the survey of ukrainian journalists, 2014, internews

ANALYTICAL REPORT

STUDY OF MEDIA DEVELOPMENT’S

CONDITION IN UKRAINE AUDIENCE: EXPERTS-JOURNALISTS

Prepared for

AUGUST 2014

CONTENTS

Objectives 3

Research design 4

Key results 5

Paid publications / hidden advertisement (jeansa) 18

Influence of the media owners, censorship 24

Study of audience’s opinion 15

Standards of journalism 9

Labor relations 33

Social-demographic profile 50

Protection of the journalists 37

Juristic literacy 41

Education 47

• Journalists’ conception of standards of journalism

• Interaction, study of audience

• Journalists’ perception of condition of freedom of speech

• Study of external and internal factors, that have an influence on quality of journalists’ work

and implementation of their role in society, including labor relations, level of job

compensation, ethical principles of journalism

• Level of journalists’ professional knowledge

• Knowledge of media legislation concerning access to public information, defamation,

handling with personal data etc.

OBJECTIVES

3

Method

• Online poll

Geography

• All Ukraine

Fieldwork:

• First wave: October – December 2012

• Second wave: May – July 2014

Total sample : wave 1 – 243 respondents

wave 2 – 300 respondents

RESEARCH DESIGN

4

Wave 1 Wave 2

Regional media 76% 73%

Nationwide media 24% 27%

Press 49% 44%

Web-based 34% 36%

Television 14% 17%

Radio 3% 3%

Reporter/Journalist/Freelancer 42% 40%

Editor/Editor and reporter/Journalist 49% 53%

Executive editor 3% 3%

Columnist / Blogger 1% 1%

There are no significant differences by the key

characteristics of target audience in first and

second wave. It allows to suggest that dynamics

of indices is connected with real processes in

environment of journalism.

Key results (1)

ROLE OF JOURNALISM IN SOCIETY AND ITS STANDARDS

Journalists inform the society. In comparison with 2012 there is no significant changing in journalists’ perception of their role in

society. Same as before, Ukrainian journalists consider their role in society mainly from the point of view of presentation of the

information. Proactive social functions (control of the authorities, forming of public opinion, society improvement) are rather not

typical, furthermore, the index of interpretation of journalists’ role as a force forming public opinion has decreased since 2012 (from

23% to 15%).

Key standard of journalism – reliability of provided information (82%). Also journalists point out at importance of objectivity

(69%) and truth (66%) of the provided information. Not more than 40% of journalists are ready to comply with every standard from

the rest standards of journalism (such as independence, responsibility, impartiality etc.) in any circumstances. Notable is that

independence is significantly more important for nationwide media journalists than for regional ones (44% vs. 29%).

Journalists are aware of ethics code. Number of journalists familiar with ethics code has increased from 2012 to 2014 (from

73% up to 80%). Nevertheless, share of editorials accepting ethics code of journalism is still low (38%).

Journalists conduct study of their audience’s opinion. Share of media studying their audience remains stably high. Same as

in 2012, nationwide media order surveys for receiving feedback from their audience more often than regional media (25% vs. 8%).

At the same time, regional media use readers’ responses for studying audience oftener than nationwide media (80% vs. 64%).

Share of media considering only the interest of their audience in functioning of editorial has decreased from 2012 to 2014 (from

24% to 16%). Transition occurs into segment that considers audience’s interests «when possible» (72%). Share of media, that do

not consider interest of their audience, and are only guided by editorial policy, remains stably low (8%) .

5

Key results (2)

MEDIA OWNERS

Media owners have influence on editorial policy. Journalists are well aware of the owner of their media, this awareness has

increased from 2012 up to 95% (from 88%). Level of the owners’ influence on editorial policy is rather high (53% of respondents

noticed that owner anyway has one). The major influence of the media owners is implemented by selection of publication topics and

putting necessary emphases.

CENSORSHIP

Texts are edited and сut rarer. Quantity of journalists facing censorship for «editor’s peace of mind» has decreased from 2012 to

2014 (from 44% to 26%). There is a decrease of not only a number of journalists facing censorship, but also of total «amount» of

censorship. Share of sporadic censorial prohibitions has increased from 33% to 44%; on the contrary, share of mass censorial

prohibitions has decreased from 13% to 8%.

Materials are rejected rarer too. Share of journalists who never faced rejection of material has increased from 2012 to 2014 (from

30% to 42%). Even among journalists who have faced rejection there is a trend of decrease of frequency of such situations. Such

cases are rather sporadic now.

Limitation in selection of topics becomes rarer. Number of journalists facing limitations from management in selection of topics

has decreased from 2012 to 2014 (from 67% to 56%). There are more prohibitions towards certain topics (from 33% to 48%), critics

towards concrete personalities (from 8% to 14%) in structure of limitations; also, amount of overall prohibitions, such as

requirement to adhere editorial policy, has decreased (from 33% to 24%).

Influence of the authorities remains high. There is no significant dynamics in extent of authorities’ influence on editorial policy.

Same as before, every second journalist has faced or heard about such influence. But there is a new emphasis in authorities’

directions: share of prohibitions of concrete subjects or persons for materials has significantly increased (from 14% to 36%).

6

Key results (3)

LABOR RELATIONS

Majority of journalists are officially employed. The structure of labor relations of journalists and media has not changed from

2012 to 2014. Mostly, labor relations are official – full employment (62%) or freelance (23%). Share of journalists getting fixed

salary has increased from 54% to 64% (with maintaining other types of payment, such as honorarium for a number of materials or

bonuses, incentives, benefits, etc.).

Share of «envelope» wages is high. Improvement towards a part of official payment for journalists’ work has not occurred from

2012 to 2014 – it is further slightly more than a half of employees (55%). Practice with larger share of unofficial payments (6%) is

still dominating among mixed types of payments (17%). Average monthly income of Ukrainian journalist varies between 2000-4000

UAH. Almost one third (27%) of journalists gets salary lower than 2000 UAH per month. Incomes of nationwide media journalists

are significantly higher than regional journalists’ ones.

PROTECTION OF THE JOURNALISTS

Perception of the social protection is low. Level of social protection has decreased from 2012 to 2014б according to journalists’

estimates. More journalists feel no social protection (46% vs. 39% in 2012).

Number of violations of labor rights remains high. A half of journalists have faced violations of their labor rights. These

violations mostly refer to organization of the working process (working day duration, getting a vacation, etc.) and financial duties of

the employer (untimely payments of salary, etc.). Notable is that there is a decreased number of vacations shortened or rejected

(from 31% to 23%) among the key violations, but there is a growth of offenses against journalists (from 9% to 16%).

EDUCATION

Journalists need trainings. Journalists’ need in trainings has not significantly changed from 2012 to 2014: every second journalist

announces this need. Appropriate format of conducting – Kyiv (62%) or native city (60%). Range of needs of receiving new

knowledge is wide, one of the most demanded topics is «Promotion of new media, use of social networks, monetization of web

sites» (64%). At the same time, journalists/their editorial are not ready to pay for education. The maximum they could afford is

payment for transfer and food.

