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The Second International Conference on New Horizons in Basic and Applied Science

(ICNHBAS, www.nhbas.com) 1–6 August 2015, Hurghada, Egypt

Preface

It is great honor and pleasure that we welcome you to the

Second International Conference on New Horizons in Basic and

Applied Science (ICNHBAS), held on 1–6 August 2015 in

Hurghada, Egypt. ICNHBAS is organized by Faculty of Science

(Assiut), Al–Azhar University in collaboration with Science and

Technology Development Fund (STDF).

We are especially pleased to bring to you a most

distinguished set of keynote speakers in all sessions. We sincerely

hope that all participants will enjoy and benefit from all events in

different conference sessions.

Many scholars who are currently working on developing

basic and applied sciences from various countries and regions will

contribute in our conference and present state-of-the-art lectures in

their field. The selected participations centered on the current

research achievements, new research results and future research

directions in different subjects. We hope that these findings will

serve as useful sources of reference to help young scientists,

postgraduate students and researchers to carry out further works in

the development and applications of science and technology.

To all fellow participants, we hope you will find this conference

inspiring, mind-opening and most enjoyable. To our overseas guests

in particular, do find time to see a bit of our country. As we

i Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches

Session VII: Environmental Science and Technology



Egyptian normally welcomed our guests, we would like to say you

are most welcome. Hope you have a memorable time during your

stay in our beautiful country. We are pleased to say thank you to

each of you who have attended this conference and thanks to our

participants, special guests and guest speakers. We appreciate you

for taking the time and effort to be here. We also thank you for your

participation and the sharing your ideas and expertise. We certainly

hope that the conference has been all that you expected it to be and

that you have taken the opportunity to exchange of many

experiences, suggestions and opinions with decisions makers,

practitioners and researchers from all over the world.

Finally, we could not possibly have done this all by our self.

We, therefore, would like to take this opportunity to thank the

organizing committee members for their competent and tireless

efforts to make this conference success. Our warmest thanks also to

the invited speakers and participants for their contributions and

interest to attend the conference.

Hurghada, Egypt Dr. Hany A. Hosham

August 1, 2015 Coordinator and Secretary

ii Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




The Sessions VI&VII Organizing Committee Members:

From Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al–Azhar University,

Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alaa G. M. Osman

Assoc. Prof. of Marine Science

(Email: [email protected])

Dr. Aldoushy A. Mahdy

Lecturer of Marine Science


Dr. Khaled Y. AbouelFadl

Lecturer of Marine Science


Mr. Ahmed Said Elsayed

Demonstrator at Zoology Department


Mr. Hussam Askar Mohamed



Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim Taha



iii Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Contents

Part I: Toxicology

NO. Name / Title Page

EN-I1 Dr. Nadir Sidiqi...........................................................

Antibiotic Resistance: Emerging Threat in Agricultural

& Environmental Systems

2

EN-I2 Dr. Ilka Lutz ……………………...…..……………..

Ecotoxicological effect- and risk assessment:

Significance of mechanism-based research

3

EN-O1 Assoc. Prof. Alaa G. M. Osman……………...……...

Assessment of water pollution in the River Nile by

applying blood biomarkers in the model species Nile

tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and African

catfish Clarias gariepinus

6

EN-O2 Prof. Dr. Ismail Abo-Serir El Ghandour.....................

Phytoextraction of heavy metals by canola (Brassica

napus) and radish (Raphanus sativus, L) grown on

multicontaminated soil

8

EN-O3 Dr. Andria Ziková ……………………………..........

Has lyophilized cyanobacterial biomass containing

microcystin-LR a negative impact on amphibian

tadpoles?

10

EN-O4 Dr. Esam Abu El-Sebaa Osman Ismail……………...

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality to Estimate its

Suitability for Different Uses in Siwa Oasis, Egypt

12

iv Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches





EN-O5 Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mekhaimer Elshehaby ...……

Toxicity and biochemical study in the Cotton

Leafworm, Spodoptera littoral is (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera:

Noctuidae)

13

EN-O6 Assoc. Prof. Mohamed Mohamed Sied Ahmad Amer

Protection from environmental pollution

Jurisprudential study compared to the Arab

environment legislation

14

EN-I1 Dr. Nadir Sidiqi ……………......................................

Green chemistry: Application of biopestisides.

16

EN-I3 Prof. Dr. Nermeen Ahmed El-Sersy…………………

Bioremediation Of Textile Dyes By Microbes

17

EN-O7 Ms. Belguet Assia……………………………………

دراسة بيوكيميبئية و وسيجية للتأثير السمي على الفئران لمبيد

السيبرمثريه المستعمل في الزراعة بمىطقة سطيف الجزائر

18

EN-O8 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Elsayed Khalil………………….

Histological studies on the effects of plant extracts on

the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.

19

EN-O9 Ms. Amany Ebrahim Ahmed Nofal………………….

Influence of antioxidant agent on various

morphological and functional indicators of different

organs of rats under experimental conditions

20

EN-O10 Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim Taha………………………

The protective effect of taurine on the liver of rat

21

v Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches





males affected by over dose of acetaminophen

EN-O11 Dr. Moustafa M.H. Sarhan…………………………..

Virocidal activity of Egyptian scorpion venoms

against hepatitis C virus as a potential therapeutic

modality

23

Part II: Environmental Science

EN-I4 Prof. Mahmoud Hanfy……………………………….

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE NEW

SUEZ CANAL, BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC FACTS

AND POLITICAL PROPAGANDA

25

EN-I5 Dr. Azza Elganainy………………………………..

Climate Change and Fisheries

28

EN-O12 Prof. Dr. Mahmoud A. Dar…………………………

Biogeochemical interactions of heavy metals between

Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and the underlying

sediments in the mangrove swamps, Red Sea, Egypt.

30

EN-O13 Mr. Adegbola Taoreed Adesola…………………...

Atomic force microscopy and mechanical properties of

recycled PAN and PET blends

32

EN-O14 Ms. Samia Ismail Ahmed Nada……………………...

Environmental accounting and its role in the

disclosure of environmental pollution that comes from

industrial companies in Egypt

33

EN-O15 Mr. Gamil Gamal Abd El-Motey Abd El-Hady…….. 35

vi Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches





Impact of different land surface schemes in regional

climate model (RegCM4)

EN-O16 Mr. Ahmed Sabry Shehata Afify…………………….

Studying the Effect of doping metal ions onto sepiolite

as a humidity sensors for Environmental Controlling

36

EN-O17 Dr. Mohamed Elsayed Abdelfattah Ali……………

Synthesis of polyamide/graphene oxide composite

membranes for water desalination

38

Part III: Fisheries and Aquaculture

ZO-I6

Prof. Dr. Werner Kloas………………………………

Transfer and establishment of a new concept for

aquaponic systems (“tomatofish”) to Egypt to

contribute to food security in the 21st century

39

ZO-I7

Prof. Dr. Alaa Eldin A. K. El-Haweet……………….

Alien Species Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean-

Egyptian coast

42

ZO-O18

Prof. Dr. Manal Moustafa Mahmoud Sabrah………..

Age, Growth and demographic structures of thorny

Flathead Rogadius asper, Cuvier, 1829 (Pieces:

Platycephalidae) from the coastal waters of the Suez

Gulf

44

ZO-O19

Dr. Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud…………..

Spawn and early larval development of Spanish dancer

nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus (Rüppell and

46

vii Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches





Leuckart, 1828) (Gastropoda:Nudibranchia)

ZO-O20

Dr. Mahmoud Mahrous Sayed Farrag……………….

Stock status of puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus

(Gmelin, 1789) along the Egyptian coast, eastern

Mediterranean Sea

47

ZO-O21

Dr. Aldoushy Abdelkarim A. Mahdy ...……………..

Ecological studies on zooplankton communities

located off Megacities of the Red Sea, Egypt.

49

ZO-O22

Dr. Ahmed Awad Abdelhady ………………………

Phenotypic differentiation of the Red Sea gastropods

in response to the environmental deterioration:

Geometric morphometric approach

51

ZO-O23

Mr. Alhussin Mohamed Abdelhakeem ……………...

Taxonomical studies on the vermetid mollusk

Ceraesignum maximum inhabiting Red-Sea coast of

Egypt.

53

ZO-O24

Assoc. Prof. Hamdy Abdel-Azeim Hassan Aly..……

Isolation, identification and biodegradation

characteristics of a new bacterial strain degrading TBT.

55

ZO-O25

Ms. Rasha M. Reda Hassanin………………………..

Isolation of Oreochromis niloticus intestinalmicrobiota

and their use as beneficial antagonistic probiotic

bacteria.

56

viii Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches





ZO-O26

Prof. Dr. Abd El Baset M.A. Abd El Reheem……….

Seasonal variations of some physiological parameters

correlated with the reproductive cycle of Solea

aegyptiaca From Lake Qarun, Egypt

57

Part IV: Basic and Applied Zoology

ZO-I8

Prof. Dr. Makio Takeda …………...………………

Two physiological switches for contradicting

phenotypes in polyphenism and polyethism under

stress and non-stress conditions in insects

59

ZO-I9

Assoc. Prof. Gamal Badr…………………….............

Therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of

snake venoms-loaded silica nanoparticles in the

treatment of cancer cells

63

ZO-O27

Mr. Hussam Askar Mohamad ……….........................

Effect of curcumin on immune cells in tamer bearing

Mice during chemotherapy

66

ZO-O28

Dr. Maged Mohamed Ali Fouda ………...…………

Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and

Corazonin (Crz) as putative circadian clock output

signals in the central nervous system of the terrestrial

isopod, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille)

68

ZO-O29

Dr. ElAmier Hussien Mohammed Hussien ………....

A KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPIDERS AT

QENA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT

70

ix Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches





ZO-O30

Mr. Esmail Abdo Mohammed Ali…………………...

Effect of Magnetic Field from Mobile Phone on Brain

72

ZO-O31 Dr. Walid Mohammad Taher Elsawy Aly…………...

Blood metal concentrations of Oreochromis niloticus

niloticus and Clarias gariepinus as biomarkers of metal

pollution in the River Nile

74

ZO-O32

Dr. Rashad El-Sayed Mohammed Said ……………

Biochemical and histopathological alteration in liver of

the Egyptian toad Amietophrynus regularis , as

biomarker response to water quality deterioration at

different localities along the river Nile, Egypt

76

Poster Session:

ZO-P33 Assoc. Prof. Amal Mohamed Mahmoud Amin…………

Age growth of bulinedea species in suez canal

78

ZO-P34 Mr. Islam Saber Ead Mohammed……………………….

Phylogenetic relationship among Acanthodactylus species

(Reptilia: Lacertidae) in Egypt based on mitochondrial 12s

rRNA Sequences

79

ZO-P35 Mr. Mohammed Rabey Sayed Ahmed………………….

Extraction of genomic DNA from formalin fixed animal

tissues

81

x Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




ZO-P36 Mr. Hamdy Aly Mohamed Aly……………………….

Identification of Molecular Biomarkers for Early

Detection of Bladder cancer

82

ZO-P37 Mr. Ezzat Mohammed Abd Allah Ahmed………………

Age and growth of the areolate grouper Epinephelus

areolatus from the Gulf of Suez

84

ZO-P38 Dr. Khaled Youssef AbouelFadl………………………

Applying a new age estimation method of Mediterranean

hake Merluccius merluccius

86

ZO-P39 Mr. Ahmed Elsayed Ali…………………………………

Evaluation of growth performance of Nile Tilapia

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus Fed Piophila casei Maggot

Meal (Magmeal) Diets

87

ZO-P40 Mr. Mohammed Hamdi Ibrahim Ali………………….

Embryonic developmental study of the neurocranium of

the 55 mm. total body length embryo of Halcyon

smyrnensis smyrnensis

89

ZO-P41 Dr. Fathy Elshaer Mohammed Fathy Khalil …………

Histopathological Alterations in Gills of Some Poecilid

Fishes after Exposure to Bisphenol A

91

ZO-P42 Mr. Mohamed Abbas Abdel Hafez Abdel Aziz………

Identification of short neuropeptides F (sNPF) and its

role in digestive activity in scorpion (Leiurus

quinquestriatus) upon starvation

93

xi Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




EN-P43 Prof. Dr. Mohsen A. Moustafa………………………….

Effect of indomethacin on Implantation-associated

histological changes in the mouse uterus.

94

EN-P44 Assoc. Prof. Noha A. El-Tayeh…………………………

Growth of cotton plants (Gossypium barbadence) as

affected by sewage sludge application.

95

EN-P45 Dr. Ramdani Nadia……………………………………...

Physicochemical characterization of sewage sludge and

green waste for agricultural utilization

97

EN-P46 Ms. Fatma Larbi………………………………………

Characterization of two natural clays and their application

as adsorbent for treatment process of dye effluents

99

EN-P47 Mr. Eslam Sobhy Salama……………………………….

Influence of Doping Elements on the Properties of Nano-

zirconium Tungesto-vanadate as Cation Exchange

Material

101

EN-P48 Mr. Abd-Allah Ahmed Mohammad Alian……………

The effect of the density of zooxanthellae on the growth

rate of the scleractinian coral Acropora hemprichii from

the northwestern Red Sea

103

EN-P49 Mr. Ahmed Hussein Fathy Mohamed Abd El Fattah…...

Phenol removal from aqueous solutions using modified

ZSM-

105

ZO-P50 Ms. Somaya El-komy Abd El-Maksoud Dawah………..

Isolation, identification and biodegradation characteristics

106

xii Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




of A new bacterial strain degrading TBT

ZO-P51 Dr. Hussein Adam………………………………………

Lake Nasser: current situation, obstacles and suggested

future solutions

108

ZO-P52 Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mekhaimer Elshehaby………….

Laboratory colonization of Lucilia sericata Meigen

(Diptera: Caliphoridae) strain from Assiut, Egypt

110

ZO-P53 Mr. Hussien Naser………………………………………

Effect of anthropogenic activities on coral distribution at

onshore and offshore reefs along the Egyptian coast, Red

Sea

112

EN-P54 Mr. Mosaab Ali Mohamed Ali……………………….....

Immunocytochemical and histochemical studies on the

pituitary gland of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus.

114

ZO-P55 Prof. Dr. Mahmoud A. Dar……………………………

The physicochemical characteristics of the coastal

seawater in the Northern Red Sea

116

ZO-P56 Mr. Ahmed Said Elsayed Osman………………………

Morphological structure of ciliary body during eye

development in some species of Egyptian birds

118

ZO-P57 Dr. Mohamed Ali Shehata El-Okaby………………....

The effect of MICROPAN AQUA® as a synbiotic on the

performance of juvenile marine fish, gilthead sea bream

(sparus aurata).

