the sui and tang dynasties
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The Sui and Tang Dynasties. Chapter 10 (pp. 284 – 291). China’s Hegemony. For most of the period 600 – 1450 C.E., Chinese dynasties established regional hegemony over East Asia China became the strongest civilization in the world - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Sui and Tang Dynasties
Chapter 10 (pp. 284 – 291)
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China’s Hegemony For most of the period 600 – 1450 C.E., Chinese
dynasties established regional hegemony over East Asiao China became the strongest civilization in the world
o Dynasties like the Sui, Tang and Song reconstituted governments that combined traditional sources of power & legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances
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The Sui Dynasty 581 – 618 C.E. Centralized imperial rule Built the Grand Canal
o State-sponsored commercial infrastructure
o Manmade waterways that connected the major rivers in China
o Increased volume/variety of trade
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The Tang Dynasty 618 – 907 Li Shimin seized China’s capital Xi’an
(Chang’an) and proclaimed himself emperor of the Tang Dynasty
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Accomplishments of the Tang Strong
transportation/communication systemso Grand Canalo Built/maintained an
advanced road systemo Continued to use Silk
Roads & Indian Ocean Maritime System• Cultural/technological
transfers between Tang and Abbasids
• Chinese merchants setup diasporic communities through Southeast Asia
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The Battle of Talas
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The Tang Tribute System
Tribute Systemo Existed in earlier
dynasties, but was expanded/enhanced to support the enormous Tang dynasty
o Neighboring realms were required to pay tribute in forms of gifts or money• China acted as “the
Middle Kingdom”
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Religion in the Tang Buddhism had been growing in
China since its Classical Periodo Mostly Mahayana Buddhism
• It allowed easier incorporation to Chinese culture
o Empress Wu (690 – 705) was a strong supporter of Buddhism• Contributed huge sums to
monasteries and to commission paintings & sculptures• More than 50,000 temples were
built• Buddhist art, literature and cultural
traditions flourished• Ex. Wu Daozi
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The Art of Wu Daozi
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The Collapse of the Tang
Over time, tensions between Confucianists & Buddhists grewo Stemmed from ideological & economic
differences In the 9th century, Confucian scholar
bureaucrats along with emperor Wuzong conspired to end Buddhist influenceo Burned thousands of monasteries &
forced Buddhist monks to flee Results
o Confucianism reemerged as dominant belief system
o Tang Dynasty weakened due to internal turmoil and again China declined into a period of decentralization
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The Song Dynasty
Chapter 10 (pp. 291 – 297)
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The Song Dynasty
Song reunited China in 960o Emphasized civil administration, industry, education and
art• “Golden Era” in terms of finance & technology
o Strong centralized government• Increased size of merit-based bureaucratic system (civil
service)
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Problems Under the Song
Financeso Large bureaucratic system
was expensive, so taxes were raised
o Led to free peasant revolts Military
o Led by scholar bureaucrats• Little understanding of how
to direct armieso Jurchens (northern nomads)
& other groups overran the northern part of the Song Empire
o 1279, Mongols conquered the southern Song
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Economic Revolutions of the Tang and Song
Changes in economy began in Tang & were refined in Song
Revolutionso Increased agricultural production to deal with
growing population• Fast-ripening rice from Vietnam• Improved irrigation techniques
o Urbanization• Tang capital Chang’an
• Largest city in the world at the time• Song capital Hangzhou
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Economic Revolutions of the Tang and Song
Revolutions (continued)o Technological innovations
• Porcelain (chinaware)• Improved iron & steel
metallurgy• Gunpowder• Movable type printing• Magnetic compass
o Financial inventions• As trade grew, merchants
developed paper money• Letters of credit called
“flying cash” allowed merchants to move money (like a bank)
• Primitive checking
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Neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism
o Focused less on social & political order, and more on the soul & spiritual relationships
o Reconciled relationship with Buddhismo Influenced many civilizations throughout East &
Southeast Asia
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Patriarchal Social Structures Patriarchal structure grew
more rigido Especially for the upper-classes
• Foot binding• Demonstrated class &
subservience to males