7

Key results (4)

PAID PUBLICATIONS/ HIDDEN ADVERTISEMENT (JEANSA)

Journalists have tolerate attitude towards paid publications. Journalists’ attitude towards paid publications may be

characterized as neutral-negative, but there are slightly more negative rates in comparison with 2012 (55% vs. 51%). Negative

attitude is often based on belief that «jeansa» deteriorates the editorial’s image, and rarely is argued by a principal position

concerning inadmissibility of deceiving audience. Nevertheless, despite an accusing position in this issue, more than a half of

journalists has an experience of preparation of paid publications (54%). Furthermore, share of journalists having «such

experience» has increased among nationwide media from 2012 to 2014 (from 41% to 53%).

Frequency of «ordering» publications has decreased. Despite common practice of paid publications’ extension, frequency of

preparing such articles has decreased from 2012 to 2014. Earlier share of monthly orders amounted 33%, now it is thrice lower –

10%. According to journalists’ estimates, share of «jeansa» in Ukrainian media on the average amounts 38% vs. 45% in 2012.

Same as before, paid publications are being done by editorial commitment, personal orders occur rarer. The main topics of paid

publications concern politics (76%), rarer business (35%).

JURISTIC LITERACY

Journalists spontaneously name 2 laws familiar to them – on information, and on printed media. Same as before,

spontaneous awareness of laws is low – on the average each journalist only names 3 acts.

Awareness of the Ukrainian laws «Information Act of Ukraine» and «Access to Public Information Act of Ukraine» has increased

since 2012 – from 85% to 90% and from 83% to 89%, respectively.

Journalists consider Constitution of Ukraine as the main act protecting human rights and dignity. From 2012 to 2014 has

increased the number of journalists who correctly consider Civil Code as one of the acts protecting human honor and dignity (41%

vs. 30% in 2012).

There is no significant dynamics in awareness of responsibility for violations. Journalists are poorly aware of responsibility

for the placement of paid publications: only 8% of journalists know that there is a civil responsibility for placing such materials.

8

STANDARDS

OF

JOURNALISM

9

Journalists understand their role as informing

the society

Question: How do you think, what is the key role of journalism in society?

(open-ended question)

There is no significant changing in journalists’ perception of their role in society. Only the interpretation of journalists as a force

forming public opinion has decreased since 2012.

All media Regional Nationwide

2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Informing society / To inform objectively 83% 83% 81%

To develop / improve / educate / foster / purify 23% 22% 26%

Forming public opinion 23% ← 22% ← 26%

Control of the authority 13% 12% 16%

Information analysis 6% 7% 3%

Democracy protection 8% 7% 10%

Entertainment 1% 1% 2%

82%

18%

15%

11%

11%

11%

2%

83%

18%

15%

11%

10%

13%

2%

80%

18%

14%

13%

14%

5%

1%

BASE

TARGET AUDIENCE All media, w1, N=243

All media, w2, N=300

Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220

Nationwide, w1, N=58

Nationwide, w2, N=80 □ □ Significantly greater/ less than all media

→ ← Significantly greater/ less than previous wave 10

Role of journalism


2014 2014 2014

Reliability

Objectivity

Truth

Presumption of innocence

Social responsibility

Respect towards personal life of publication personalities

Impartiality

Responsibility

Independence

Respect towards cultural and social values

Fairness

Tactfulness

Reliability, objectivity and truth – key standards

Question: How do you think, which of professional journalism standards a journalist

must never violate under any conditions? (all options)

82%

69%

66%

42%

40%

39%

38%

37%

33%

32%

25%

19%

80%

70%

66%

46%

44%

41%

39%

37%

29%

37%

26%

20%

89%

69%

69%

33%

28%

31%

35%

38%

44%

20%

24%

18%

BASE

TARGET AUDIENCE All media, w2, N=300 Regional, w2, N=220 Nationwide, w2, N=80 □ □ Significantly greater/ less than all media

Independence is significantly more important for nationwide media journalists. On the contrary, social protection and respect

towards cultural and social values are more important for regional journalists.

11

Standards required to be complied – ALL

Key standard of journalism – reliability of

provided information

Question: How do you think, which of professional journalism standards a journalist

must never violate under any conditions? (up to 3 options).

In understanding of standards of journalism has increased a gap between importance of facts provision, on one hand, and respect

towards personalities in the publication and presumption of innocence, on the other hand. This gap has become more expressed,

first of all, among nationwide media representatives.

Responsibility and social responsibility are still not the key standard of journalism.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Reliability 52% → 53% → 50% →

Objectivity 52% 52% 52%

Truth 32% → 32% 34% →

Presumption of innocence 27% ← 26% 29% ←

Impartiality 21% 19% 28%

Social responsibility 15% 17% 10%

Respect towards personal life of publication personalities 28% ← 29% ← 24% ←

Responsibility 16% 17% 12%

Independence 16% 15% 19%

Respect towards cultural and social values 11% 12% 7%

Fairness 8% 9% 7%

Tactfulness 7% ← 7% 7%

66%

54%

39%

20%

18%

17%

16%

16%

15%

10%

8%

3%

62%

54%

36%

22%

17%

21%

17%

16%

11%

12%

8%

4%

78%

53%

46%

15%

23%

8%

11%

16%

24%

4%

6%

3%

BASE



Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220




Standards required to be

complied – TOP 3

Journalists are aware of ethics code

Question: Are you personally familiar with the ethics code of Ukrainian journalist?

Quantity of journalists familiar with ethics code has increased from 2012 to 2014 (up to 80%).

Nevertheless, percentage of editorials that accepted ethics code is still low.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, I am familiar 73% → 71% → 79%

No, I’m not familiar 27% ← 29% ← 21%

80%

20%

83%

17%

71%

29%

Question: Does your editorial apply the ethics code of Ukrainian journalist?

Yes, the editorial has accepted the ethics code,

every journalist and editor should follow its

standards

34% 31% 45%

Yes, the editorial apply some of these standards,

but all the decisions are made by the media editor

in chief / owner

42% 46% 28%

No, it is not used 24% 23% 28%

38%

42%

20%

40%

42%

19%

34%

43%

24%

□ □ Significantly greater/ less than all media

→ ← Significantly greater/ less than previous wave BASE



Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220


Nationwide, w2, N=80 13

Knowledge of ethics code

Usage

Percentage of responsibility has increased

in principles of code

Question: Please specify, which standards of the ethics code of Ukrainian journalist are

applied in your newsroom? (open-ended question)