119

xiii Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




ZO-P58 Dr. Heba Salah Mohamed Hamed………………………

Beneficial effects of Spirulina platensis on deltamethrin-

induced oxidative stress and biochemical alterations in

African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

121

EN-P59 Mr. Momtaz Elsayed Mohamed ………………………

Amendment to the drinking water treatment plant design

123

ZO-P60 Ms. Fatma EL Zahraa A. Abdel Rahman ………………

Histopathological studies on trichodinosis of farmed

Oreochromis niloticus

124

Simply Attender:

ZO-A Dr. Muhammed Raheemat Omowumi

ZO-A Dr. Mohamed M. M. Toutou

ZO-A6 Mr. El-Moqdad Ragaei Ebrahim Farhat

ZO-A6 Dr. Montaser Aly Mahmoud Mohammed Al-Hammady

ZO-A6 Prof. Dr. Awad Abdo Mohamed Elsyed

ZO-A6 Prof. Amal Mohamed Hassan El Sherbini

ZO-A6 Mr. Ahmed Salah Abdel Halim

ZO-A6 Dr. Walid Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Magid

ZO-A6 Mr. Sherief Sayed Ahmed

ZO-A

ZO-A71

Ms. Elham Abd El-Badiea Mahmoud

Ms. Dalia Mostafa Abdel Salam

xiv Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




Oral Sessions

Page 1 Session VI: Basic and Applied Zoological Researches




Part I: Toxicology

Antibiotic Resistance: Emerging Threat in Agricultural &

Environmental Systems

Dr. Nadir Sidiqi

State of California, department of pesticide regulation, USA.

Abstract

Proper food, nutrition, and healthy environment are essential

to every human around the globe. However, emerging antibiotic

resistance is a threat to human society, via food chain in the context

of polluted soil, water environment and emergence of pests

problems for development and dissemination of these complex

antibiotic resistances, especially environmental releases of

antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria. The aim of this review

is to discuss the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance from an

agricultural perspective with its major causes and consequences to

focus on monitoring and gaps in major areas that concern plant,

animal, and human health. It is important to encourage, motivate,

and collaborate to reduce unnecessary application of antibiotics on

farm animals and agriculture systems. To reduce development of

antibiotic resistance and focus on education for effective action in

agricultural systems and public health care sector based on

synergistic numerous literatures and propose strategies for possible

solutions to combat this human society risk.





Ecotoxicological effect- and risk assessment: Significance of

mechanism-based research

I. Lutza, J. Gessner

a, C. Lorenz

a, S. Tamschick

a, F. Hoffmann

a, M.

Stöcka, A. Osman

b, W. Kloas

a

a) Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany

b) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Assiut), Al–Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Ecotoxicology studies the toxic effects of anthropogenic

substances on organisms, as well as on populations, communities

and ecosystems. Selected species have been used for classical risk

assessment in in vivo experiments, focusing upon apical endpoints,

such as death, growth and reproduction. This approach provides

little insights into causative mechanisms. An example for the

limitations of these approaches was reflected in the failure to reveal

the physiological effects caused by endocrine disruptors (EDs). The

latter term refers to chemicals that are interfering with the endocrine

system of organisms, causing adverse developmental and health

effects.

The endocrine system mediates the regulation of physiological

processes such as metabolism, osmo-mineral homeostasis,

development, and reproduction and as such also represents the

internal responses of the organism to its environment. The





pleiotropic nature of hormones integrates behavioural, physiological

and morphological life history traits. Over the last decades, a wealth

of laboratory data reported not only the effects of EDs on

reproductive physiology but also on disruption of the thyroid

system. In order to unravel the very complex interactions of EDs

with the endocrine system a deeper understanding of mechanistic

pathways is essential.

The amphibian Xenopus laevis possesses two major endocrine

pathways for which it can be used as model organism to examine

the disrupting impacts of chemicals. Firstly, amphibian

metamorphosis is strongly regulated by the thyroid system and

adverse effects of EDs are clearly detectable. Secondly, sexual

differentiation of X. laevis displays plasticity in its endocrine

regulation. Thus, endocrine disruptors interfering with the

endogenous homeostasis of sexual-steroids can significantly disturb

the relevant molecular pathways, physiological feedback loops and

eventually gonad differentiation and sex ratio. In order to assess

species-specific differences due to very long phylogenetic

divergence, the sensitivity towards gonad differentiation was

compared between X. laevis and two other non-model amphibian

species. Taking into account the pleiotropic action of hormones, we

could demonstrate that developmental exposure to an ED does not





only affect sexual differentiation and metamorphosis but also

reproductive behaviour.

Risk assessment for legal regulatory purposes is challenging in the

face of thousands of chemicals which have to be assessed for

potential toxic effects on wildlife, humans and environment. Thus,

there is a need for developing integrated testing strategies based on

mechanistic and ecological knowledge to improve efficiency not

only in terms of time, money and a predictable risk assessment but

also to reduce the use of animals. An important part of this approach

is grouping chemicals according to their common mode of action to

understand their cause-effect mechanisms, such as molecular

initiating events and the intermediate key events leading to an

adverse outcome at various biological levels. This information can

be used to transfer results from the single species-model to multiple

species when integrated in the concept of species sensitivity

distribution. However, to predict effects of chemical exposure from

organism-level to ecological consequences further development of

conceptual models is needed.





Assessment of water pollution in the River Nile by applying

blood biomarkers in the model species Nile tilapia

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and African catfish Clarias

gariepinus

Alaa G. M. Osmana, Abd El Baset M. Abd El Reheem

a, Khaled Y.

AbouelFadlb, Usama M. Mahmoud and Werner Kloas

c

a) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Assiut), Al–Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

b) Faculty of Fisheries and Fish Technology Aswan University, Egypt

c) Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany

Abstract

This study aimed to explore new sights of biomarker

research and to establish the use of blood parameters and erythron

profile in wild fish collected from the river Nile, Egypt. The mean

values of nearly all the detected hematological parameters were

significantly lower in the blood of Nile tilapia and African catfish

collected from downstream (contaminated) compared to upstream

sites. Lower cellular and nuclear areas and cellular and nuclear

shape factor were recorded in the erythrocytes of fish collected from

downstream compared to those caught from upstream sites. This

was confirmed by higher immature ratios of red cells in the blood of

fish sampled from downstream sites. Karyorrhectic and enucleated

erythrocytes were recorded to be higher in the blood of fish





collected from downstream sites. The levels of all the selected

biochemical variables in the blood of both fish species were

recorded to be significantly higher in downstream sites. According

to the present results, nearly all haematological and blood

biochemical variables are suitable indicators of contaminant

exposure in fishes. Also the detected erythrocyte malformations

were proven to be suitable for bio-monitoring of aquatic pollution.

The results revealed species-specific differences in sensitivities,

suggesting that Nile tilapia may serve as a more sensitive test

species compared to African catfish.





Phytoextraction of heavy metals by canola (Brassica napus)

and radish (Raphanus sativus, L) grown on

multicontaminated soil

I.A El-Ghandoura; M.E.El-Nennahah; M. E. Galal; A.M. Gadalla and,

B.A.Al- Natsheh.

a) Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt

Abstract

Phytoextraction can provide an effective, in situ, technique

for removing heavy metals from polluted soils. The experiment

reported in this paper was undertaken to study the basic potential of

Phytoextraction of Brassica napus (canola) grown on a multi-metal

contaminated soil (irrigated with sewage sludge for 20 and 50

years) in pot-experiment. In this regard; we aimed to reuse heavy

metal contaminated soil (marginal soil) with risk management to

avoid the hazard effects and in the same time to remediate such

soils via phytoremediation, Consequently, one experiment were

carried out under green house conditions at Soil and Water

Research Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy

Authority to explore and evaluate the role of phytoremediation on

rehabilitation of contaminated soils. Loamy sand soil sample was

collected from Al-Jabal El-Asfar farm (Kalubia Governorate,

Egypt) for sewage remediation. One of these samples was treated

with sludge effluent for 20 years and the second one was treated for





50 years. Canola plants were used as tested plant. and harvested at 3

interval times. Distribution of heavy metals in plant parts was

determined; the heavy metal Phytoextraction efficiency of canola

was determined and the Phytoextraction coefficient for each metal

calculated. Data indicated that canola is moderately tolerant to

heavy metals. Canola showed relatively low phytoremediation

potential of multicontaminated soils. It could possibly be used with

success in polluted soils where their growth would not be impaired

and the extraction of heavy metals could be maintained at satisfying

levels





Has lyophilized cyanobacterial biomass containing

microcystin-LR a negative impact on amphibian tadpoles?

Ziková, A., Lorenz, C., Lutz, I., Kloas, W.

Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of

Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany

Abstract

Due to anthropogenic activities an increase of nutrients in

water bodies causing phytoplankton development is regularly

recorded. The substantial part in phytoplankton composition is

represented by blue green algae called cyanobacteria. Some

freshwater cyanobacterial species produce cyanotoxins, secondary

metabolites, posing during algal blooms a threat to drinking and

irrigation water supplies worldwide. Several reports deal with the

most common monocyclic heptapeptide microcystin-LR (MC-LR)

and its effects on fishes, however, only a few studies investigated a

natural exposure to MCs and limited information is available

concerning the further aquatic vertebrate class, amphibians. The aim

of our study was to expose Xenopus laevis tadpoles for 1, 3, 7, and

21 days to diets containing lyophilized cyanobacterial biomass

without and with MC-LR at concentrations of 42.8 and 187.0 μg

MC-LR/g diet, respectively, to determine impacts on MC-LR

bioaccumulation, development, stress, and biotransformation.





The fate of MC-LR served as a diet was determined in whole body

using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

detection. Effects on development were assessed by recording

mortality, weight and developmental stage. In parallel, mRNA

levels of hypophyseal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

associated with metamorphosis and of gonadotropins, luteinizing

hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, triggering sexual

differentiation, were assessed. Concerning stress, corticosteroid

levels and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as

stress biomarkers were examined. Furthermore, mRNA expression

of biotransformation enzymes of all three phases as well as

biomarkers for oxidative stress were determined.

Surprisingly, exposure to cyanobacterial biomass containing MC-

LR supplied via diet as natural exposure neither resulted in

measurable bioaccumulation of MC-LR nor affected dramatically

development. Only minor to negligible physiological impacts on

development, stress, and biotransformation mechanisms parameters

were found suggesting that X. laevis tadpoles seem to have some

mechanisms to be able to cope with lyophilized cyanobacterial

biomass with considerable amounts of MC-LR.





Evaluation of Groundwater Quality to Estimate its

Suitability for Different Uses in Siwa Oasis, Egypt

Esam Abu El-Sebaa Osman Ismail, Safa Hassan and Ataf Faried

Minia Univeristy, Minia, Egypt

Abstract

Overpopulation of Egypt has put pressure on the government for

horizontal expansion for food security. Therefore, horizontal

expansion in the desert for agricultural purposes is one of the

solutions; the groundwater is the main source of water for this. In

this study, we evaluate the groundwater for different uses. 39

groundwater samples were collected from the study area during

2013 and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics.

These data has been used to the preliminary evaluation of the

suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes by

comparing those parameters with world health organization (WHO)

standards and Egyptian standards. Most of the collected water

samples are unsuitable for drinking due to its high salinity and the

high concentration of iron and manganese. About 82% of the

studied water samples which collected from the study area had total

hardness ranged between hard and very hard which unsuitable for

the industry. According to salinity index, SAR, Na%, magnesium

hazard and Kelley ratio, most of the collected groundwater samples

are unsuitable for irrigation purposes.





Toxicity and biochemical study in the Cotton Leafworm,

Spodoptera littoral is (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mekhaimer Elshehaby

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Assiut), Al–Azhar University,

Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Bioassay experiments to investigate the comparative

effectiveness of some insecticides including pyrethroids (Alpha

cypermethrin and Fenvalerate )organophosphates (Chlorpyriofos ,

Cyanophos and Profenofos ) and carbamates (Methomyl ) were

performed on 4th larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis. Surveys or

monitoring level of toxicity in some governorates of Egypt

(Beheira, kalubia, Dakahlia, Fayum, Beni suef for two year and

laboratory strain. The compounds were determine lethal

concentration killed fifty percent and ninety percent of each

governorates .The data revealed that pesticides was highly effective

in laboratory strains according to LC50 and LC90 values .The other

strains or governorates populations tested with insecticides were

less active and behave differently according to the strain location.

We analyzed protein of all governorates tested by sodium dodecyl

sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).





Protection from environmental pollution Jurisprudential

study compared to the Arab environment legislation

Assoc. Prof Mohamed Mohamed Sied Ahmad Amer

Faculty of Sharia and Law in Cairo - Al Azhar university

Abstract

The research problem: studies of local and international statistics

indicate to the growing phenomenon of environmental pollution on

a global, Arab and Egyptian level, and studies agree that there is a

negative impact reflected on the environment, economy and social

side because of the phenomenon of pollution, and to confront and

combat this environmental imbalance requires the concerted efforts

of scientists in various fields all according to specialization.

Legislative and legal side is one of the areas and ways of

confrontation to the issue of pollution, and then Composed the

research problem in this question : What is the role of

environmental legislation and the Arab Islamic Jurisprudence in the

face of pollution?

Aim of the research: The research aims to explain and describe the

reality , the causes and effects of pollution in the Arab world, and

then follow the role of Arab environmental legislation and Islamic

jurisprudence in the face of the pollution problem in the Arab

world.

Research Methodology: pursuing this research is mainly descriptive





approach, along with the inductive and deductive when needed .

The most important results:The most important results are: There is

legislation bodies and institutions legislative and executive in the

Arab world working to protect the environment from pollution, and

that the Arab legislation came preventive measures and other

precautions to protect against contamination and try to deal with it

when it occurs, and the results that Islamic law, as well as the law

may secure great provisions that criminalize and prohibit pollution.

also the most important results that a person is criminally

responsible for the pollution, including When he does not

implement what must legitimately or not he have prevented him

from pollution and causes of the disease, and the availability of the

right elements of criminal responsibility, namely discrimination,

and the ability to choose. The most important recommendations:

The most important recommendations in the need for the Arab

legislations take tougher to prevent crime pollution and work on

environmental protection measures, along with the need for a

special control over the institutions that protect the environment

from pollution and reduction of order, and finally the need for

standardized special system integrated version in order to Trace the

problem and treatment, with the need for a specific sanctions

pursuant base "no crime or punishment except by law", and to

clarify the competent authorities. Finally, be a recipe for the





conference continuity periodically.

Green chemistry: Application of biopestisides

Dr. Nadir Sidiqi

State of California, department of pesticide regulation, USA.

Abstract

Human society in the 21th century is facing a daunting challenge

and attempting for sustainable environmental practices, economic

growth in the context of sustainable global development. To meet

the needs and tackle down the challenges for an increased food

supply of a growing population, scarcity of central resource of

water, adverse climate change, droughts, emergence of pests, toxic

chemicals in food, water, and air. In addition, malnutrition, obesity,

and other related adverse environmental issues. Indeed, the green

and clean environmental, chemical, and technological strategies can

fulfill the gap and play a vital role in the development of energy for

sustainability in the developing and developed countries. The aim of

this study seeks to synthesize from the literatures to enhance its

accessibility particularly on Green Chemistry in the context of

sustainable agriculture focusing on Biopesticides for the diverse

group policy maker, researcher, academia and social activist

audiences.





Bioremediation Of Textile Dyes By Microbes

Prof. Dr. Nermeen Ahmed El-Sersy

Professor of Microbiology Microbiology Lab. Environment Division, National

Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries,Alexandria

Abstract

This work aims to review decolorization of textile dye

especially azo dyes effluent by several types of microorganisms

such as algae, bacteria, fungi, yeast consortia and extremophiles.

Moreover, the research is extended to study the most advanced

techniques involved in bioremediation of dye contaminated

effluents which is medium optimization using statistical designs,

using genetically engineered microorganisms, microbial

immobilization, and Enzyme immobilization using natural dyes.

Finally several case studies were also introduced.