Share of «Impartiality», «Presentation of different points of view» and «Freedom of speech» principles has decreased in top-group

of standards from 2012 to 2014. The principles «To not print unchecked information», «Truth» and «Social responsibility» have

reached top-group.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

All 30% 28% 36%

Objectivity 25% 26% 22%

Respect towards personal life of publication personalities 20% 19% 25%

Impartiality 22% ← 24% ← 17%

To not print unchecked information 5% → 3% → 11%

Truth 9% → 8% → 11%

Social responsibility 7% → 5% → 11%

Respect towards cultural and social values 10% 8% → 17%

Presentation of different points of view 20% ← 22% ← 11%

Responsibility 10% 10% 11%

Anonymity of sources of information 12% 14% 6%

Tactfulness 12% 12% 14%

Presumption of innocence 11% 8% 19%

Absence of plagiarism 10% 12% 3%

Freedom of speech 16% ← 18% ← 14%

Reliability 15% ← 14% ← 19%

Freedom of author’s position 5% 6% 0%

Fairness 12% ← 12% ← 14%

Use informally 5% ← 5% ← 3%

Independence 6% ← 5% ← 8%

Use other countries’ codes / international 2% 3% 0%

30%

28%

20%

17%

17%

16%

15%

14%

12%

12%

11%

10%

10%

10%

9%

8%

6%

4%

2%

2%

1%

32%

29%

20%

17%

18%

17%

14%

16%

14%

12%

12%

10%

9%

10%

10%

6%

6%

4%

1%

1%

0%

22%

24%

20%

15%

12%

10%

17%

5%

7%

10%

7%

12%

12%

7%

7%

17%

5%

2%

7%

2%

2%

BASE

Use Code All media, w1, N=185


Regional, w1, N=143

Regional, w2, N=155




Principles of code

that are in use

STUDY OF

AUDIENCE’S OPINION

15

Journalists do study their audience’s opinion

Question: Does your media study the opinion of your audience

(readers / viewers / listeners)?

Share of media studying their audience remains stably high. As well as in 2012, nationwide media order surveys for receiving

feedback from their audience more often than regional media. At the same time, regional media use readers’ responses for studying

audience oftener than nationwide media.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, it studies 71% 72% 67%

No, it doesn’t 7% → 9% → 2%

Possibly it does, but I’m not aware of it 12% 10% 21%

Hard to say / don’t know 9% 9% 10%

69%

12%

14%

5%

68%

15%

12%

6%

70%

5%

20%

5%

Question: How does your media study the opinion of your audience?

We take into account the audience feedbacks – mail,

feedbacks left on the website, editorial mail, etc. 81% 86% 64%

Internet-surveys conducted by own efforts 37% 36% 38%

Open data of sociological and other types of researches 24% 20% 36%

We order surveys by research companies 17% 15% 26%

Other 9% 8% 10%

76%

35%

25%

13%

9%

80%

38%

24%

8%

10%

64%

27%

27%

25%

5%

BASE TARGET AUDIENCE/

Those, who study

All media, w1, N=243 / 172

All media, w2, N=300 / 206

Regional, w1, N=185 / 133


Nationwide, w1, N=58 / 39

Nationwide, w2, N=80 / 56 □ □ Significantly greater/ less than all media


Ways of studying

Studying audience’s opinion

Journalists consider their audience’s interests

Question: How do you think, to which extent does your editorial consider interests of

your audience when choosing subjects and way of presentation of the content?

Share of media considering only the interest of their audience in functioning of editorial has decreased from 2012 to 2014.

Transition occurs into segment that considers audience’s interests «when possible». Share of media, that does not consider interest

of their audience, remains stably low.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Our editorial policy is based only on the opinion

and interests of our audience 24% ← 22% ← 28% ←

Editorial, when possible, takes into account the

interest of the audience, however still follows its

own editorial policy

67% 70% 59% →

All journalists follow clearly determined editorial

policy, regardless of the opinion

of the audience

7% 6% 9%

16%

72%

8%

16%

72%

8%

18%

71%

8%

BASE



Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220




Focus on audience’s interests

PAID PUBLICATIONS/

HIDDEN ADVERTISEMENT

(JEANSA)

18

Journalists have tolerate attitude towards paid

publications

Question: What is your attitude towards the problem of paid publications/ hidden

advertisement (jeansa) in media?

Attitude towards paid publications has slightly changed towards negative from 2012 to 2014: share of neutral rates decreases

becoming negative.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Extremely negative, it’s unacceptable to deceive

the audience 23% 19% 36%

Negative, it taints the image of media 28% 30% 22%

Neutral, if there’s a demand for such services –

therefore, journalists are allowed to do that 18% ← 20% ← 12%

Neutral, the editorial is free to make money any

method available 14% 13% 17%

Positive, it’s a good method to make additional

money for a journalist or an editorial 3% 3% 2%

Positive, because none of readers / viewers /

listeners have ever complained 0% 0% 0%

Other 10% 11% 7%

Hard to say, don’t know 4% 4% 3%

23%

32%

13%

12%

3%

1%

14%

2%

24%

29%

13%

13%

4%

1%

16%

2%

23%

41%

13%

9%

0%

1%

11%

3%

BASE



Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



→ ← Significantly greater/ less than previous wave

∑ = 51% ∑ = 55%

∑ = 32% ∑ = 25%

∑ = 3% ∑ = 4%

19

Attitude towards paid

publications

Paid publications – common practice

Question: Has any of your colleagues / familiar journalists ever done paid publications /

hidden advertisement (jeansa)?

Extension of paid publications remains stably high, there is no essential dynamics. Journalists rarer refuse answering the question,

whether their colleagues / familiar journalists prepare paid publications, directly claiming «yes, they do».

In particular, nationwide media journalists have begun talking more about personal experience of preparation of paid publications.

Yes 80% → 81% 79% →

No 12% 12% 10%

Refusal 8% ← 8% 10% ←

86%

11%

3%

85%

11%

4%

88%

13%

0%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Colleagues’ / familiar journalists’

experience in preparation of paid

publications

Question: Have you personally ever done paid publications / hidden advertisement

(jeansa)?

Yes 51% 54% 41% →

No 40% 38% 48% ←

Refusal 9% 8% 10%

54%

39%

6%

55%

41%

4%

53%

34%

14%


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Personal experience of preparation

of paid publications

Frequency of «ordering» publications

has decreased

Question: How often have you personally or your colleagues been offered or committed to produce

and publish paid publications / hidden advertisement (jeansa) within the last year?

Despite common practice of paid publications’ extension, frequency of preparing such articles has decreased from 2012 to 2014.

Same as before, paid publications are being done by editorial commitment.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Several times a month 33% ← 31% ← 36% ←

More than 10 times 10% 11% 7%

Up to 10 times 14% → 15% → 9% →

1-2 times 9% → 9% → 9% →

Never offered 9% → 8% → 12%

10%

12%

27%

17%

13%

11%

13%

25%

16%

13%

8%

8%

31%

23%

13%

Question: How do you think, doing «paid publications / hidden advertisement (jeansa)» most often

happens by commitment of the editorial, or is this ordered personally to journalists?

Most often by editorial commitment 45% 46% 40%

Sometimes by editorial commitment, sometimes it’s

a personal order 31% 32% 29%

Most often by personal orders 11% 11% 10%


44%

36%

7%

11%

43%

36%

8%

11%

45%

38%

5%

10%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



∑ = 43% ∑ = 22%

∑ = 23% ∑ = 44%

21

How often paid publications are

offered to be done

Who receives offers to do paid

publications

Percentage of paid publications has decreased

Question: In your opinion, what is the percentage of paid publications/ hidden

advertisement (jeansa) in Ukrainian media, when taking for 100% all materials that are

published and aired?

According to journalists’ expert estimates, share of paid materials has decreased entirely within country, both in regional and

nationwide media.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

0% 0% 0% 0%

1-20% 16% → 17% → 14%

21-40% 14% → 14% → 14% →

41-60% 31% ← 29% ← 38% ←

61-80% 15% ← 15% ← 14% ←

81-100% 1% 2% 0%


Average 45% ← 45% ← 46%

1%

22%

27%

14%

9%

3%

24%

38%

1%

24%

26%

14%

10%

3%

24%

38%

0%

18%

33%

16%

6%

3%

25%

37%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Share of paid publications in media


2014 2014 2014

Paid publications – mainly about politics

Tendentiously, «commercial jeansa» in paid publications of central media, in contrast with regional media, occurs oftener, and

«politics» - rarer.

Question: Please, specify, what is the most common subject matter of

paid publications / hidden advertisement (jeansa)? What is covered in paid

publications?(open-ended question)

Politics

Business / product promotion / services

Image

Election

Negative campaigning

76%

35%

27%

16%

11%

81%

31%

30%

18%

8%

61%

46%

17%

11%

17%


→ ← Significantly greater/ less than previous wave BASE Aware of paid

publications All media, w2, N=180 Regional, w2, N=134 Nationwide, w2, N=46 23

Subjects of paid publications

INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA

OWNERS, CENSORSHIP

24

Question: Are you aware of calls / mails / verbal directions given by authorities (or persons close to authorities), that would influence

editorial policy of your media («forbidden subjects», directions to do presentation of events, etc.)


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, I am aware of such facts 37% 41% 22%

I have only heard rumors, I do not know for sure 18% 17% 22%

No, I am not aware of such facts 35% 33% 41%


30%

21%

42%

5%

33%

20%

39%

6%

23%

24%

49%

5%

Question: Exactly, what kind of directions given by authorities have you faced

personally or has your editorial? (open-ended question)

Prohibition of concrete subjects / persons 14% → 15% → 12%

Direction on how/when specific subject must be

presented 46% ← 48% 38%

Prohibition of criticism 6% → 6% → 8%

Direction to stop preparation of materials /

investigations 10% 11% 4%

Direction to prepare publications on concrete

subjects 19% 21% 12%

Refusal, no comments 11% 10% 12%

36%

35%

14%

14%

14%

7%

37%

39%

18%

12%

14%

5%

31%

23%

3%

20%

11%

11%


→ ← Significantly greater/ less than previous wave BASE TARGET AUDIENCE /

Fact of directions

All media, w1, N=243 / 133

All media, w2, N=300 / 148





Influence of the authorities remains high

There is no significant dynamics in extent of authorities’ influence on editorial policy. But there is new emphasis in authorities’

directions: share of prohibitions of concrete subjects or persons for materials has significantly increased.

25

Influence of the authorities on

editorial policy

Features of influence of the

authority

→

Owners significantly influence editorial policy

Question: Do you know who owns your media?

Journalists are well aware of who is the owner of the media; this knowledge has increased since 2012. Level of the owners’

influence on editorial policy is rather high (53% of respondents noticed that owner anyway has an influence on editorial policy). It is

important to highlight a decrease of owners’ influence in nationwide media.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, I know 88% → 91% 78% → 95% 95% 94%

Question: How strong, in your opinion, is the influence of the owners on editorial policy

of your media?

Owners entirely define the editorial policy 25% 26% 19%

In order to solve questionable issues, the editor in

chief consults the owner 31% 33% 22%

Owners do not interfere the editorial job, they are

only interested in the business profitability 16% 14% 22%

There’s no influence at all 13% 14% 10%


22%

31%

14%

15%

12%

26%

31%

13%

16%

11%

11%

33%

18%

13%

16%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Awareness of media owner

Influence of the media owner on

editorial policy


2014 2014 2014

Influence of the media owner on editorial policy:

percentage of total or partial influence1

Selection of publication topics (publication personalities, comments) and

putting necessary emphases

Control of materials devoted to politics

Determination of overall orientation of editorial

Promotion of materials advantageous for owner’s business (and other

activities)

Control of quality, journalistic ethics, security

Funding / focus on profitability for editorial

Owner is an editor-in-chief

Total influence, determination of content of every edition

Rare, sporadic consultations in the most critical situations

Hard to say

1Question: How strong, in your opinion, is the influence of the owners on the editorial policy of your media? («owners entirely define the editorial

policy» + «in order to solve questionable issues the editor in chief consults with the owner»)

The main influence of the media owners is implemented by selection

of publication topics and putting necessary emphases

2Question: What exactly is the influence of owners / the group of owners of your media on the editorial policy? (open-ended question)

There is a significantly higher influence of the media owners on selection of publication topics and putting necessary emphases in

nationwide media.

19%

14%

13%

11%

5%

4%

14%

6%

4%

12%

14%

14%

13%

12%

6%

6%

16%

6%

6%

10%

34%

11%

14%

9%

3%

0%

6%

6%

0%

23%

BASE

TARGET AUDIENCE All media, w2, N=161 Regional, w2, N=126 Nationwide, w2, N=35 □ □ Significantly greater/ less than all media

57% 44% 54%

27

Features of influence2:

Prohibition of creating publications on concrete

topic 33% → 35% → 27% →

To prefer specific topic, party, official 10% → 10% → 11% →

Requirement to adhere editorial policy, choose

topics 33% ← 35% ← 27% ←

Prohibition of critics 8% → 8% → 5% →

Socially significant materials are not published 8% 7% 8%

Forced estimation of facts in positive way 8% 9% 5%

Editor / chief changes the emphases / smoothes

away critical points of material 6% 4% 11%

Forced creating of material on concrete topic 3% 3% 0%

Question: Do you face limitations from your management when choosing topics and writing-style for your content or experts to comment on the matter?


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, I constantly face such limitations 11% 11% 10%

I sometimes face different kinds of limitations, but

they cannot be called regular 21% 23% 12%

I do face them, but they are sporadic 34% 31% 41%

No, I do not face such limitations 33% → 33% 34% →

7%

20%

27%

44%

9%

21%

29%

41%

3%

20%

24%

50%

Question: Please, specify the kind of limitations you have faced within the last year (open-ended question)

48%

26%

24%

14%

8%

8%

7%

3%

46%

26%

26%

15%

9%

7%

7%

4%

55%

27%

15%

12%

6%

9%

6%

0%



Fact of limitations

All media, w1, N=243 / 158

All media, w2, N=300 / 159





Limitations in selection of topics has decreased

Quantity of journalists facing limitations from management in selection of topics has decreased from 2012 to 2014 (from 67% to

56%). There are more prohibitions towards certain topics, critics towards concrete personalities in structure of limitations; also,

quantity of overall prohibitions such as requirement to adhere editorial policy has decreased.