دراسة بيوكيميبئية و وسيجية للتأثير السمي على الفئران لمبيد

السيبرمثريه المستعمل في الزراعة بمىطقة سطيف الجزائرMs Belguet Assia

INRAA, Algeria

Abstract

Cypermethrin is one of the most insecticidal pyrethroids widely

used in agriculture regions of Setif. to control wide range of insect

pests in a variety of crops. The aim of this study is to investigate the

effects of cypermethrin on hematological, biochemical parameters

and some histological organs, and also its effect on fertility. Mice

were used, separated in 5 groups,(n:= 6), (CI) control, (TI)

experimental group treated for 15 days; (TII) treated for 30 days,

(CII) and GPT, and AlP. The decrease in Hb, RBC and WBC which

are related to the immunity, this is probably due to cell lyses explain

the effect of Cypermetherin on erythropoeisis. Histological

examination confirmed the biochemical tests by the observation of

inflammatory infiltrate and alterations Epididymal spermatozoa

were evaluated with respect to quantity, motility and morphology.

The histology of testis and epididymis was also studied. Sperm

count decreased in treated animals by around 16.89% in (TI),

20.62% in (TII) by 20.32% in (TIII compared to control. Teratology

observations showed a clear modification of sperm morphology,

especially the flagella. Testicular and epididymal morphology was

also impaired. It is concluded that Cypermethrin may cause

morphological and functional alteration.





Histological studies on the effects of plant extracts on the

greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.

Mohamed E. Khalil, M. A. Taha and E. E. Seliem

Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt

Abstract

Treatment of 7th larval instars of Galleria mellonella L. with

LD50 of ethanolic neem seed (Azadirachta indica) extracts, cause

completely destructions in fat tissue, body wall, colon, Malpighian

tubules and muscles just before death . These damages decreased in

cases of treatment larvae after 12 and 24 hrs. There are simple

damages in muscles when treated larvae with lethal dose of leave

extracts of C. antiqurum and V. rosea. Lethal dose of leave extracts

of A. sativa cause ruin in muscles, gonads and hindgut. Whereas the

lethal dose of leave extracts of M. azedarach causes crakes in

gonads. These results confirmed that the ability of using these plant

extracts for control of this pest in a safety way without pollutions.





Influence of antioxidant agent on various morphological

and functional indicators of different organs of rats under

experimental conditions

Nofal A.E., Lampatov V.V., Lepilov A.V.

Faculty of science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt

Abstract

3 5-dimethylpyrazole (U-6245) is one of those substances that

reduce the blood glucose level and is used in the treatment of

diabetes. 1 5-Bis. (3 5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-oxapentane

diacetatocopper (C18H28N4O5-Cu) is one of the new derivatives of

3 5-dimethylpyrazole which has antioxidant activity, was dissolved

in 0.9% mammalian saline and injected intraperitoneally rat at dose

12 mg/kg body weight daily for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Treated rats

revealed significant decrease in body weight of rats in comparison

with control group and revealed many histopathological alterations

throughout the whole experimental periods in the kidney and liver;

inflammatory infiltration, congestion of blood vessels with

hemorrhage, marked enlarged vacuolated cytoplasm in cells, as

well as, some of the degenerated cells showed pyknosis and area

of necrosis. Large spaces were detected in some areas due to

degeneration of cells.





The protective effect of taurine on the liver of rat males

affected by over dose of acetaminophen

Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim Taha


Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Acute liver injury caused by many factors. One of these factors

is drug – induced liver injury such as overdose of acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen overdose causes a serious liver injury even death.

Taurine (2 – amino ethansulfonic acid) is a free sulfur – containing

β – amino acid which found in many tissues in the body. This study

demonstrates the protective role of taurine to prevent

acetaminophen overdose – induced hepatotoxicity. Albino male rat

were treated by taurine only (200mg. /kg. /day) for 30 days , taurine

(200mg. /kg. /day) for 30 days and then injected with

(600mg./kg./day) two times only (once every 24 hours), and

acetaminophen only (600mg./kg./day) two times every 24 hours.

Acetaminophen treatment increased the level of alanine

aminotransferase (ALT), aspirate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline

phosphatase (ALP) and decreased the level of protein in the blood

as it caused hepatocyte necrosis. Rats that treated with taurine show

a significant improvement in hepatocytoprotection, decrease of

hepatocellular enzyme release and adjust the serum protein level





comparing with acetaminophen treated group. These results

indicate that taurine has a protective and a prophylactic effects in

acetaminophen overdose – induced hepatotoxicity.





Virocidal activity of Egyptian scorpion venoms against

hepatitis C virus as a potential therapeutic modality

Moustafa M.H. Sarhana, Alaa M. H. El-Bitar

a,b, Chie Aoki

b, Yusuke

Takaharab, Mari Komoto

b, Lin Deng

b Mohsen A. Moustafa

a and Hak

Hottab

a) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University,

Assiut branch, Egypt.

b) Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of

Medicine, Japan.

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a causative agent of chronic

hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular

carcinoma. Due to the suboptimal response rates and severe side

effects of standard interferon-based therapies, development of well-

tolerated regimens with high cure rates and fewer side effects is still

much needed. Recently, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are

attracting increasing attention as bioactive compounds representing

significant therapeutic agents. These peptides act as a novel class of

bioactive molecules against a variety of viruses. In this study, we

screened crude venom obtained from five Egyptian scorpions,

Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, A. australis, A.

bicolor and Scorpio maurus palmatus, for anti-HCV activities using

an HCV cell culture system. The results revealed that two of the

five extracts possessed anti-HCV activities against the J6/ JFH1-





P47 strain of HCV. The positive samples were crude venoms of A.

australis and S.m.palmatus, with 50%-inhibitory concentrations

(IC50) being 88.3 ± 5.8 and 6.3 ± 1.6 µg/ml, respectively. We

further demonstrated that the S.m. palmatus crude venom (30µg/ml)

has a virocidal effect on extracellular infectious HCV particles.

Moreover, S.m. palmatus venom works mainly as entry inhibitor

that targets the first step of HCV life cycle through direct interaction

with virus particles. Interestingly, this antiviral activity is directed

specifically against HCV, but not against influenza virus. To our

knowledge, this is the first report focusing on antiviral activities of

Egyptian scorpion venoms, which has opened new approach

towards discovering antiviral compounds derived from scorpion

venoms.





Part II: Environmental Science

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE NEW SUEZ CANAL,

BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC FACTS AND POLITICAL

PROPAGANDA

Prof. DR. Mahmoud Hanfy

Marine Science Dept., Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia Egypt

Abstract

The ongoing influx of Red Sea biota into the Mediterranean

Sea (Lessepsian migration) and from the Mediterranean Sea to the

Red Sea (Anti- Lessepsian migration), attracted many scientists to

pay attention over the past century on the various invaded faunal

and floral groups, and contributed much to elucidation of this

phenomenon (Ben-Tuvia 1966; Por 1978; Hanafy, 1992; Galil

2009; Golani 2010). Extensive survey on the Bitter Lakes 1967-

1971, i.e 45 years after Cambridge Expedition in 1924, indicated

that the biotic inventory of the Bitter lakes reached to great stability

with very little changes. Therefore, Por (1973) considered the lakes

as stable ecosystem and considered barrier for further migrants.

Hanafy (1992) stated that changes in and around lakes such as

drainage of irrigation waters, intensive dredging to clear and enlarge

the main channel and shipping activities of the ocean going vessels





will affect this stability and allowing more migrating species to the

Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea. On the other hand, it is a

scientific fact that climate change and global warming is affecting

species movements and migration worldwide, and is playing a

crucial role in invasive biology nowadays. Different recorded cases

of fishes and invertebrates moving north-ward is a fact, and such

movements are not only affected natural animal distribution but also

greatly impacted socio-economic activities.

Recently, with the starting of the construction of the New Suez

Canal National Project, intensive campaign against the project was

begun worldwide. This campaign was based on a single publication

authored by Prof. Bella Galil and 17 European scientists as a Letter

to the editor of the Journal of Biological. The article (letter) titled “

Double Trouble” the expansion of the Suez Canal and marine bio-

invasion in the Mediterranean Sea (Sept. 2014). Based on this letter

and supporting of Dr Bella, international media started the

campaign represented by several articles, such as: Haarets in Oct.

21. 2014 titled “Scientists: Suez Canal project “ominous” news for

the Mediterranean Sea- Central worry is foreign species invading

from the Red Sea; New York Times: in Nov. 12. 2014 titled “under

the ships in the Suez Canal”; The Guardian: in Nov. 30 2014 titled

“Suez Canal scheme threatens ecosystem and human activity in





Mediterranean”. On the other side the national newspapers handled

the issue based on the conspiracy theory.

It is questionable: “Is the New Suez Canal will increase the rate of

species invasion between the two Seas? Or is it just political

propaganda?”. The presentation reviews the role of the Suez Canal

and climate change on the invasive species pattern on the regional

and global level. It also discusses the scientific facts of the factors

controlling the rate of invasive species and evaluates the impact of

the New Suez Canal on invasion pattern.





Climate Change and Fisheries

Dr. Azza ElGanainy

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

Abstract

Fish provide essential nutrition and income to an ever-

growing number of people around the world, especially where other

food and employment resources are limited. Some 200 million

people and their dependants worldwide, most of them in developing

countries, live by fishing and aquaculture. Many fishers and

aquaculturists are poor and ill-prepared to adapt to change, making

them vulnerable to impacts on fish resources. Climate changes may

affect fisheries and aquaculture directly by influencing fish stocks

and the global supply of fish for consumption, or indirectly by

influencing fish prices or the cost of goods and services required by

fishers and fish farmers. Changing sea temperature and current

flows will likely bring shifts into the distribution of marine fish

stocks, with some areas benefiting while others lose. Higher inland

water temperatures may reduce the availability of wild fish stocks

by harming water quality, worsening dry season mortality, bringing

new predators and pathogens, and changing the abundance of food

available to fishery species. Mean sea level is predicted to rise

between 10 and 90 centimeters during this century, with most

predictions in the range of 30 -50 centimeters. This will likely





damage or destroy many coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and

salt marshes, which are essential to maintaining wild fish stocks, as

well as supplying seed to aquaculture. Mangroves and other coastal

vegetation buffer the shore from storm surges that can damage fish

ponds and other coastal infrastructure and may become more

frequent and intense under climate change. There is an urgent need

to better understand where climate change is most likely to reduce

livelihood options for fishers and where there is therefore the

greatest need to invest in alternative rural and urban enterprises.





Biogeochemical interactions of heavy metals between

Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and the underlying sediments

in the mangrove swamps, Red Sea, Egypt.

Mahmoud A. Dara; Ahmad A. M. Khalafallah

b, Kawthar M. Tawfik

b

and Marina R.N. Sammanc

a) National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. b) Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. c) Institute of Environmental Studies and Research - Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

The bio-available heavy metals; Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd

and Co were measured using AAS in the fruits, leaves and roots of

Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., slack water and the bulk

sediments with their fine fractions (Ø3, Ø4 and Ø5) that collected

from 9 mangrove localities in the inshore zone of the Red Sea.

Fruits showed the highest tendency to bio-accumulate Zn and Cu

(Avs. ≈116.41 and 15.20 µg/g) leaves tend to bio-accumulate Mn

(Av. ≈ 43.72 µg/g) while roots were accumulated Pb (Av. ≈ 30.14

µg/g). The bio-accumulation sequences in the fruits and roots

follows the sequence; Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu>Mn>Ni while in leaves

follows; Fe>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu >Ni. The recorded averages of heavy

metals in the slack water samples were relatively low at the

different locations that may attribute to the reducing nature of the





mangrove sediments that accumulate the heavy metals in insoluble

form (sulphide) as well as the continuous leaching by water mixing.

The bio-available metal contents in the bulk sediments and the

different fractions show differential distribution between the

different forests depending upon the local oceanographic conditions

and the bio-geochemical cycle at each site. The high metal contents

in the fruits, leaves and roots of A. marina indicated that the most of

the accumulated metals in the underlying sediments resulted from

the longterm and continuous bio-geochemical cycle between the

mangrove trees and the underlying sediments, subsequently,

ramified pneamatophores as well as reduction in leaf numbers and

yellowish colour were observed in many mangrove stands.





Atomic force microscopy and mechanical properties of

recycled PAN and PET blends

Adegbola TAa, Sadiku ER

b and Ray SS

c

a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

c) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), National Centre for Nano-structured Materials, Material Science and Manufacturing, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Abstract

This investigation focuses on blend of recycled polyacrylonitrile

fiber with neat polyethylene terephthalate in order to develop a new

product and to improve on the properties of PAN/PET blend for

possible new application. The micro-structural characterization

using AFM shows possibility of blends development. The AFM

images revealed an interpenetrating network of phases in the blends.

The impact test and tensile properties: modulus and tensile strength

of the blended samples improved when compared to the recycled

PAN and pure PET samples. This mechanical property

improvement is due to a high ratio of PAN in the composition. This

also paves way for possible reuse of PAN fibers rather than

disposing it as a waste.





Environmental accounting and its role in the disclosure of

environmental pollution that comes from industrial

companies in Egypt

Ms. Samia Ismail Ahmed Nada

Ministry of Interior - Egypt

Abstract

The research problem: The environmental pollution is the most

serious problems facing the world today and This is because it

reflects negative effects to the health of the community in general,

and therefore has to unite the efforts of scientists in all fields to

combat this environmental pollution, and accounting as one of the

social sciences began a few years ago attention to the environment

through the emergence of environmental accounting branch and

disclosure of the data resulting from the dangers arising from

environmental pollution and to identify and measure the cost of the

environmental activities in order to reduce the negative effects of

the various activities of the industrial companies on the environment

and society and concentrated research problem in the following

question: What is the role of accounting in the reduction of

environmental pollution through standard disclosure ?

The aim of research: The research is designed to indicate to the role

of accounting in the disclosure of the impact of pollution which is

come from industrial companies in Egypt so as to reduce the





negative effects resulting from these companies on the environment.

Research Methodology: This research follows a descriptive

approach basically, next to the inductive and deductive approach

when needed. The most important results: there are several results,

including: that the environmental accounting instrumental in finding

and disclosure of data and information that measure the

environmental pollution caused by industrial companies in Egypt,

and that data will help in improving the decisions taken by the

decision makers for the benefit of society as a whole, the lack of or

ineffectiveness of laws and regulations that help protect the

environment from pollution caused by industrial companies and the

weak of control systems on these companies .

The most important recommendations: The most important

recommendations in the need to be issuing laws and regulations that

obliges the industrial companies to apply the international standards

on the protection of the environment from pollution, and

management of industrial companies in Egypt must strive to do

what is required to reduce pollution resulting from these companies,

and all the Faculties of Commerce in Egypt must teach

Environmental accounting courses , and finally This conference

must have a regular recipe .





Impact of different land surface schemes in regional

climate model (RegCM4)

Gamil G. A. Abd El-Hady, Fawzia Moursy

Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract

Regional climate model is an important tool which used in

dynamical downscaling from global model. We used

ICTP-RegCM4 model to study sensitivity of regional climate of

Nile Basin to different land surface schemes (BATS and CLM). We

made two simulations by RegCM4, one by RegCM-BATS and the

other by RegCM4-CLM for the period from 1995 until 2007. By

analyze several parameters such as soil moisture,

evapotranspiration, precipitation and radiation budget (shortwave

radiation, longwave radiation, and albedo), we found that land

surface scheme play an important role in regional climate.