28

Limitations from management

Features of limitations

Level of internal censorship has decreased

Question: Within the last year, have you faced situations when your text / material was

edited and published incomplete for the «sake» of peace of mind of the chief editor or

newsroom in general?

Quantity of journalists facing censorship has decreased from 2012 to 2014. Same as before, censorship is oftener used for «the

calmness of editor-in-chief», and rarer – for journalist’s security.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, I have faced that 44% ← 45% ← 41% ←

No, I have not, but I have heard of such situations

in other editorials 25% → 25% → 26% →

No, I have never faced that 19% → 19% 21%


26%

38%

25%

8%

27%

36%

26%

8%

23%

43%

24%

9%

Question: Within the last year, have you faced situations when your text / material was

edited and published incomplete for your personal safety?

Yes, such situations happened 24% 27% 12%

No, such situations never happened 63% → 61% → 71%

Hard to say/don’t know 11% ← 11% ← 12% ←

18%

74%

6%

18%

74%

7%

19%

75%

3%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Censorship

for the calmness of editor-in-chief

Censorship

for journalist’s security

Frequency of editing has decreased

Question: Within the last year, how often have you faced the situation when your texts /

materials were edited or published incomplete for the «peace of mind» / prevention of

problems to the editor, editorial and you personally?

Not only of the number of journalists facing censorship has decreased from 2012 to 2014, but also the frequency of limitations,

«polishing» of materials for the sake of editor’s, editorial’s or journalist’s «peace of mind» .


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

1-2 times 33% → 38% 20%

Up to 10 times 29% 27% 34%

Half of materials undergo such process 7% 7% 7%

Almost every material is «polished» following the

principle of «zero consequences» 6% 7% 2%


Refusal 6% 4% 12%

44%

27%

4%

4%

13%

9%

45%

26%

5%

5%

12%

8%

42%

31%

0%

0%

15%

12%


→ ← Significantly greater/ less than previous wave BASE Faced

censure All media, w1, N=171


Regional, w1, N=135

Regional, w2, N=78



∑ = 13% ∑ = 8%

30

Censorship

Frequency of limitations

Materials are rejected rarer

Question: Have there been any cases in your professional experience when the editor

refused the subject matter you offered because it could cause «troubles» for the

editorial?

Share of journalists who never faced rejection of material has increased from 2012 to 2014. Even among journalists who’ve faced

rejection, there is a decrease of frequency of such situations.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, such cases have happened 49% 49% 48%

No, such situations have never happened 30% → 29% → 34%

Hard to say, don’t know 18% ← 19% ← 14%

51%

42%

6%

52%

41%

5%

46%

45%

9%

Question: How often have you faced cases when the editor refused the topic you

offered because it could have caused «troubles» for the editorial?

1-2 times in my entire professional experience 27% → 26% → 32% →

Up to 10 times 48% ← 47% ← 54% ←

Half of materials undergo such process 6% 8% 0%

Almost every material is «polished» following the

principle of «zero consequences» 7% ← 8% 4%


43%

38%

3%

3%

10%

41%

38%

4%

4%

10%

49%

35%

0%

0%

11%



Refusal experience

All media, w1, N=243 / 118

All media, w2, N=300 / 152





∑ = 13% ∑ = 6%

31

Rejection of material

Frequency of rejection of material

Quantity of dismissals because of

«disobedience» is stably low

Question: Have there been cases in your editorial when a journalist was dismissed

because of him/her not agreeing to publish paid publications / hidden advertisement

(jeansa) upon the request of the editorial?

Same as before, the cases of dismissals because of the refusal of dealing with “jeansa” are rare. At the same time, nationwide

media journalists less categorically deny facts of dismissals, and suppose such cases to occur.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, such cases happened 3% 3% 2%

Even if such cases ever happened, I am not aware

of them 7% 3% 17%

No, such cases never happened 82% 86% 67%


2%

8%

79%

8%

3%

6%

85%

6%

1%

16%

65%

16%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Dismissal because of refusal to

publish paid materials

LABOUR RELATIONS

33

Majority of journalists are officially employed

Question: Please choose the statement which best describes your labor relations with the media you currently work in

The structure of labor relations of journalists and media has not changed from 2012 to 2014. Mostly, labor relations are official – full

employment or freelance.

Share of journalists receiving fixed salary while maintaining other types of payment has increased.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Official employment 61% 61% 62%

Unofficial employment (no work record book and

official documents) 14% 15% 14%

Freelancer / employment for a project / part-time

work 20% 20% 21%

Other 4% 4% 3%

62%

13%

23%

2%

62%

14%

21%

3%

61%

10%

29%

0%

Question: What does your monthly salary consist of?

Fixed monthly salary 54% → 54% → 55% →

Honorarium for a number of materials 44% 41% 52%

Official additional payments: bonuses, incentives,

benefits, etc. 25% 25% 24%

Unofficial additional payments: bonuses,

incentives, benefits, etc. 12% 14% 5%

Other 7% 8% 5%

64%

44%

26%

10%

6%

63%

44%

27%

11%

7%

65%

45%

24%

9%

1%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Employment

Structure of salary

Share of «envelope» wage is high

Question: What is the job compensation in your editorial?

Quantity of journalists getting official paycheck has not changed from 2012 to 2014: it is slightly more than a half of employees.

Among mixed type of payments, practice with larger share of unofficial payments is still dominating.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Official paycheck 55% 52% 64%

Part of the salary is official, the rest is «envelope»

wage 23% ← 25% ← 17%

The salary is entirely «envelope» wage 10% 11% 5%

Refusal 12% → 12% → 14%

55%

17%

9%

18%

56%

17%

9%

18%

55%

18%

10%

18%

Question: What is the ratio of the official part of the salary to the «envelope» wage?

Most of the salary I receive as the «envelope»

wage, least part I receive officially 43% 39% 60%

50/50 – half of the salary I receive officially, the

other half – as the «envelope» wage 25% 24% 30%

More than a half of the salary I receive officially, the

rest I get as the «envelope» wage 25% 30% 0%

Refusal 7% 7% 10%

35%

25%

29%

12%

32%

29%

29%

11%

43%

14%

29%

14%



Partly as the «envelope»

wage

All media, w1, N=243 / 56

All media, w2, N=300 / 52




Nationwide, w2, N=80 / 14 35

Practice of payment

Interrelation of official and «envelope»

wage

On the average, journalist’s income varies

between 2000-4000 UAH

Question: Please specify which of the stated intervals best corresponds the level of

your income that you receive from your journalist activity per month.

On the average, income of journalists working in nationwide media is significantly higher than regional journalists’ income. Almost

one third (27%) of journalists gets salary lower than 2000 UAH per month.