Studying the Effect of doping metal ions onto sepiolite as a

humidity sensors for Environmental Controlling.

Ahmed S. Afify, M. Ataalla, Ahmad S. Abu-Khadra, M. Hassan, Amr

Mohammed, J.M. Tulliani

Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin

Abstract

Demand for humidity sensors has rapidly grown in the last few

years they have several applications in both industrial processing

and environmental control. Moreover, the need for humidity sensors

working in extreme conditions (high temperatures and corrosive

atmospheres) is ever growing. Therefore, the goal of this study is to

achieve the optimal sensitivity towards humidity of different metal

oxide precipitated onto sepiolite which has a high specific surface

area ( inorganic clay), under basic conditions, such as (W4+, Co2+,

Cu2+, Gd3+, La3+, Mn2+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Sr2+, Y3+ and Zn2+).

The main advantages of metal oxide sensor include simple

construction, low cost, small size, high sensitivity and rapid

response. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) combined with

XRD, FTIR and FESEM were employed to study the compositional

and micro-structural modifications of sepiolite because of the

doping metal ions species. The sensor responses SR of the materials

have been studied by means of electrical resistance measurements,





using a laboratory apparatus by varying the relative humidity (RH).

It is found that it is possible to prepare by a simple, low cost

procedure of different metal oxides doped onto sepiolite grains

which able to detect quite low RH values and results showed that

tungsten doped onto sepiolite gave a significant response towards

humidity at room temperature starting from 40 % RH.





Synthesis of polyamide/graphene oxide composite

membranes for water desalination

Mohamed E. A. Alia, X. Feng

b

a) Desert Research Center

b) Waterloo university, Canada

Abstract

In this paper, thin film composite (TFC) membranes have been

prepared according to interfacial polymerization technique. To

overcome the problems of membrane sensitivity to chlorine and

bio-fouling, grapheme oxide (GO) which prepared according to

modified Hummer’s method has been added into the aqueous

solution in the interfacial process to prepare thin film composite/

grapheme oxide membranes (TFC/GO). The membranes

characterized by measuring the hydrophilicity which decreased

from 64o for neat membrane to 48o as a GO content increase in the

solution from 50 to 300 ppm. Also, the membranes were

characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results show that, the

highest water flux (29.22 LMH) was found with GO concentration

of 100 ppm with insignificant change in salt rejection (99.8 %). It is

found that TFC/GO membranes more stable at high pressure and

show limited sensitivity to chlorine and fouling properties than TFC

one.





Part III: Fisheries and Aquaculture

Transfer and establishment of a new concept for aquaponic

systems (“tomatofish”) to Egypt to contribute to food

security in the 21st century

Werner Kloasa,b

& Alaa Osmanc

a) Department of Ecophysiology & Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany b) Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany c) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Aquaculture is globally the fastest growing sector of

agriculture that needs to be sustainable and to meet also

bioeconomic demands. In principle, aquaponics, the combination of

aquaculture and horticulture within a single recirculation aquaponic

system (SRAPS), provides a sustainable approach but having low

productivity of both, fish and vegetables. The aim of our new

concept for aquaponics is to improve sustainability and productivity

concomitant with lowering environmental emissions. ASTAF-PRO

(aquaponic system for (nearly) emission free tomato and fish

production in greenhouses) is a new combination of systemic parts,

different from SRAPS, and constitutes of two independent

recirculating units, a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for





fish and a recirculating hydroponic unit for plants. Both systems are

connected by a one-way valve to launch nutrients containing fish

water into the hydroponic reservoir for optimization as fertilizer.

Thus our double recirculation aquaponic system (DRAPS) can set

up optimum conditions for both parts to increase productivity and to

prevent any adverse interactions between plant and fish units. The

water use is minimized by condensing the plant evapo-transpirated

water and returning it into the RAS. The testing of the ASTAF-PRO

prototype demonstrated successfully the proof of principle using a

combination of tilapia and tomato production (“tomatofish”).

Tilapia productivity was similar to single RAS while tomato

production at least indicated the potential for similar efficiency as

conventional hydroponics. Thus ASTAF-PRO as a new concept

improves sustainability and productivity with lowering

environmental emissions and might promote future application of

aquaponics for food security being the aim of the EU-project

INAPRO. The transfer of ASTAF-PRO to Egypt is the aim of a

joint project funded by Alexander-von Humboldt foundation

intensifying the already fruitful collaboration between Al-Azhar

University in Egypt and IGB in Germany and has three main

objectives: (1) Introduction of “aquaponic” in general; investigators

create University’s first aquaponic greenhouse in Egypt growing

both, vegetables and fish, for educational purposes. Growth





performance and health condition of fish in the ASTAF-PRO unit

are evaluated in comparison to classical pond rearing. (2) Growth

performance and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia fed by magmeal

diets as a cheaper protein diet alternative for fishmeal is evaluated

and potential impacts on plant performance within ASTAF-PRO are

studied. (3) Education and outreach deals with fostering

development of educational and research skills of the integrated

(doctoral and post-doctoral) junior researchers with regard to

publications and professional development. The integrated junior

researchers will advance their work through international

collaboration, and gain professional experience early in their

careers. The outcome and outreach of these three objectives is that

the proposed research and technology transfer assures that

information generated in this project is made available to other

researchers and the general public for securing food production in

Egypt by sustainable ecotechnology.





Alien Species Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean-

Egyptian coast

Prof. Dr. Alaa Eldin A. K. El-Haweet

Professor of fishery biology and management, Dean of College of Fisheries Technology and Aquaculture, Arab Academy for Science,

Technology & Maritime transport, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

Across the world, many species of plants, animals and even

micro-organisms have moved beyond their native range and habitat

only to become established in a completely new location.

As demand for trade, travel and transport has expanded all over the

world, the rate of intentional and unintentional introductions of new

species has risen exponentially in recent decades.

A strong knowledge base is essential for underpinning efficient and

scientifically justified decision-making. In general, the impact of

most alien species remains unknown, and the predictability of their

direct and indirect effects remains uncertain.The reported impact of

immigrant fish species is based on assumptions while the benefits

are largely economic.

The eastern Mediterranean Sea is characterized by low fish diversity

that could in part explain the success and the steady increase of

lessepsian migrants. The large number of exotic species in area may





have resulted from synergy between its geological history,

environmental factors and anthropogenic

Many factors influencing the success of the species with respect to

their migration, spreading and establishment, e.g. changes in the

environmental conditions (tropicalization of the Mediterranean) if

global warming was to affect the Mediterranean sea-water

temperature, then tropical invasive species would gain a distinct

advantage over the native fauna.

In the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, several immigrant species

have now become common in local fish landings and markets

offering potential commercial benefits.





Age, Growth and demographic structures of thorny

Flathead Rogadius asper, Cuvier, 1829 (Pieces:

Platycephalidae) from the coastal waters of the Suez Gulf

Manal M. Mahmoud Sabrah, Amal M. Amin

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt

Abstract

The age and growth of the Olive tail Rogadius asper exploited

by the demersal trawl fishery in the Gulf of Suez were investigated

during the fishing season 2014/2015. Ageing was done by sagittal

otoliths for a sample of 675 ranged from 9.2 to 25.9 cm in total

length (TL) with mean of 17.53 cm (S.D= 2.95. S.E= 0.16). The sex

ratio was skewed in favors of females (1.6:1), which tended to high

in number and bigger in size than males. The maximum investigated

age of females was 4 years and that of males was 3 years. The von

Bertalanffy growth parameters for both sexes were estimated as

L∞= 26.7 cm and K=0.49 year-1. According to gender the growth

was variable and significantly differed (P˂0.05=0.002). Females

attained a greater L∞= 27.3cm than males L∞=24 cm and males

displayed greater k values 0.59 year-1than that of females K=0.43

year-1. Fish of age groups 1 and 2 years were dominated the age

compositions of R. asper constituting 37.04 and 38.8 %

respectively. The estimated value of total mortality, natural





mortality and fishing mortality (pooled sexes) was: Z= 1.51, 0.58

and 0.93 year-1 respectively. It was indicated that the fishing

mortality was more than one third (37.6%) of the derived natural

mortality and exploitation rate was 0.62, indicating that the species

was heavily exploited. Although R. asper is not a target species of

commercial fisheries, it suffers high exploitation as part of the

bycatch for its suitable market price for insufficient income.





Spawn and early larval development of Spanish dancer

nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus (Rüppell and

Leuckart, 1828) (Gastropoda:Nudibranchia)

Dr. Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt

Abstract

Hexabranchus sanguineus, is best known as the Spanish Dancer,

was found predominantly on the shallow fringing reef platforms all

around Hurghada. Egg ribbons, fecundity and growth of larval

stages of four specimens of H. sanguineus were studied in the

laboratory. It lays a rose shape egg ribbons, attached to a suitable

hard substrate, varied in lengths and breadths. The egg ribbons

lengths ranged from 19.68 to 20.28 mm. Eggs are clustered together

in clear and transparent spawn jelly capsules. Eggs are spherical in

shape, with 100-113 microns in diameter. The number of eggs in the

capsules was not the same in all ribbons, ranged between 8-34

eggs/capsule. The estimated total fecundity of H. sanguineus ranged

from 1 5x106 to 3 6x106 eggs. The small, translucent, slow rotary

movement trochophore larva was developed within capsules on the

6th day and reached 120-150 µm. The active mobile veliger larvae

were released successively into the surrounding medium like red

fumes, with 150-190 µm from 8-9 days. The shell possesses only a

single spire. It measures 170-200 µm in length and 130-150 µm in

height.





Stock status of puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus

(Gmelin, 1789) along the Egyptian coast, eastern

Mediterranean Sea

Mahmoud M. S. Farraga, Alaa Eldin A. K. Elhaweet

b, El-Sayed Kh. A.

Akel and Mohsen A. Moustafaa

a) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Egypt b) Professor of fishery biology and management, Dean of College of Fisheries Technology and Aquaculture, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime transport, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

Stock of puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus in the Egyptian

Mediterranean waters was evaluated. Specimens were collected

monthly from commercial fishing boats at different landing sites

along the Egyptian coast (from Al-Arish to Al-Sallum) during 2012.

Samples were ranged from 5 to 83 cm in length with an average 43

Cm where males ranged from 13 to 83 cm with an average 45.19

cm. while female ranged from 9 to 76 cm with an average 42. The

exponent "b" of length-weight relationship was slightly less than (3)

giving a negative allometric mode of growth with insignificant

difference between males and females at (P > 0.05). The highest

value of condition value (1.13) was recorded in immature smaller

fishes while the lowest values 0.86 were recorded for largest

female individual. Moreover the annual average for the population





was about 0.97. Age of L. sceleratus was determined by length

frequency analysis and reading of vertebrae. Both methods revealed

seven years with no significance difference between lengths at age

values at (P > 0.05). However the estimated growth parameters (L∞

K andt0) from the results of both methods were different. For length

frequency analysis the parameters were 106.34 cm, 0.17 year-1,

0.0228 year respectively, while they were 101.63cm, 0.189 year-1

0.1186 year respectively for the resultsof vertebrae method. Length

frequency analysis results were used to estimate the population

parameters, total mortality (Z) was estimated as (1.01 year -1),

while natural mortality (M) as 0.347 year-1,fishing mortality (F) as

0.663 year -1and the exploitation ratio (E) as 0.657. Moreover, the

length at first capture Lc was estimated as 32.34cm and length at

recruitment (Lr) was 25.95cm.Yield and biomass per recruit at

present F were estimated as 423.72 & 2087.31g respectively. The

value of the yield per recruit (467.42g) at Fmax was higher than that

obtained at present fishing mortality and at F0.1, i.e.

over-exploitation level at the present level of fishing mortality.

Although the fishing of Puffer fish is prohibited by the Egyptian

law, its stock in the eastern Mediterranean is overexploited but still

growing well and the younger individuals are in good condition.





Ecological studies on zooplankton communities located off

Megacities of the Red Sea, Egypt

Dr Aldoushy Abdelkarim Ahmed Mahdy

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut

Branch), Egypt

Abstract

Climate change is expected to profoundly affect not only

temperature but also net precipitation and water levels, particularly

in the Mediterranean region. The zooplankton samples were

collected from the five Megacities along The Red Sea of Egypt (Ras

Gharib, Hurghada, Safaga, Al-Qusayer, and Marsa). Results showed

the expected relationship between organisms and affected sites. In

comparison with each other sites according to quantitative and

qualitative occurrence of zooplankton Ras Gharib and Safaga

showed irregular distribution predominant of some orgs only in

number but low biodiversity. But Hurghada and Al-Qusayer showed

more equilibrated distribution than two mentioned sites but some

species still affected at quantities occurrence but positive good

qualitative. In Hurghada observed corals inhibiting sea grass and

algae with rare case of adaptation.

Marsa Alam is a virgin site showed great zooplankton abundance

than the other sites. We can make it as a control sites because less

pollution was notes in this sites. the results support this opinion, the





large diversity of other taxa only found there mostly all taxa

founded.

Polluted and affected places from higher to lower as following: Ras

Gharib, Safaga, Hurghada, Al-Qusayer, Marsa Alam. Large

increase of some plankton species may be related to thar some

plankton adapted to life in high organic polluted areas. We conclude

that some approach like environmental impact assessment should be

taking to evaluate and sustainable the Red Sea recourse in the

collected site. Finally, compared the long term record of

zooplankton with the recent data will be the next step of the

approach.





Phenotypic differentiation of the Red Sea gastropods in

response to the environmental deterioration: Geometric

morphometric approach

Dr. Ahmed Awad Abdelhady

Minia Univeristy, Minia, Egypt

Abstract

Two-gastropod genera encompassing Echinolittorina

subnodosa and Planaxis sulcatus from three different localities on

the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea were examined in order to deduce

the impact of environmental deterioration on the morphology of the

gastropod shells. The examined sites include pristine, slightly

polluted, and markedly polluted rocky shores. Phosphate/lead

industry is the main source of pollution in this zone. Because

landmarks on the rugose Echinolittorina are difficult to define and

to ensure finer resolution of the analyses, a newly 'grid-based'

landmarks was implemented. Both Canonical variate analysis

(CVA) and Thin Plate Spline (TPS) were particularly capable to

capture and terrace the minor morphological variations accurately.

Two phenotypes portioned among the environmentally different

populations were recognized and interpreted as ecotypes with many

intermediate forms. The first ecotype has a higher spire and smaller

aperture and dominating the pristine site North of Marsa Alam,

whereas the second ecotype has a globular shell shape with big





aperture and dominating the markedly polluted site. The

intermediate forms dominating the slightly polluted site. The shape

differences are interpreted as an adaptive differentiation to different

metal concentrations. As the morphological variation between the

two-ecotypes of both taxa is still minors, and both ecotypes occur

together with many intermediate forms, the phenotypic divergence

stage has not yet accomplished. The gradational shape change

among the investigated populations was positively correlated with

index of Pollution (IP). As the human activities were the main

driver of the phenotypic changes, hence anthropogenic impact may

shift the evolution and/or the extinction rates.





Taxonomical studies on the vermetid mollusk Ceraesignum

maximum inhabiting Red-Sea coast of Egypt.