2014 2014 2014

Up to 2000 UAH

2001 – 4000 UAH

4001 – 6000 UAH

6001 – 10000 UAH

10001 - 16000 UAH

More than 16000 UAH

Refusal

27%

34%

12%

7%

5%

1%

14%

□ □ Significantly greater/ less than all media BASE

TARGET AUDIENCE All media, w2, N=300 Regional, w2, N=220 Nationwide, w2, N=80

30%

40%

10%

5%

2%

1%

14%

18%

20%

19%

15%

13%

3%

14%

36

Level of salary

PROTECTION OF THE

JOURNALISTS

37

Perception of social protection is low

Question: How would you evaluate the level of social protection (insurance, paid sick

leaves, official maternity leave, paid vacation, etc.) of employees in your editorial?

Please use a 7-point scale where 1 means very low level of social protection, while 7

means very high level of social protection?

Journalists’ perception of their social protection has slightly deteriorated from 2012 to 2014. First of all, this trend is caused by the

dynamics of regional media’s opinion.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

1 - very low level of social protection 15% → 15% → 16%

2 13% 14% 10%

3 11% 11% 12%

4 18% 18% 17%

5 21% 19% 26%

6 11% 12% 7%

7 - very high level of social protection 11% 11% 12%

21%

10%

15%

15%

20%

11%

9%

23%

10%

15%

14%

19%

11%

9%

15%

10%

15%

19%

23%

10%

9%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



∑ = 39% ∑ = 46%

∑ = 44% ∑ = 40%

38

Social protection

Question: In your journalist experience have you ever faced cases of violation of your labor rights?


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, I have 35% 33% 41%

My rights have never been violated, while there have

been violations in regards of other people’s rights 15% 16% 14%

I don’t know because I am not familiar

with the labor legislation 4% 4% 3%

No, I haven’t 39% 40% 36%

Refusal 7% 7% 5%

37%

14%

2%

41%

5%

39%

12%

1%

45%

4%

34%

20%

5%

33%

9%

Question: Could you please state what cases of violation of labor legislation have you faced? (open-ended question)

Excess of duration of the working day 42% 43% 41%

Non-payment / incomplete payment of wages /

payment delay 37% 38% 31%

Reduction of vacation / refusal to give a vacation 31% ← 33% ← 28%

Harassment / humiliation 9% → 10% 6%

Unfair dismissal / pressure to dismiss 16% 17% 13%

Non-payment of sick leave 17% ← 15% 22% ←

Unpaid work outside normal working hours 7% 7% 6%

45%

35%

23%

16%

13%

9%

9%

44%

34%

20%

16%

17%

10%

9%

45%

38%

31%

17%

5%

7%

7%



Fact of violation

All media, w1, N=243 / 121

All media, w2, N=300 / 150





The number of violations of labor rights

remains high There is no significant dynamics in the number of cases of violations of labor rights, it remains stably high (51%). Among main

violations has decreased the quantity of shortenings of vacations, or rejections of vacations, or non-payment of sick leave, but there

is an increase of offenses against journalists.

39

Labor rights violations

Display of labor rights violations

Dismissal of pregnant employees is not typical

for Ukrainian media

Question: Have there been cases of dismissals of female journalists during pregnancy

or maternity leaves in your editorial?

Same as before, only 2% of employees remembered cases of dismissals of female journalists during their pregnancy or maternity

leave.

Same as in 2012, nationwide journalists are less confident in this statement – probably, because of a large amount of employees in

editorials.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Yes, such cases happened 2% 3% 0%

Such cases may have happened, but I have never

heard of them 8% 5% 17%

No, such cases never happened 78% 83% 62%


2%

9%

79%

8%

2%

7%

84%

6%

3%

15%

68%

15%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Dismissal of pregnant employees

JURISTIC LITERACY

41

Journalists often name two laws –

on information and on printed media

Question: Please, name the main laws of Ukraine that regulate rights and responsibilities of journalists (open-ended question)

Awareness of the laws «Printed Media (Press) in Ukraine Act» and on «Television and Radio Act of Ukraine» has increased in top-

group from 2012 to 2014. Same as before, journalists remember just a few acts regulating their rights and duties by themselves –

on the average each journalist only names 3 acts.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Information Act of Ukraine 68% 70% 64%

Printed Media (Press) In Ukraine Act 61% → 61% → 62%

Television and Radio Act of Ukraine 29% → 29% → 29% →

Constitution of Ukraine 31% 31% 33%

Access to Public Information Act of Ukraine 29% 31% 24%

Information Agency Act of Ukraine 15% → 15% 17% →

State Support of Media and Social Protection of Journalists Act of Ukraine 22% 22% 22%

Coverage of the Activities of State and Local Government Bodies in Ukraine

in Mass Media Act of Ukraine 13% 11% 19%

Advertisement Act of Ukraine 5% → 6% → 2% →

Criminal Code 9% 12% 2% →

Civil Code of Ukraine 6% 5% 7%

Copyright and Related Rights Act of Ukraine 7% 7% 9%

Protection of Personal Data 3% 4% 2%

Protection of Public Morals 1% 1% 3%

National Security Information Act of Ukraine 2% 2% 5%

Publishing Business Act of Ukraine 1% 1% 2%

Elections of People’s Deputies Act of Ukraine 2% 2% 2%

Law on Amendments…concerning Protection of Honor, Dignity and Business Reputation of Individuals… 0% 1% 0%

68%

67%

38%

31%

26%

21%

21%

17%

11%

10%

7%

5%

4%

2%

2%

1%

1%

1%

70%

67%

36%

31%

27%

19%

21%

17%

12%

11%

6%

5%

6%

3%

2%

1%

1%

0%

61%

66%

44%

30%

25%

28%

20%

16%

9%

9%

9%

8%

0%

0%

1%

1%

0%

1%

BASE



Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220




Spontaneous awareness of acts regulating

journalists’ rights and duties

The overwhelming majority of journalists

is only familiar with 4 acts

Question: Statements of which of the following Acts of Ukraine are you familiar with?

Awareness of the Ukrainian laws «Information Act of Ukraine» and «Access to Public Information Act of Ukraine» has increased

since 2012. Number of mentions of «Act on Elections of People’s Deputies» in top-list has decreased


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Information Act of Ukraine 85% → 84% → 86%

Access to Public Information Act of Ukraine 83% → 82% → 86%


Printed Media (Press) In Ukraine Act 70% 70% 69%

Advertisement Act of Ukraine 58% 61% 48%

Elections of People’s Deputies Act of Ukraine 67% ← 66% 69% ←

Copyright and Related Rights Act of Ukraine 52% 51% 55%

Television and Radio Act of Ukraine 44% 39% 57%


State Support of Media and Social Protection of Journalists Act of Ukraine 36% 35% 40% Coverage of the Activities of State and Local Government Bodies in Ukraine

in Mass Media Act of Ukraine 38% 38% 36%

Information Agency Act of Ukraine 31% 29% 36%

National Security Information Act of Ukraine 35% 32% 43%

Law on Amendments…concerning Protection of Honor, Dignity and Business Reputation of Individuals… 21% 21% 22%

Public Television and Radio Broadcasting in Ukraine Act of Ukraine 18% 17% 21%

National Council of Ukraine on Television and Radio Broadcasting Act of Ukraine 21% ← 21% ← 22% ←