Ahmad Hamed Obuid-Allah, Ali G. GadEl- Raba and Alhussin

Mohamed Abdelhakeema

a) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut,

Egypt

Abstract

Family Vermetidae comprises at least 160 extant species of

sessile, irregularly coiled marine snails found in warm temperate

and tropical oceans; with worldwide distribution. Its taxonomy

remains in a state of flux, despite two centuries of malacological

studies. Little is known about the biology, ecology and anatomy of

this family. The importance of vermetid reefs is due to their highly

biodiversity and biogenic constructions. In some cases structurally

comparable to coralline reefs in tropical seas and plays an important

role in the protection of shore from erosion. On the other hand they

have deleterious effect on coral growth and survival.

To the best of the present authors` knowledge and as far as can be

ascertained, no previous taxonomic studies on family Vermetidae

inhabiting Red Sea coast of Egypt was carried out although species

belonging to this family were collected during several collections.

So, the present study was designed to carry out taxonomical studies

on this family as a first step to fulfill this gap. It was designed to





identify the vermetid species depending on its morphological,

anatomical and molecular studies.

To achieve the above mentioned goal of the study, specimens

belonging to vermetid family were collected from three different

sites distributed on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. The study revealed

that the collected specimens belong to one species namely:

Ceraesignum maximum which was previously described as a new

species by Golding et al. (2014). The species was firstly assigned to

genus Dendropoma as Dendropoma maxima. Golding et al. (2014)

established a new genus namely Ceraesignum to include the two

new species C. maximum and C. robinsoncrusoei. The present

study was focused on the external morphology and anatomy of the

investigated species. It included several morphometric characters of

both male and female. Anatomy of the species including digestive

and reproductive systems were carried out. Illustrations of the

species included several drawings, photographs and histological

sections. To confirm identification of the investigated species 28S

rRNA gene was used. Protein analysis was used to be sure that the

studied specimens belong to the same species.







Hamdy A. H. Alya, Somaya E. Dawah; AM Othman; Nashwa MH Rizk

a) Sadat city University

Abstract

Tributyltin (TBT) used as a biocide to prevent fouling, TBT has

been banned as a results of its toxicity, that cause risks for humans

and nonhuman organisms. A bacteria isolated from Surface water

samples collected from the Mediterranean Sea in Abu Qir port,

Alexandria, Egypt, showed resistance and degradation capability of

TBT up to 3 mM .The growth rates and biodegradation ability were

investigated in minimal media supplemented with TBT. The new

isolate was identified by 16S rRNA as Stenotrophomonas sp strain

HS2, Phylogenetic analysis indicated that our isolate has 99

sequence similarity with most closely related organism

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga strain LPM-5 in the GenBank,

which is EDTA-degrading bacterium, and 98% with

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia which is monocyclic hydrocarbon

degrading bacterium. Stenotrophomonas sp strain HS2 considered

as the only reported strain from genus Stenotrophomonas that can

resist and degrade TBT. This finding may be necessary in order to

estimate the true potential of this strain to be applied in the

remediation of TBT.





Isolation of Oreochromis niloticus intestinal microbiota

and their use as beneficial antagonistic probiotic bacteria.

Rasha M Reda, Hassanin M E, Khaled M Selim, El-Hady M A

Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to isolate beneficent probiotic

bacteria from Oreochromis niloticus gut which have antagonistic

effects for fish pathogens. A total of 120 apparently diseased

Oreochromis niloticus were used to isolate the most pathogenic

bacteria in fish farms. Fifty apparently healthy Oreochromis

niloticus fingerlings, (average body weight, 30.56 ± 0.22g, mean ±

SE) were used for bacterial isolation from the gut. Further 108 fish

were used to assess the safety use of isolated bacteria as probiotic.

One hundred thirty types of bacteria were isolated from the gut of

fish, nine out of them showed inhibitory effects against the common

isolated pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and Staph aureus) in vitro and be safe when injected

intra protenium.





Seasonal variations of some physiological parameters

correlated with the reproductive cycle of Solea aegyptiaca

From Lake Qarun, Egypt

Abd El Baset M.A. Abd El Reheem, Mohsen A. Moustafa; Alaa G. M.

Osman and Alaa M.H. El-Bitar

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut,

Egypt

Abstract

In the context of an exhaustive study of the Sole fish Solea

aegyptiaca, we performed an in-depth analysis of the changes of

some physiological parameters that can be detected during the

reproductive cycle, using spectrometry and ELISA techniques. We

clearly demonstrated that, serum physiological parameters were

significant differences in females and male throughout the year in

relation to the reproductive cycle. For Acid phosphatases the results

showed significant decrease during spawning season in female and

male fishes. While the alkaline phosphatase and total protein,

showed a highly significant increase in both male and females.

Moreover, the results demonstrated that there was a highly

significant increase (P<0.01) in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and

Calcium during the spawning season in female fishes and in male

fishes showed significant decrease only in serum triglyceride levels

during the spawning stage. With a view to an extensive analysis of





these physiological activities, we further performed a comparative

study by checking the thyroid hormones during the annual

reproductive cycle to obtain the broadest data set of this study. The

data indicated that Triiodothyronine (T3) and Tetraiodothyronine

(T4) are significantly increased during spawning season in both

male and female. With regards to the current knowledge of the

effect of the reproductive cycle on the physiological parameters, our

results emphasize that, these physiological parameters play major

role in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development,

sexual maturation and breeding cycle.





Part IV: Basic and Applied Zoology

Two physiological switches for contradicting phenotypes in

polyphenism and polyethism under stress and non-stress

conditions in insects.

Prof. Dr. Makio Takeda

Kobe University Japan

Abstract

Genome projects have undoubtedly provided us,

physiologistswith multiple accessibility to hidden regulatory

mechanisms underlying complicated physiological or behavioral

adaptations. However, compiling information only on genes

involved in such mechanisms does not suffice to comprehensive

understanding on the regulatory mechanism. Physiological approach

is here again demanded. I will discuss two such systems: one

includes indolamine metabolic pathway that relays

the environmental conditions to endocrine systems and the other

peptide interactions based on the nutritional conditions. These are

relatively simple systems but can regulate rather global phenomena,

phoroperiodism, polyethism and digestion/starvation.

1)Photoperiodism has been known to scientific community since

early 1950's where organisms can adjust their developmental

program by using day-length as a token of seasonal changes. Very





often animals and plants undergo developmental arrest before

stressful seasons arrive. Scientists have speculated that

photoperiodism is a function of circadian system but concrete

mechanism has not shown its figure.Since 1980's on, however,

molecular biology of circadian rhythms have advanced and basic

structures and genes involved have surfaced. I focus on indolamine

pathway starting with serotonin, a representative neurotransmitter

that can be converted to a neurosecretory element melatonin. These

amines are in Yin/Yang relationship regulated by arylalkylamine N-

acetyltransferase(s)(aaNATs).In insect system multiple NATs exist

in a variety of tissues regulating a variety of functions such as

cuticular formation, neurotransmitter detoxification, cell

cycle regulation, vitellogenesis, circadian rhythm regulation etc. We

recently successfully employed RNA interfereance against aaNAT

transcript in Antheraeaea pernyi to show that aaNAT gene

transcription is under the regulation of circadian transcription

regulators Cyc/Clk and the knock out of this gene and these

regulators dysfunctioned photoperiodism.On the other hand, RNAi

against negative regulator Period enhanced transcription of NAT

gene. The Yin/Yang figure of diapause termination is diapause

induction and Most easily expected is the involvement of serotonin

mechanism. One form of the two serotonin receptors we clone

responded to long day activation and when we knocked out this





function, short day cannot maintain diapause. Diapause induction

and termination are contracictory phenotypes and the switch

between the two is regulated by aaNAT that controls a relative

balance of serotonin to melatonin or vice versa that affects

phenotype expression. A similar switch operates the conversion of

labor in worker honey bees that depends on the age. Two

phenotypes, nurses and foragers appear based on the relative

abundance of serotonin and melatonin:royal jelly production is a

culmination of nurse bee labor that depends on serotonin and

serotonin receptor, while foraging behaviors depend on melatonin

and melatonin receptor. 2) The second mechanism is interaction of

two peptides CCAP and short neuropeptide F (sNPF). There

peptides are distributed both in the brain, stomatogastric nervous

syetem and midgut epthelium in the cockroach, Periplaneta

americana. When roaches feed, CCAP is upregulated both in the

brain and midgut while sNPF is down-regulated.The reverse is true

when roahces are get starved.This is again overturned when the

starved roaches encoutered with food and refed. Employing

decapitation, ligation and injection of nutrients and peptides, we

figured out that food was sensed by the midgut and a small amount

of CCAP is released to the hemolymph and within the epithelium.

This mobilizes the release of digestive enzymes from enterocytes

and release a secretion of a big dose of CCAP from the brain, which





in turn stimulates a large release of digestive enzyme form

enterocytes. This constitutes a positive feedback loop. The

colocalization pattern of the two peptides was investigated but this

showed an unexpected fact that the two peptides reside in the

identical neurons and paraneurons in the midgut.This constitutes a

negative feedback loop and the switch is an autocrine one. The

brain and gut interplay depending on the nutritional condition. Not

only the brain participates in gut functions but the gut also does the

same for brain functions, since locomotor activity is affected by the

nutritional condition: hunger drove the roaches to run and feeding

drove them to sleep. CCAP injected to hungry roahces let them

sleep and sNPF injection to fed roahces drove them to run for food.

In conclusion the genome information provides physiologists a

powerful holding for physiological operations including RNAi.

Employing histochmistry, qPCR, RNAi as well as surgical

operations physiologists will enjoy their time for a while.





Therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of snake

venoms-loaded silica nanoparticles in the treatment of

cancer cells

Assoc. Prof. Gamal Badr

Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

The treatment of drug-resistant cancer is a clinical challenge,

and thus screening for novel anticancer drugs is critically important.

We previously demonstrated a strong enhancement of the antitumor

activity of snake (Walterinnesia aegyptia) venom (WEV) in vitro in

breast carcinoma, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma cell lines

but not in normal cells when the venom was combined with silica

nanoparticles (WEV+NP). We, then, investigated the in vivo

therapeutic efficacy of WEV+NP in breast cancer- and prostate

cancer-and bearing experimental mouse models. Xenograft breast

and prostate tumor mice models were randomized into 4 groups for

each cancer model (10 mice per group) and were treated with

vehicle (control), NP, WEV or WEV+NP daily for 28 days post

tumor inoculation. The tumor volumes were monitored throughout

the experiment. On day 28 post tumor inoculation, breast and

prostate tumor cells were collected and either directly cultured for

flow cytometry analysis or lysed for Western blot and ELISA

analysis. Treatment with WEV+NP or WEV alone significantly





reduced both breast and prostate tumor volumes compared to

treatment with NP or vehicle alone. Compared to treatment with

WEV alone, treatment of breast and prostate cancer cells with

WEV+NP induced marked elevations in the levels of reactive

oxygen species (ROS), hydroperoxide and nitric oxide; robust

reductions in the levels of the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10,

CXCL12, CXCL13 and CXCL16 and decreased surface expression

of their cognate chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5

and CXCR6; and subsequent reductions in the chemokine-

dependent migration of both breast and prostate cancer cells.

Furthermore, we found that WEV+NP strongly inhibited insulin-

like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-

mediated proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cells,

respectively, and enhanced the induction of apoptosis by increasing

the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in both breast and prostate

cancer cells. In addition, treatment of breast and prostate cancer

cells with WEV+NP or WEV alone revealed that the combination

of WEV with NP robustly decreased the phosphorylation of AKT,

ERK and IκBα; decreased the expression of cyclin D1, survivin and

the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1;

markedly increased the expression of cyclin B1 and the pro-

apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak, Bax and Bim; altered the

mitochondrial membrane potential; and subsequently sensitized





tumor cells to growth arrest. Our data reveal the therapeutic

potential of the nanoparticle-sustained delivery of snake venom

against different cancer cell types.





Effect of curcumin on immune cells in tumor bearing mice

during chemotherapy

Mr. Hussam Askar Mohamad


Egypt

Abstract

Cancer is a hyper proliferative disorder that is usually treated

with chemotherapeutic agents that are toxic not only to tumor cells

but also to normal cells and exhibit deleterious effects on immune

cells, producing major side effects.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on the

antitumor activity and toxicity of cyclo¬phosphamide (CTX) in

tumor bearing mice.

Methods: In our model system we used Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma

cells grown in peritoneal cavity of female Swiss albino mice that

were treated with CTX (4 mg/kg) alone, Curcumin (100mg/kg) in

combination with CTX (4 mg/kg) or Curcumin (100 mg/kg) alone,

respectively.

Results: The group injected with curcumin alone exhibited a

significant decrease in tumor cell number compared to CTX group.

Furthermore, The group treated with curcumin and CTX together

showed higher effects than those treatment with a curcumin alone or

CTX alone. Moreover, CTX-induced depletion of immune cell





number of the host, as was evidenced from the decrease absolute

number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood (PBL), in the spleen,

and in bone marrow (BM). The absolute numbers, CD11b+ and

Ly6G+ myeloid cells also decreased, was reinstated by curcumin.

curcumin may be a benefi¬cial supplement during CTX

chemotherapy for enhancing the antitumor efficacy and reducing

the toxicity of CTX.

Conclusion: The ability of curcumin to regress tumor as well as to

protect the host from tumor-induced immunosuppression and

toxicity strongly supports the candidacy of curcumin as a potential

agent for therapy of cancer.





Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and Corazonin

(Crz) as putative circadian clock output signals in the

central nervous system of the terrestrial isopod,

Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille)

Maged Mohamed Ali Fouda, Moustafa M. H. Sarhan


Egypt

Abstract

Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)- and corazonin

(Crz)-like immunohistochemical reactivity (CCAP-ir and Crz-ir)

occurred in small sets of neurons in the cephalic ganglia of the

isopod, Armadillidium vulgare. The distribution patterns of both

reacitivities were similar in the optic lobe (OL), protocerebrum

(PC), tritocerebrum (TC) and suboesophageal mass (SM). Also,

these reactivates were co-localized with circadian clock related gene

products (CYC and CLK) in the OL and SM; 5 CCAP-ir cells

occurred in each OL, weak signals in the pseudofrontal organ

(PFO), 2 cells in the PC, one cell in the accessory lobe (AL), a pair

of cells in the TC and 10 cells in the SM, while Crz-ir occurred in

OL, 12 cells in each lobe. PFO was strongly stained, one cell in PC,

pair of cells in TC and 2 pairs of cells in SM one on each side.

Double-labeling experiments also showed that some of the detected

cells reacted with clock proteins, cycle (CYC) and clock (CLK).





They were colocalized with both CCAP-ir and Crz-ir in OL, PFO

and the cells of mandibular ganglion (CMD). No difference was

found in number, distribution, or staining intensity of CCAP-ir or

Crz-ir between males and females. The distribution of cells, the

projection of immunoreactive fibers to several brain regions, the

stomatogastric nervous system and the neurohaemal organs

indicated multiple functions of the respective hormones.





A KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPIDERS AT QENA

GOVERNORATE, EGYPT

Ahmad H. Obuid-Allah, Amal A. Mahmouda, ElAmier H. M. Hussien

a

a) South Valley University - Faculty of Science

Abstract

Spiders are one of the more diverse arthropod taxa, ranking

seventh in global diversity, which makes them a fascinating group

to study (Coddington and Levi 1991). The correct identification of

many spider species is still problematic due to complex variation in

morphology (Barrett and Hebert, 2005). The Egyptian spider fauna

still incompletely known due to scarcity of studies on this group

especially in Upper Egypt. So, the present study was conducted to

make a scientific key for identification of spiders at Qena

Governorate. Samples of spiders were collected during a period of

one year (from February, 2012 till January, 2013) from six different

sites covering Qena governorate. Qena (15-260 N, 32-500 E) is

located in Upper Egypt about 600 Km south of Cairo and 60 Km

north of Luxor and 260 Km west of the Red Sea. Climate of Qena is

very hot dry in summer and cold in winter. It rarely rains. Also, it

receives a large quantity of solar radiation; especially in summer

(El-Noby, 2006). Sampling methods of spiders included hand

picking, sweep net and pitfall trap. Survey results revealed the





occurrences of 1247 specimens belonging to 14 families that

included 23 genera and 23species. A key for the collected families

was constructed and illustrated for the important taxonomic

characteristics of each species.





Effect of Magnetic Field from Mobile Phone on Brain

Mr. Esmail Abdo Mohammed Ali

University of science and Technology, Yemen

Abstract

Human exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) comes from

many different sources and occurs in various situations in everyday

life. Man-made static fields are mainly found in occupational

settings, such as close to MRI scanners, although DC high-voltage

overhead transmission lines are being constructed, which are

expected to expose larger parts of the population to static electric

and magnetic fields.

Today, for power regulation most modern electrical equipment uses

electronics instead of transformers. Examples include the switched

power supplies to laptops, drilling tools, chargers of mobile phones

and similar devices. As a consequence, the frequency content of the

daily magnetic field exposure has changed mainly by adding odd

harmonics (150 Hz, 250 Hz, 750 Hz, etc.). In particular, the third

harmonic (150 Hz) has become another dominating frequency in

our environment.

In particular for brain tissues, the mobile phone used at the ear

remains the main source of exposure. However, since the first

generation of mobile telephony, the technology aimed at reducing

the emitted power of mobile handsets. In particular, for Global





System for Mobile communication (GSM) already the introduction

of dynamic power control reduced the average output power to

about 50% of its rated value during calls, whereas the use of

discontinuous transmission during voice calls gave a further 30

reduction in average emitted power. Adaptive power control

became faster and more effective in the third-generation (3G) of

mobile telephony systems leading to a further reduction (by about

two orders of magnitude) in the specific absorption Specific energy

Absorption Rate (SAR) compared to GSM phones. In addition,

hands-free kits reduce the energy absorbed by the head drastically.

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) phones

are another source of everyday exposure.





Blood metal concentrations of Oreochromis niloticus

niloticus and Clarias gariepinus as biomarkers of metal

pollution in the River Nile

Khaled Y. AbouelFadla; Alaa G. M. Osman

b; Walid Aly

c; Abd-El-Baset

M. Abd El Reheemb; Usama M. Mahmoud

d; Mohsen A. Moustafa

b

a) Department of Fisheries , Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology,

Aswan University

b) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut

Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt.

c) Fisheries Biology Lab, Fisheries Department, National Institute of

Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt.

d) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University

Abstract

A combination of biological monitoring (Biomonitoring) and

measurements of water and sediment quality can provide a good

indication of conditions and potential risks to any water body,

which is an essential step in the development of efficient decision

support tools for environmental managers. This study was carried

out to investigate the possibility of using blood metal concentrations

of two fish species Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and Clarias

gariepinus as biomarkers of metal pollution, for the first time, to

evaluate the health of the River Nile environment. Water, sediment

and fish samples were collected seasonally from eighteen different

sampling points from different sites (three points form each site)

along the whole course of the River Nile in Egypt. The results





showed that the mean concentrations of all the detected metals were

significantly (P<0.05) higher in the blood of fish collected from

polluted sites and that Pb and Cd in blood serum collected from O.

niloticus were significantly correlated (P<0.05) with corresponding

metals in water and sediment samples collected from same sites.

Likewise, Pb in in blood serum collected from Clarias gariepinus

was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with corresponding Pb in

water and sediment samples collected from same sites, while Cr and

Zn were significantly correlated in only sediment collected from

same study sites. These results indicate that blood metal

concentrations of selected species are adequate biomarkers of metal

pollution and could be included in monitoring programmes to

indicate the response of such animals to metal pollution.





Biochemical and histopathological alteration in liver of the

Egyptian toad Amietophrynus regularis , as biomarker

response to water quality deterioration at different

localities along the river Nile, Egypt.

Dr. Rashad El-Sayed Mohammed Said


Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Based on the local previous toxicological studies dealt with

aquatic fauna in Egypt, to date, studies characterizing terrestrial

stage amphibian exposure and uptake of metal from surroundings

remain scarce or may lacked, consequently , little is known about

how contaminants affect amphibians at the population level. The

common Egyptian toad Amietophrynus regularis was collected from

different localities on the river Nile. The aim of our study was to

relate biomarker responses in this specie to a pollution gradient

caused by domestic discharges and heavy metals and to verify the

adequacy of the studied animals as appropriate biomonitors in their

habitat. The biomarker selected was seven heavy metals in relevant

to their accumulation in liver; the results of this study revealed that

deterioration of natural habitat of selected amphibian produced

manifested biochemical and histopathological Changes in the liver.





Posters Session





Age growth of bulinedea species in suez canal

Assoc. Prof. Amal Mohamed Mahmoud Amin, Dr. Manal Sabrah

National Institute of Oceanograpy and Fisheries, Suez, Egypt.

Abstract

Determination age, length weight and a basic parameter for

management belonidea species in Suez canal.





Phylogenetic relationship among Acanthodactylus species

(Reptilia: Lacertidae) in Egypt based on mitochondrial 12s

rRNA Sequences

Moustafa Sarhan, Mohamed El-shehaby and Samy Saber and Islam S. E.

Mohammed

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Acanthodactylus is a genus of lacertid lizard, commonly

referred to as fringe-fingered lizards or fringe-toed lizards. The

systematics of the genus Acanthodactylus was classically based on

external morphological traits, osteological characters and

morphology of the hemipenes. Although the identification of

species complexes is relatively easy, the distinction within some

groups is difficult due to a high variability of the external

morphology. In the current study, partial sequences of

mitochondrial 12s rRNA genes were used to estimate the

relationships of three lacertide species from Egypt; Acanthodactylus

boskianus, Acanthodactylus scutellatus and Acanthodactylus

longipes. These data were used together with morphological

information, to estimate the relationships within these species. DNA

was extracted from the collected specimens, 400 bp fragment of

mitochondrial 12s rRNA was amplified using specific primers and

sequenced. The obtained sequences were analyzed using Mega 6





software and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results of

analysis revealed that, A. scutellatus and A. longipes forming one

clade with 99% similarity, while A. boskianus constitutes a separate

clade. Additionally, the resultant tree based on DNA sequence data

has similarities to that produced from a differentially weighted data

set of morphological characters. Moreover, combined analysis of

molecular and morphological data sets produces the same tree

topology as DNA sequence alone. In conclusion, molecular data

provide independent evidence that the differential weighting of

morphological characters in past analyses was appropriate.





Extraction of genomic DNA from formalin fixed animal tissues

Dr. Mustafa Sarhan and Mr. Mohammed Rabey Sayed Ahmed

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

Museum specimens are generally preserved for public viewing

or as academic models, but they can be a good source of genomic

DNA, especially in the case of wild animals or animals that in threat

of extinction or not present on its normal habit or geographical

distribution is changed In the current study, we evaluated the

usefulness of one such protocol described by France & Kocher

(1996) with little modifications, in isolation of DNA from museum

specimens of Acanthodactylus boscianus that were collected from

different places from Egypt. Formalin fixed tissues were used as a

source of DNA. Approximately 100mg or more of different types of

tissue like tail, leg, lung, liver and heart weighed and used for DNA

extraction. The Universal primers of 12S rRNA gene of genomic

DNA were used for PCR amplification of the isolated DNA. All the

samples subjected for DNA isolation yielded varying amount of

DNA by using the current protocol. There was red/ brown

discolouration of some DNA pellets as well as smearing in 1.5% gel

but that did not affected the PCR amplification. We were able to

amplify the 12s rRNA region in all species, the size of PCR product

ranged from 500 to 550 bp.





Identification of Molecular Biomarkers for Early Detection

of Bladder cancer

Hamdy A. M. Alya, Hosny M. A. Behnsawy

b, Ahmed Moeen

b, Diaa A.

Hameedb, Mohsen A. Mostafa

a and Moustafa M. H. Sarhan

a

a) Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut.

b) Urology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

Abstract

Cancer is not a disease of a certain organ, but is a system of

diseases, which can influences any part of the human organism and

develop there. Bladder cancer is the second most common

malignancy of the genitourinary tract in men in Egypt. To help

reduce the burden of bladder cancer in Egypt new biomarkers

should be adopted to help screening, early detection and diagnosis.

This study is proposed to evaluate Cell free DNA (cf-DNA) as a

non-invasive, rapid and sensitive tool for molecular diagnosis and

monitoring of acute pathologies. Cf- DNA is present in small

amounts in the plasma and other body fluids of healthy individuals.

However, increased levels of plasma cf-DNA have been reported in

a number of clinical disorders and especially in cancer. Cancer

patients diagnosed and confirmed in Urology of Egypt are classified

according to age, sex, chemotherapy and any other important factors

may affect directly the blood constituents. A control group of

matched healthy individuals is included from the general





community, ensuring similarities of their basic confounding factors.

Blood samples are taken from those individuals who had consented

to ethically approve blood collection. QIAamp DNA Blood Mini

Kit (Qiagen, MD) is used to extract cf-DNA from blood plasma and

serum. Quantity of total DNA in samples is measured using

”Nanodrop”. Quantification of cf-DNA (β-globin) is performed

again using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) with

SYBR Green I (Applied Biosystem 7500). Results indicated that the

predictive accuracy of Cf-DNA levels for the detection of bladder

cancer is limited. At the protein level, Qualitative analysis of

Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained proteins separated by SDS-PAGE

in serum and urine of patient and control groups to detect some

novel proteins was carried out. Results indicated that some specific

proteins present in patient not in control which could possibly serve

as markers for cancer detection





Age and growth of the areolate grouper Epinephelus

areolatus from the Gulf of Suez

Azza M. A. Al ganainya, Alaa G. M. Osman

b and Ezzat M. Abd Allah

b

a) National Institute of Oceanograpy and Fisheries

b) Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut

Abstract

Age and growth of the associated coral reef grouper,

Epinephelus areolatus, were estimated for samples collected from

the artisanal fishery in the Gulf of Suez during November 2013 and

October 2014. Otoliths of 597 specimens ranged in length from 11.2

to 50.5 cm were used in age determination. The otoliths showed

alternating opaque (light) and translucent zones when seen by

reflected light against a dark background, a translu-cent zone plus

the opaque zone immediately around it formed an annulus.

According to the otolith examination, the maximum life span of E

areolatus was eight years with mean lengths of 16.9, 24, 29.9, 35.7,

39.7, 43.4, 46.6 and 49.7 cm for the age groups from one to eight

respectively.

Individuals belong to age group two constituted the bulk of the

catch with more than 60% of the population. The results showed

that the E. areolatus is a relatively slow growing species and the von

Bertalanffy growth curve describing the species growth was Lt =





66.55 [1 – e –0.154 (t+0.91)]. The estimated growth performance

index is 2.83. The length weight relationship was estimated as W=

0.0135L2.9947 , r2 =0.981 indicating an isometric growth of the

weight relative to the length.





Applying a new age estimation method of Mediterranean

hake Merluccius merluccius

Khaled Y. AbouelFadla, Walid aly, Ayman Ahmed and Sergio vetile

a) Aswan University, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology

Abstract

Individual fish age data are crucial to fish stock assessment, so

their accuracy and precision are vital. The acquisition of age data

most often relies on interpreting fish otoliths, a complex task in

which expert subjectivity increases with the complexity of the

structural patterns of the otoliths. A new quantitative method based

on the evaluation of otolith similarity in terms of structural patterns

was presented in 2007 to investigate this issue in hake, Merluccius

merluccius. In this study , this method was applied to a set of

Mediterranean hake otoliths which discriminates three types of

macrostructure, one likely associated with fish responses to

environmental or endogenous factors, and the other two meaningful

at a population or group level. Comparisons of structural patterns

based on the proposed structural similarity measure over four

successive survey cruises support the assumption that otolith

patterns are stable over time and the results bring new evidence that

hake otolith patterns are not random and may be relevant to age

estimation and applying this new method decreases individual

subjectivity significantly.





Evaluation of growth performance and feed conversion

ratio (FCR) of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

Fed Piophila casei Maggot Meal (Magmeal) Diets

Ahmed E. Ali, Mohamed I. Mekhamar, Ali G. Gadel-Rab and Alaa G.

M. Osman

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524 Assiut,

Egypt.

Abstract

A relatively new approach is the use of insects as a source of

animal protein in fish nutrition. Housefly's larvae utilise decaying

organic waste to produce animal protein and the larvae can be used

to produce a meal (magmeal). Interestingly study of the use of

magmeal as substitute for fish meal in fish diets have increased in

recent times. In the present work, a feeding trial was conducted to

evaluate the potential of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) as a

protein source for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus). The

results of the present study revealed that all the experimental diets

were accepted by O. niloticus niloticus. This implies that the

different experimental feed ingredients did not affect the palatability

of the diets. The good overall growth performances and no mortality

obtained in both experimental group of this study confirm the

suitability of chosen nutritional composition for tilapia. FCR values

below 1 have been reported here, indicating the most efficient





utilisation of food by Oreochromis niloticus niloticus. The fish fed

on maggot diet exhibited a higher K value compared to those fed on

commercial diet. The results suggested that dietary maggot meal

promoted the growth of Nile tilapia and enhanced nutrient

utilization which is reflected in improved length gain, weight gain,

FCR, and SGR. Progressive increment in length gain, weight gain

and SGR were observed in maggot meal based diet, recording better

growth than commercial based diet, concluding that maggot diet has

the best performance. Based on the result obtained from the

experiment, it is hereby recommended that 100% maggot meal can

be included in the diet of O. niloticus nilotcus to reduce cost and

maximize profit.





Embryonic developmental study of the neurocranium of

the 55 mm. total body length embryo of Halcyon

smyrnensis smyrnensis

Salwa I. Abd El-Hady, Abd El-Rahim A. El-Shater , Mohammed H. I. Alia

a) South Valley University, South Valley, Egypt

Abstract

This work involves a detailed description of the

developmental processes occurring in the pre-hatching 55 mm. total

body length embryo (the optimum stage) neurocranium of Halcyon

smyrnensis smyrnensis. The obtained results disclose a lot of

significant facts. Noticeable growth of the interorbital septum

especially its posterior growth which makes it close to the posterior

orbital cartilage that reduces the incisura optica. The nasal septum is

well chondrified except in the region of the craniofacial fenestra

where a resorption process of the cartilage material occurs. Another

cartilage resorption occurs through the Fenestra septi interorbitalis

as it is a big oval cavity in the interorbital septum. No evidence for

the presence of fenestra septi nasi. A dorsal extension of the

intertrabecular bar occurs to form the nasal septum firstly and then

the interorbital septum latter. Three conchae were observed in this

stage, atrioturbinal cartilage, maxilloturbinal cartilage with its two

secondary lamellae and concha nasalis. Both the atrioturbinal and

maxilloturbinal cartilage develops from the ventral surface of the





parietotectal cartilage. The anterior orbital cartilage is completely

absent owing to the well improved eye capsule that is not in a need

for extra protection. No kind of connection between the two

occipital arches of the cranium to form the tectum synoticum as the

latter has an otic origin. The tectum synoticum is established as a

result of the attachment occurring between the posterior courses of

the two canalicular portions of the auditory capsule. Two different

centers of chondrification for the metotic cartilage are represented

in its antero-dorsal and antero-ventral processes. A lateral

connection between the prominentia semicircularis lateralis and the

metotic cartilage is established via a short cartilaginous rod

resulting in the formation of a large cavum metoticum in-between.