Publishing Business Act of Ukraine 17% 16% 17%

Professional Creative Workers and Creative Unions Act of Ukraine 13% 10% 22%

Security of Information in Automation Systems Act of Ukraine 11% 10% 14%

Broadcasting Act of Ukraine 12% ← 11% ← 12%

Scientific and Technical Information Act of Ukraine 7% ← 7% ← 7%

90%

89%

83%

74%

61%

60%

59%

48%

43%

37%

36%

35%

30%

23%

18%

15%

14%

13%

12%

4%

4%

92%

90%

84%

77%

64%

63%

56%

45%

43%

40%

39%

36%

29%

25%

16%

15%

14%

13%

11%

2%

3%

84%

86%

80%

66%

54%

51%

65%

56%

43%

28%

30%

35%

35%

19%

21%

14%

15%

15%

14%

8%

5%

BASE



Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220




Overall awareness of acts regulating

journalists’ rights and duties

Journalists consider Constitution of Ukraine as

the main act protecting human rights and dignity

Question: Please, name the main laws and regulative acts of Ukraine that protect human honor and dignity (open-ended question).

From 2012 to 2014 has increased the number of journalists who correctly consider Civil Code as one of the acts protecting human

honor and dignity.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014


Civil Code of Ukraine 30% → 30% → 28%


Criminal Code 10% 10% 12%

Protection of Public Morals 4% → 4% 2% →

Protection of Personal Data 5% 5% 2%

Printed Media (Press) In Ukraine Act 4% 3% 5%

Access to Public Information Act of Ukraine 4% 4% 3%

Television and Radio Act of Ukraine 2% 2% 3%

75%

41%

12%

11%

8%

7%

6%

4%

4%

77%

43%

13%

10%

7%

8%

6%

4%

5%

70%

36%

11%

13%

10%

5%

5%

3%

1%

Question: Statements of which of the following Acts or Bylaws protecting human dignity, are you familiar with?



Criminal Code 62% ← 60% ← 67%

Elections of People’s Deputies Act of Ukraine 58% ← 59% ← 57% ←

88%

67%

51%

49%

88%

69%

49%

51%

90%

60%

58%

43%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Spontaneous awareness of acts protecting human honor and dignity

Acts protecting human honor and

dignity

The key elements of the query –

What? Who? From whom?

Question: Please name the key elements of informational request towards authority

bodies and other establishments? (open-ended question)

There is no significant dynamics in notions that journalists refer to the elements of an information request. Only the number of

references to normative documents giving permission to receive information has increased.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

The essence of the request 39% 42% 31%

Information about the recipient 42% 45% 33%

Information about the addresser 42% 46% 31%

Link to the normative documents giving permission

to receive information 17% → 15% → 21%

Hard to say 38% 40% 29%

45%

42%

40%

31%

36%

46%

42%

40%

33%

35%

41%

43%

39%

26%

38%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Elements of informational request to

the authorities

There is no significant dynamics in awareness of

responsibility for the violations

Question: Do you know what measures of punishments are provided for media / journalists for defamation and publication of misinformation in mass media?

Journalists are aware of the civil responsibility for defamation via the courts (71%), but a half of journalists improperly considers that there is

also an administrative responsibility for defamation.

Journalists are aware of civil, administrative and criminal responsibility for copyright violation. Journalists are poorly aware of responsibility for

the placement of paid publications/hidden advertisement (jeansa): only 8% of journalists know that there is a civil responsibility for placing such

materials.


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

Civil responsibility via the courts 67% 65% 71%

Administrative responsibility 49% 48% 52%

Criminal responsibility 28% 28% 29%

71%

50%

27%

75%

49%

27%

60%

51%

25%

Question: What responsibility is provided by Ukrainian legislation for violation of copyright?





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220





Criminal responsibility 35% 34% 38%

57%

49%

37%

59%

49%

39%

53%

51%

33%

No responsibility / It is not provided in the law 29% 29% 31%



Criminal responsibility 13% ← 13% ← 12% ←

Hard to say 17% 16% 22%

29%

28%

8%

5%

19%

29%

28%

8%

5%

19%

30%

28%

8%

3%

20%

Question: What responsibility of media / journalists is provided by Ukrainian legislation for placement of paid publications / hidden advertisement (jeansa) (open-ended

question)?

46

Responsibility for defamation

Responsibility for copyright violation

Responsibility for placement of paid

publications

EDUCATION

47

Journalists need trainings

Question: How strong is the need for additional professional education (trainings, seminars, short courses) that you feel? Please rate your need using a

7-point scale where 1 means no need at all, while 7 means very strong need.

Journalists’ need in trainings has not significantly changed from 2012 to 2014: every second journalist announces this need.

Appropriate format of conducting – Kyiv or native city. More than a third of respondents would choose distance education (39%) or

online courses in webinar form (33%).


2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014

1 - no need at all 7% 5% 14%

2 7% 6% 10%

3 11% 12% 7%

4 22% 22% 21%

5 23% 22% 24%

6 12% 13% 10%

7 - very strong need 18% 19% 14%

7%

6%

11%

17%

26%

14%

19%

7%

4%

11%

16%

25%

16%

22%

6%

13%

10%

19%

30%

10%

13%

Question: What type of education would be best suiting for you?

Training based in Kyiv

Training based in your city

Distance education (a set of online lectures on the

subject, home tasks)

Webinar (1-2-hour online seminar with connection

via Internet)

Training based in neighbor region

Video-taped tutorial

Training based in the editorial

62%

60%

39%

33%

32%

24%

19%

58%

66%

41%

35%

39%

28%

21%

74%

41%

34%

26%

15%

15%

14%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



∑ = 25% ∑ = 24%

∑ = 53% ∑ = 49%

48

Education need

Form of education

Range of needs is wide.

Ready to pay for transfer and food.

Question: Which of the following subjects for education are

interesting for you at the moment?

New media

Promotion of new media, use of social networks,

monetization of web sites N=192

New media: tools to create multimedia contents N=145

Management and development of media

Monetization of media – how to attract money to editorial N=170

Civil journalism: engagement of audiences into creation of

contents N=134

Study on audiences, marketing N=122

Management of convergent editorial N=86

Security trainings

Training on digital (informational) security N=167

Training of physical security of a journalist N=111

Journalistic proficiency

Journalistic investigation N=152

Proficiency in coverage and how to create high quality news N=131

Professional standards of journalism, ethics N=66

Media legislation

Legal protection of journalists and editorials N=153

Media legislation – rights and responsibilities of journalists,

editorials N=106

How to use the Access towards Public Information Act N=81

Operation of media during elections (legislation) N=69

64%

48%

57%

45%

41%

29%

56%

37%

51%

44%

22%

51%

35%

27%

23%





Regional, w1, N=185

Regional, w2, N=220



Question: On each of the topics please state, what part of participation

expenses are you or your editorial ready to cover?

3%

2%

2%

1%

3%

5%

2%

4%

3%

2%

2%

0%

0%

1%

0%

45%

40%

49%

43%

40%

37%

40%

43%

51%

46%

53%

46%

47%

43%

46%

32%

35%

32%

32%

32%

30%

32%

38%

32%

39%

30%

34%

37%

33%

39%

11%

14%

11%

11%

12%

12%

7%

16%

15%

14%

12%

13%

7%

9%

6%

6%

7%

5%

2%

3%

5%

2%

5%

8%

6%

3%

3%

4%

9%

4%

39%

41%

37%

46%

44%

49%

46%

36%

36%

37%

41%

40%

41%

42%

33%

All Transfer Food Accommodations

Education Nothing

49

SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC

PROFILE

50

36% 44% 17% 3%

73% 27%

79% 46% 28% 11% 10% 7%

33% 29% 3% 1% 24% 7%

53% 32% 17% 16% 16% 14% 13% 11% 6% 5% 3%

33% 48% 17% 1%

80% 47% 27% 9% 10% 8%

25% 34% 4% 1% 28% 7%

50% 32% 20% 19% 18% 17% 13% 12% 6% 5% 4%

45% 31% 18% 6%

76% 43% 31% 18% 11% 3%

56% 18%

1% 14% 8%

59% 34% 10% 9% 10% 8% 15% 6% 4% 3% 1%

37% 41% 18% 4%

69% 31%

78% 50% 30% 11% 10% 5%

47%

2%

10%

62% 41% 12% 13% 14% 5% 16% 5% 6% 2% 3%

36% 47% 15% 2%

85% 15%

82% 43% 27% 9% 10% 8%

52% 6%

42%

44% 22% 28% 22% 22% 25% 9% 16% 7% 6% 5%

67% 33%

84% 42% 29% 12% 11% 2%

24% 31% 4% 3% 21% 15%

56% 35% 17% 10% 18% 13% 8% 8% 8% 6%

81% 19%

76% 48% 29% 9% 11% 10%

34% 28% 3% 1% 30% 4%

52% 34% 21% 16% 17% 18% 10% 13% 3% 4% 6%

73% 27%

75% 46% 25% 14% 8% 6%

46% 25% 4%

19% 2%

46% 21% 12% 27% 6% 10% 31% 10% 6% 2% 4%

38% 63%

88% 63% 13% 13% 13% 25%

50% 50%

63% 38%

25% 25%

25% 13% 13% 13%

Web-based media Print media

Television media Radio

Regional media Nationwide media

Social and political Social

Culture, science, education Entertainment

Other Advertising, publicity, congratulations

Reporter / journalist Editor and reporter / journalist

Executive editor Columnist / blogger

Editor Freelancer

Preparation of materials Collecting and processing of information

Newspaper editing / duties of newspaper editor Editing of materials

Planning of edition, assortment and selection of materials Journalistic investigation Administrative functions

Management of the editorial Communication with readers

Promotional activities Newspaper layout

Type of media

Topics for

the contents

Responsibilities

Position in

media office

To

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Demographics

BASE

TARGET AUDIENCE All media, w2, N=300 Regional, w2, N=220 Nationwide, w2, N=80 51

46% 54%

7% 39% 29% 20% 5%

1% 6% 92%

41% 22% 11% 8% 6% 3% 2% 2% 1% 15%

1% 7% 34% 54% 1%

48% 52%

7% 36% 30% 22% 5%

1% 7%

91%

37% 21% 13% 9% 6% 3% 2% 2% 1% 17%

1% 8% 35% 53%

1%

40% 60%

8% 46% 26% 16% 4%

5% 95%

53% 26% 6% 5% 5% 4% 1% 1%

11%

6% 30% 59% 1%

39% 62%

9% 44% 28% 16% 3%

1% 7% 91%

40% 23% 10% 8% 6% 2% 2% 2% 1% 16%

1% 9% 41% 47% 1%

51% 49%

6% 31% 32% 25% 7%

5% 94%

42% 23% 12% 8% 4% 5% 2% 1% 2% 15%

1% 6% 28% 61% 1%

52% 48%

7% 37% 34% 18% 4%

1% 6% 93%

39% 24% 12% 10% 4% 6% 3% 1% 1% 15%

1% 7% 34% 53% 2%

45% 55%

8% 33% 26% 26% 7%

1% 6% 92%

44% 19% 12% 5% 7% 2% 2% 1% 1% 18%

1% 8% 29% 57% 2%

35% 65%

4% 53% 28% 14% 2%

6% 94%

37% 29% 8% 10% 6% 2%

6%

12%

8% 40% 52%

38% 63%

13% 63% 25%

13% 88%

50% 13% 13%

13%

13% 13%

63% 38%

Male

Female

Under 25

25 - 35

36 - 45

46 - 55

56+

Secondary

Vocational training

Higher incomplete

Higher

Journalism

Linguistics

Technical / engineer education

History

Economics

PR

Law

Philosophy/ cultural studies/ literature

Political science

Other

Less than 1 year

1-3 years

4-10 years

More than 10 years

This is a mere hobby

Gender

Age

Education

Specialization

Professional

experience

To

tal

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Demographics

BASE


11%

8%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

4%

4%

3%

3%

3%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

1%

1%

1%

8%

10%

6%

4%

6%

6%

6%

5%

5%

4%

4%

5%

4%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

1%

3%

2%

2%

1%

1%

40%

8%

1%

5%

10%

3%

4%

4%

4%

5%

3%

3%

1%

1%

1%

4%

1%

1%

3%

13%

8%

7%

6%

6%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

4%

3%

2%

4%

3%

3%

3%

2%

1%

2%

3%

2%

2%

1%

1%

8%

7%

7%

6%

6%

7%

5%

4%

5%

5%

5%

5%

4%

2%

3%

2%

2%

4%

4%

3%

1%

2%

1%

2%

2%

1%

14%

7%

6%

5%

7%

6%

3%

5%

3%

9%

2%

6%

6%

2%

5%

3%

3%

1%

2%

3%

1%

3%

1%

6%

7%

9%

7%

5%

6%

7%

6%

5%

2%

5%

5%

2%

3%

2%

2%

3%

2%

3%

3%

2%

1%

2%

1%

3%

2%

17%

12%

6%

4%

4%

4%

6%

4%

8%

2%

6%

2%

8%

2%

4%

2%

2%

4%

2%

2%

2%

25%

13%

13%

13%

25%

13%

Kyiv

Kharkivska region

Sumska region

Volynska region

Lvivska region

Vinnytska region

Zaporizka region

Luhanska region

Dnipropetrovska region

Donetska region

Zhytomyrska region

Ternopilska region

Mykolayivska region

Rivnenska region

Odeska region

AR Crimea

Khersonska region

Chernivetska region

Ivano-Frankivska region

Kyrovogradska region

Khmelnytska region

Cherkaska region

Poltavska region

Chernihivska region

Zakarpatska region

Kyivska region

To

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Demographics

BASE


InMind

+38 044 220 0042

[email protected]

www.inmind.com.ua

the survey of ukrainian journalists, 2014, internews

Marketing