Key words: Halcyon neurocranium – Optimum stage –

Developmentresponse of such animals to metal pollution.





Histopathological Alterations in Gills of Some Poecilid

Fishes after Exposure to Bisphenol A

F.M. Elshaera, H.M.M. Khalaf-Allah and S. Bakry

a

a) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Rational: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical, used

to manufacture polycarbonate and numerous plastic articles and

leach to salt and fresh water. Low levels of BPA have also been

found to cause biological effects and its mode of action appears to

mimic that of the female hormone, estrogen. BPA therefore belongs

to a group of chemicals termed “hormone disruptors” or “endocrine

disruptors” that are able to disrupt the chemical messenger system

in the body.Objective: Gills are generally considered good indicator

of water quality, being models for studies of environmental impact.

So this study was designed to assess the histological changes caused

to the gill tissues of both mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) and a

guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) after exposure to

Bisphenol.Methods: Specimens of both mosquito fish (Gambusia

affinis) and a guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) exposed to (50μg/l of

bisphenol A) for 15 days (short term) and 30 days (long term). After

15 and fifty days experiments were terminated and both treated and

control fishes were fixed in alcoholic Bouin's solution were

prepared by routine histological technique. Slides were then





microscopically examined, photographed and described. Results

revealed that gills from BPA treated fishes showed several

histopathological lesions manifested in necrosis and desquamation

or degenerated of secondary lamellar epithelium, lifting up of

epithelium, intraepithelial edema and fusion of adjacent secondary

lamellae, disorganization and rupture in secondary lamellae as well

as hyperplasia of epithelial cells. In conclusions, our study

concluded that, the concentration 50ug/l of BPA has ability to

induce harmful effect on the gill tissue of fishes and these effects

are dose and time dependent.





Identification of short neuropeptides F (sNPF) and its role

in digestive activity in scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus)

upon starvation.

Mohamed A. Abdel Hafeza, Maged M. A. Fouda

a, Moustafa M.H.

Sarhana Abd El Baset M. Ahmed

a and Makio Takeda

b

a) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

b) Kobe University Japan

Abstract

Multicellular organisms have methods of communication

among cells and tissues that integrate physiological functions.

Scorpion could survive for several months without any food intake

but how this process is regulated is unknown. Short neuropeptide F

(sNPF) is known to play an important role in digestive activity

regulation and other physiological processes. This short

neuropeptide functions not only as neurotransmitters but also

released as hormones in invertebrates. To understand the possible

role of sNPF in prolonged starvation in scorpions, sNPF was

identified and immunohistochemically localized in the brain of

scorpion (Leiurius quinquestriatus) using specific antibody. Results

revealed that Immuno-reactive cells in the brain were found from 2

-6 months starvation period while no signal was detected in

regularly fed scorpions. Moreover, detailed analysis showed that

sNPF was distributed around the brain cells.

In conclusion, we suggest that sNPF could be one of the brain

factors which interplay in the regulation of digestive activities

through starvation.





Effect of indomethacin on implantation-associated

histological changes in the mouse uterus

Abdel Rahman S. Sultan and Mohsen A. Moustafa

Zoology Dept. Faculty of science AL-Azhar University Assiut Branch

Abstract

Implantation is a process in which the embryo makes a close

physical and physiological contact with the maternal endometrial

for establishment of pregnancy. Prostaglandin is considered

important for plastocyst spacing, implantation and decidualization

in the rodent uterus. Indomethacin, a non-steroidal c(NSAID),

widely used in clinical practice, has well known anti-prostaglandin

effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of

inhibition of prostaglandin action by indomethacin agent on the

implantation-associated changes. This study was made with light

microscope for the histological changes and scanning electron

microscope of the uterine luminal surface.





Growth of cotton plants (Gossypium barbadence) as

affected by sewage sludge application.

Assoc. Prof Noha A. El-Tayeh

South Valley University, South Valley, Egypt

Abstract

Sand culture technique was employed to investigate the

effect of sewage sludge amendment on water content, dry matter,

chlorophylls content and some carbon and nitrogen metabolites in

cotton plants. The investigations were carried out under natural

conditions using the reclaimed sewage sludge of El-Salhya sewage

station at Qena city. The sludge was mixed with sand at three levels:

10%, 20% and 30%. The sand was used (without sludge) as control.

Results revealed that the amendment of soil sludge reduce the pH of

soil and increase electric conductivity and total soluble salts with

increasing the sludge level. The investigated plants grown on soil

amended with sewage sludge levels showed a significant increase in

chlorophylls content and chlorophyll a/b ratio was lower than in

control plants. The highest dry matter accumulation was recorded

by application 20% sludge that increases by 3 fold of that of control

plants. Results indicated also that the soluble sugars and

hydrolysable sugars were increased significantly by sludge

application comparing with control. Although content of total amino

acids decreased significantly in roots of test plants by elevating





sewage sludge levels, the contents of soluble proteins increased

significantly with respect to control plants. However, soluble

proteins in shoots of plants decreased remarkably by increasing

sewage sludge levels at 30% sludge level. In the present study,

protein content in plants increased with sludge amendment ratio

increased as compared to those grown in unamended soil. It can be

concluded that application of sewage sludge improved the

physico-chemical properties of the sandy soil to be more suitable

for cultivation.





Physicochemical characterization of sewage sludge and

green waste for agricultural utilization

Ramdani Nadia, Ahmed HAMOU and Abdelkader LOUSDAD

University of Sidi Bel Abbes

Abstract

The necessity of preserving natural resources by optimizing

their use by recycling and the valorization of the organic wastes is

an interesting alternative. To eliminate and enhance bio-waste,

many communities have opted for a composting platform. Compost

quality requirements require currently a large number of

physico-chemical and biological characterizations.

In order to valorize the organic wastes, a mixture composed of 60

kg of thick sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, 30 kg

of green wastes (made of 10 kg straw of wheat, 10 kg manure farm

wastes, and 10 kg of dead leaves), and 10 kg of wood chips was

prepared. The organic wastes were mixed and put into a wooden

cubic composter having a volume of 1.5 m3. Physicochemical

analyses were made every 30 days for five months. The results of

the analyses showed that the obtained compost had good

physicochemical quality and can be used as an organic fertilizer.

The main characteristics of this compost were distinguished by its

pH from 7.4 to 7.8, with a ratio of organic matter of 40–42 %.

During composting, the humification process led to an increase in





humic acids from 29.5 to 39.1 mg/g−1 a decrease in fulvic acids

from 32.1 to 10.9 mg/g−1 and a global decomposition of

hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The obtained results show that

a period of 150 days of composting gave a C/N ratio of 15.4. The

total concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb as mg/kg dry compost

were 202.1, 98.4, 54.2, 23.2 and 5.4 respectively. The total metal

content in the final compost was much lower than the standard toxic

levels for composts to be used as good soil fertilizers. They were

reduced and agree with the standards of the Canadian limits

indicating the maturity of the end product. It has been also

observed by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopic that

the final compost improved the concentration of aromatic

compounds with respect to the initial state of matter with a decrease

of aliphatic groups and a reduction of components easily inhalated

by microflors acting during the biological process.

The germination index for the two plants Cicer arietinum and

Hordeum vulgare was 93% after the same period of composting,

showing that the final compost was not phytotoxic. The study

showed the possibility of valorization of the compost and its

possible use in the domain of agriculture.





Characterization of two natural clays and their application

as adsorbent for treatment process of dye effluents

Fatma LARBI and Ahmed HAMOU

Université d'Oran 1

Abstract

Natural clay minerals are well known and familiar to

mankind from the earliest days of civilization. Because of their low

cost, abundance in most continents of the world, high sorption

properties and potential for ion exchange, clay materials are strong

candidates as adsorbents. In recent years, there has been an

increasing interest in utilizing clay minerals for their capacity to

adsorb not only inorganic but also organic molecules.

The present work is an approach of utilizing two different clays for

treatment process of dye effluents. The objective is to explore and

compare the capacity of two types of clays from the Algerian soil,

for removal of Green remazole 6B; a reactive dye from aqueous

solutions. The clays used were provided from two different mines in

west of Algeria, one located in Ain-témouchent (A1) and the other

in the region of El Bayadh (B2).

Before investigating the adsorption of textile dye, the clays were

characterized by various techniques of analysis in order to study all

the relevant features. The techniques used are: X-ray diffraction,





infrared spectroscopy (IR), Chemical analysis and thermal analysis

(ATG/DTG).

Chemical analysis and infrared spectroscopy (IR) show that clays

are mainly constituted of alumina and silica in major quantities and

other elements in minor quantities. X-ray diffraction study shows

that (A1) is illite clay, contaning kaolinite, smectite and quartz.

Then (B2) sample is kaolinite clay with presence of illite, smectite,

chlorite and quartz.

To investigate the adsorption of textile dye, the clays have been

previously modified by acid treatment with H2SO4. Different

adsorption tests concerning the contact time, the initial dye

concentration and the pH were investigated by conducting a series

of batch adsorption experiments at room temperature, 25ºC. The

adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by using Langmuir and

Freundlich adsorption isotherms models. The results shows that

Acidic pH was favorable for adsorption of the dye and the

Freundlich model agrees very well with experimental data. (B2)

clay has the best removal power.





Influence of Doping Elements on the Properties of

Nano-zirconium Tungesto-vanadate as Cation Exchange

Material

Eslam S. Salama, H. Shokry Hassan and M.F. Elkady

City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications “SRTA-city”

Abstract

Nano-doped zirconium tungesto-vanadate has been

successfully synthesized using three different techniques of sol-gel,

hydrothermal and microwave. The influence of the doping element

and its ratio on the ion exchange properties of the prepared material

was examined. The undoped hydrothermal prepared zirconium

tungesto-vanadate recorded the highest ion exchange capacity value

reached to 2.43meq/g. The value of the material ion exchange

capacity was declined to 2.14meq/g and 1.07meq/g after its doping

with equimolar ratios from sodium and antimony ions respectively.

In spite of the doping elements has a negative impact on the ion

exchange capacity of nano-zirconium tungesto-vanadate however, it

improves the material selectivity toward the wastewater harmful

ions. The antimony doped zirconium tungesto-vanadate nano-cation

exchange material records 89% lead sorption selectivity rather than

17% sorption efficiency for the sodium mineral ions presence at

same polluted wastewater. In order to determine the properties





differences between the doped and undoped nano-zirconium

tungesto-vanadate samples, the granulometry, morphology,

composition and structure of materials were compared using SEM,

XRD, TGA-DSC, and FTIR.





The effect of the density of zooxanthellae on the growth

rate of the scleractinian coral Acropora hemprichii from

the northwestern Red Sea

Mr. Abd-Allah Ahmed Mohammad Alian


Abstract

For studying the interactive effect of zooxanthellae

availability on the rates of skeletal growth of Acropora hemprichii,

growth rates as linear extension and zooxanthellae densities were

measured at four different depths at the on shore fringing reef of

Al-Fanader site south Al-Qusier City, Red Sea. Zooxanthellae

density affects growth rate of Acropora hemprichii at reef flat and

10 m depth, where the correlations were significantly moderate at

reef flat (r = 0.461 & P < 0.01) and significantly high at 10 m depth

(r = 0.636 & P = 0.424). While non interactive effects were obtained

at 20 and 25 m depth, where the correlations were non significantly

(r = 0.346 & P < 0.19 and r = 0.103 & P < 0.706, respectively).

Either zooxanthellae density, hosted by Acropora hemprichii, or

growth rate was decreased with depth increase. Zooxanthellae

density at reef flat (1.55± 0.303 x 106 cells/cm2) was twice higher

than at 25 m depth (0.706± 0.253 x 106 cells/cm2). However,

growth rate at reef flat was approximately three times higher than





25 m depth (0.013± 0.0024 mm\day). The maximum growth rate

(0.0335 mm\day) and zooxanthellae density (1.32 106 cells/cm2)

were recorded during summer season, and the minimum growth rate

(0.01769 mm\day) and zooxanthellae density (0.931106 cells/cm2)

were recorded during autumn.





Phenol removal from aqueous solutions using modified

ZSM-

Jehan A. Abd El Razek Hasanen and Ahmed H. F. M. Abd El Fattah

Seuz canal university, Egypt

Abstract

This study explored the removal of phenol as a model of

phenolic compounds by means of Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation

(CWAO), which is one of the most important advanced oxidation

processes (AOPs).the present study focus on heterogeneous

catalytic removal using ZSM-5 and Pt doped ZSM-5 with different

concentrations (0.5 and 1 ) prepared by impregnation with

hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19H42BrN)as surfactant .

These catalysts characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

(XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nitrogen

adsorption-desorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Pulse

Titration Measurements, Acidity and High Resolution Transmission

Electron Microscopy (HRTEM).the experimental parameters of the

removal efficiency were time, temperature, PH, phenol

concentrations, catalyst dose and UV (at 254 nm).and get the

optimum conditions for the removal of each catalyst.







Somaya El-komy A. Dawah, Hamdy A. Hassan, AM Othman and

Nashwa MH Rizk

Sadat city University, Egypt

Abstract

Tributyltin (TBT) used as a biocide to prevent fouling, TBT

has been banned as a results of its toxicity, that cause risks for

humans and nonhuman organisms .A bacteria isolated from Surface

water samples collected from the Mediterranean Sea in Abu Qir

port, Alexandria, Egypt, showed resistance and degradation

capability of TBT up to 3 mM .The growth rates and biodegradation

ability were investigated in minimal media supplemented with TBT.

The new isolate was identified by 16S rRNA asStenotrophomonas

sp strain HS2, Phylogenetic analysis indicated that our isolate has

99 sequence similarity with most closely related organism

Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga strain LPM-5in the GenBank,

which is EDTA-degrading bacterium, and 98% with

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia which is monocyclic hydrocarbon

degrading bacterium. Stenotrophomonas sp strain HS2 considered

as the only reported strain from genus Stenotrophomonas that can

resist and degrade TBT. This finding may be necessary in order to





estimate the true potential of this strain to be applied in the

remediation of TBT.





Lake Nasser: current situation, obstacles and suggested

future solutions

Magdi Ali and Hussein Adam

Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt

Abstract

Lake Nasser is the main water tank of Egypt that was created

as a result of constructing the High Dam in 1960's. The lake is

characterized by the presence of many side growths, each called

"Khor", which are considered suitable environment for various

developmental activities, because of their relatively shallow waters.

There are 85 Khor, of them 48 on the east side and 37 on the west

side. The optimum approach for operating and management of Lake

Nasser is fundamental and essential to ensure security, safety and

efficiency of this vital water body, especially, for maintaining it's

the ecological equilibrium. Lake Nasser passes, since its creation,

many environmental changes, are: (a) Changes due to the switching

system of the Nile, in the Egyptian Nubia, from the ongoing river

water 'lotic' to the lake 'lentic' system; and (b) subsequent

continuous changes in physical and chemical properties of water

and hydrosoil. These changes occur as a result of human activities,

which have taken place in Lake Nasser in the past decade. These

include agricultural activities along the lake shores, the big cruise





ships that cross between Aswan and Abu Simbel, and fisheries and

aquaculture activities. With the gradual increase of the impounded

lake's area, fish landing increased with the growth in fishing

activity. It was the highest 34,206 tonnes in 1981, the minimum

8,000 tonnes in 2000, just after the lowest water level experienced

in 1988, during the drought period and became 30,571 tonnes in

2005. In total, 50 species of fish were recorded in the lake. Tilapia

fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus), Nile perch

(Lates niloticus), and tiger fish (Hydrocynus forskalii) were the

most important economic fish that make up more than 95% of the

fish production of the lake which reached an average of 15 000

tonnes / year, in the past few years. This acute shortage of fish

stocks may be due, not only to the lack of integrated management of

the lake, but also to the lack of productivity of Nile tilapia, which is

mainly affected by overfishing in addition to the incident

environmental and biological changes.

In this paper, we presented the current fields of development in

Lake Nasser (including fisheries) and constraints faced by each

field, and discussed possible solutions for sustainable development

of the lake, in the light of the Prime Minister Decision No. 203 of

2002 regarding the general framework and standards that regulate

business and licenses concerning Lake Nasser and its shores.





Laboratory colonization of Lucilia sericata Meigen

(Diptera: Caliphoridae) strain from Assiut, Egypt

Mohamed I. M. Elshehaby and Abd El Baset M.A. Abd El Reheem


Abstract

Laboratory rearing of Lucilia sericata is very important for

the treatment of wounds. The study was carried out for mass rearing

of green bottle flies from April to June 2015.Hand catch and net

trap baited with chicken viscera and cattle liver were used to collect

adult flies from the field. The collected samples were placed in

appropriately labeled tubes and sent to the laboratory. Adult stage

flies reared in the laboratory were used for species identification

using specific keys. The parental adult insects 40 flies (25 females

and 15 males) collected in Al Azhar university Assiut were

maintained in cages at 30°C±4 average temperature,80%±10

relative humidity and 12 h photoperiodicity. The blowflies were fed

on three diets that were evaluated over three continuous

generations. Reproductive and population parameters were

assessed. The life cycle of the species was expressed in the number

of days of the different stages. In the first generation, 301 flies were

produced in the laboratory including 109 (36.21%) males, and 191

(63.45%) females. The female/ male sex ratio was 1.75 for parents,

In the Second generation, 579 flies 195 (33.67%) males, and 383





(6.14%) females. The female/ male sex ratio was 1.96 for parents .

In total, 528 flies were reared in F3 generation including 189

(35.79%) males, and 338 (64.01%) females, and the sex ratio was

1.78.





Effect of anthropogenic activities on coral distribution at

onshore and offshore reefs along the Egyptian coast, Red Sea

Montaser A. M. Al-Hammady; Fattma M. A. Fouda; Hussein N. M.

Hussein and Awad A. M. Elsyed

Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Using SCUBA diving, Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and

under water digital camera coral distribution at onshore and

offshore reefs was surveyed in respect to the effect of anthropogenic

activities. Four sites were selected during this study. The onshore

sites comprised Ras Gharib Petroleum Company (site 1), impacted

by oil pollution, and Old Al-Qusyer Harbour (site 2) impacted by

phosphate shipping. While, the offshore sites were chosen at Small

Gifton Island (site 3), and Abu Ramad Island (site 4); each was

impacted by diving activities. The present results showed that, 70

species belonging to 23 genera, distributed within 18 families were

recorded at the studied sites, of which, 26 species have massive

lifeform, 23 branching, 5 encrusting, 6 solitary and only 2 species

belong hydrocorals. In addition, 7 species of a hermatypic corals

were also recorded. The present study indicated that, either onshore

or offshore reefs showed coral decline, but onshore reefs have more

degradations. The highest percent cover of dead corals was 29.1%

and 34.4 %, recorded at onshore reefs, sites 1and 2, respectively. On





contrast, the lowest percent cover was 28.1% and 4.4%, detected at

offshore reefs of sites 3 and 4, respectively. On the other hand, site

1 (onshore reef) recorded the highest percent cover of soft corals

(40.5%) from 36% the percent of live soft and hard corals,

compared with 2.7% at site 4 (offshore reef) from the percent 61.2%

of live soft and hard corals. Branching corals have remarkably

higher percent (47%) at offshore (site 4) than that recorded (26.5%)

at onshore (site 1). However, massive corals recorded relatively

higher percent (52.2%) at offshore (site 3) than (50.4%) onshore

(site 2). The offshore site 3 recorded the highest diversity (2.6) and

highest richness (1.7), compared with the lowest diversity (2.29)

and lowest richness (1.35) recoded at onshore site 1. The equability

of distributions among species at the studied reefs were 0.83, 0.78,

0.73 and 0.75 at sites 1, 2, 3 & 4, respectively. At site 1, the stony

coral Stylophora pistillata was the only abundant species, with non-

expected big and thick branches, while most other corals were

scarce. On contrast, Porites sp. was the most dominant at sites 2 &3;

while the massive coral, Goniastrea retiformis was the most

dominant species at site 4.





Immunocytochemical and histochemical studies on the

pituitary gland of the broomtail wrasse, Cheilinus lunulatus.

Mr. Mosab Ali Mohamed Ali AL-Zahaby


Abstract

In the present study we using immunohistochemical techniques to

identify and localize the different cell types in the pituitary gland of the

broomtail wrasse, (Cheilinus lunulatus). The acidophilic Prolactin (PRL)

cells occupy the major part of RPD. They are small in size, irregular in

shape, exhibited orange colour with Orange G stain and showed strong

immunoreactivity with antiserum to chum salmon. The basophilic

adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) cells are located between the

neurohypopysis and rostral pars distalis. They are smaller in size,

spherical or oval in shape, attained grey to blackish colour with lead

haematoxylin (PbH) stain and showed strong immunoreactivity with anti-

human ACTH. The acidophilic growth hormone (GH) cells are arranged

in cords bordering the neurohypophysis and dispersed between the

basophilic cells. They are deeply stained with orange G and reacted with

antiserum to chum salmon growth hormone. The basophilic gonadotropin

cells are occupying most of PPD and the border of PI. They are elongated

or polygonal in shape, PAS positive and immunoreactivity with anti-

chum salmon GTHIB and anti-chum salmon GTHIIB. Antiserum to rate

TSH reacted positively to the gonadotrophic cells. The TSH cells are





detected between rostral and proximal pars distalis in the region of

neurohypophysis. They are stained red colour with lead haematoxylin

(PbH) and immunostained with Antiserum to rat TSH. PAS cells are

distiibuted throughout the border of PI. They are stained with periodic

acid schiff (PAS+ cells) and bound specifically to anti-chum

somatolactin. The PbH+ cells are distiibuted throughout the border of PI

and attained grey to blackish colour with lead haematoxylin (PbH+) stain

and strong immunoreactivity to anti--MSH.





The physicochemical characteristics of the coastal seawater in

the Northern Red Sea

Mohamed E.A. El Metwally; Ahmed S. Abdelmongy and Mahmoud A. Dar

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Red Sea

Abstract

The physicochemical characteristics of the seawater were studied

in the coastal areas of Ras Ghareb, Hurghada, Safaga and Qusier at the

northern Red Sea. Salinity and pH measured portably in situ, dissolved

oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demond (BOD) determined by

titration, nutrient salts (phosphate, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) were

analyzed spectrophotometerically and the dissolved heavy metals were

measured using AAS (Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer). The

average salinity was changed between 39.8‰ at St. VI (Hurghda) and

41.3‰ at St VII (Safaga). The pH averages were fluctuated between 7.87

at Hurghada and Safaga ports (St. V and VIII) and 8.3 at St. VI (Hurghda)

affected by the high sedimentation rates, DO changed from 5.1 μg/l at St.

III (Ras Ghareb) due to anaerobic bacteria of the sewage drainage to 8.6

μg/l at St. XI (Qusier) affecting by the water mixing by surge waves.

BOD average was between 0.9μg/l at St. X (Qusier) and 4.9μg/l at St. V

(Hurghada) indicated to low to moderate organic wastes. The locations of

tourism and recreational activities recorded low nutrient contents relative

to ports and the potentially sewage discharge areas. Nitrites and nitrates

recorded their highest values (15.7±13.3 and 230.3±179 μg/l) at Qusier





Port, ammonia (154.8±64.4 μg/l ) at Hurghada Port and the highest values

of phosphate (39.7±12.9 μg/l) was recorded in the sewage input zone of

Ras-Ghareb. Similarly, the high concentrations of the heavy metals were

recorded at the ports. Hurghada port recorded the highest values of; Cu,

Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni (4.2± 3.6, 9.7± 5.7, 7.5± 4.1, 2.02± 1.3, 23.3± 9

and 0.86 ± 0.6 μg/l respectively) and Safaga port for Mn (0.31± 0.08 μg/l)

that may attributed to the different maritime activities and shipyards.





Morphological structure of ciliary body during eye development

in some species of Egyptian birds

Amin A. Seleema, Ahmed S. Elsayed

b and Mohsen A. Moustafa

b

a) Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Egypt

b) Zoology Dept., Faculty of science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt

Abstract

Investigate the role of ciliary body during eye development of

birds and Comparison the morphological strucure in different habitat

species of birds as Cattle Egret, Quail, Duck, and Chicken during eye

development. Vertebrate eye development is a complex and dynamic

process that results from the combinatorial action of many factors and

cellular interactions among different tissues in order to generate highly

organized and specialized structures. The primary role of the ciliary body

is the production and secretion of the aqueous humor to the posterior

chamber, which then flows to the anterior chamber where it maintains the

intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye. Maintenance of the proper IOP is

important both for the normal functioning of the adult eye and the

continued growth of the developing embryonic eye. In addition to its

important role in IOP establishment and maintenance, the ciliary body

also is responsible for synthesizing many proteins of the inner limiting

membrane, a structure that is crucial for the survival of retinal ganglion

cells.





The effect of MICROPAN AQUA® as a synbiotic on the

performance of juvenile marine fish, gilthead sea bream (sparus

aurata).

Essa, M.A.a, Omar, E.A.

b, Srour, T.M.

b, El-Ebiary, E.H.

a and Elokaby, M.A

a

a) Fish Rearing and Production Lab., Aquaculture Division, National Institute of

Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt.

b) Dept. of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha),

Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

Effects of different levels of synbiotic MICROPAN AQUA®

added to the experimental aquaria water, on water quality, growth

performance, survival and feed utilization parameters of marine fish,

gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, juvenile were evaluated. The

experiment was carried out in eight treatments (each with 3 replicates),

including T1 and T2: control without synbiotic under commercial pelleted

(P) and trash fish (T) diets feeding conditions, T3 and T4: 0.25 mg/l for P

and T, T5 and T6: 0.50 mg/l for P and T, as well as T7 and T8: 0.75 mg/l

for P and T, respectively. Sea bream with an average weight of 1.18 ±

0.02 g were stocked at a density of 11 fish per aquarium (80 l) and fed

experimental diets until satiated over a period of 60 days. The results

showed that MICROPAN AQUA® synbiotic could significantly improve

not only water quality but also fish growth performance, survival rate,

condition factor and feed utilization parameters (P > 0.05) compared with

the control treatments. The higher rate of improvement was observed in





the treatments fed on commercial pelleted diet compared counterpart fed

on trash fish, especially in case of adding the synbiotic to water at a rate

of 0.25 mg/l (T3). It seems that the studied synbiotic could serve as a

good diet supplement for gilthead sea bream cultures when added to

rearing water.





Beneficial effects of Spirulina platensis on deltamethrin-

induced oxidative stress and biochemical alterations in African

catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Dr. Heba, S. Hamed

Department of Zoology, Faculty of women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams

University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

The present study was carried out to determine LC50 of

deltamethrin (DM) in African catfish; Clarias gariepinus, investigate its

effects on the biochemical parameters and the antioxidant status of

various tissues, and to assess the protective role of Spirulina platensis

(SP) against DM induced toxicity in C.gariepinus. The fish were

distributed into seven groups of 13 fish /each for 30 days as follows:

Group 1,control ; Group 2, orally administered saline; Group 3, oral SP

(150 mg/kg b.w.); Group 4, exposed to 5.69 µg/L DM; Group 5, exposed

to 5.69 µg/L DM and orally administered SP (150 mg/kg b.w.); Group 6,

exposed to 14.22 µg/L DM; and Group 7, exposed to 14.22 µg/L DM and

orally administered SP (150 mg/kg b.w.). Results revealed marked

elevation in serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and uric acid.

Significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin were recorded. At

the same time, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly

increased in liver, kidney and gills. While, tissue level of GSH and (SOD,

CAT and GSH-Px,) activities were reduced. Treatment with SP improved

the biochemical parameters and attenuated the DM induced oxidative





damage. Therefore, this study confirms the preventive role of SP as

antioxidant against the toxicity of DM in catfish.





Amendment to the drinking water treatment plant design

Momtaz E. Mohamed, Mansuor S and Kamal El-din A. E. S

Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

Abstract

In early days of desigin drinking water treatment plants did not

take into account the amount of water lost during the disinfection and

cleaning operations, despite this quantity of water safe to drink and

conform to the specifications, and this leads to losing a large amount of a

potable water or disbursed to the same source in the absence of sludge

basins, leading to burnout state resources, so we making study on water

treatment plant with The design capacity 68000m3/day.





Histopathological studies on trichodinosis of farmed

Oreochromis niloticus

Mohamed A. Adly, Fayza M. Soliman, Mohamed A. A. Abd El-Galil and Fatma

El Zahraa A. A. Ahmeda

a) Faculty of science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

Abstract

The present study was planned to investigate the presence of

Trichodina ectoparasites on some cultured freshwater fishes including

Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli and Ctenopharyngodon idella to

compare their susceptibility to trichodinosis. Also, this study aimed at

investigating the histopathological manifestations of trichodinosis on the

skin and gills of O. niloticus as the most susceptible species to such

disease. Histopathological examination was carried out on the skin and

gills of the infected fish by using different techniques including light

microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Light microscopy

showed that the skin had detaching of epidermis and the collagen bundles

in dermis were disarranged. Heavy infections caused sloughing of the

epidermis and the remaining dermis had disarranged collagen bundles and

was infiltrated with melanin- carrying cells, forming a thick dark band.

Scanning electron micrographs of skin surface showed cracked and

irregular thickness of squamous epithelium at the whole surface with

erosions and marked ulceration of the skin. Light microscopy of the

infected gills showed erosions in the epithelial lining cells of the

secondary lamellae, causing thinning of their peripheral portions. Heavy





infections caused hyperplasia and an intense lamellar epithelial lifting.

Scanning electron micrographs of gill arches showed the gill filaments

with irregular thickness at their whole lengths. Moreover, filamentary and

lamellar surfaces were cracked, spotted and contain small notches due to

the crawling movement of the Trichodina parasites.



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