The Teaching Profession‘’Teachers...are the most responsible and

important member of society because their professional efforts affect the fate of the

future ’’. Helen Caldicott

Seven Philosophies of Education

EssentialismContends that teachers teach for

learners to acquire basic knowledge,skills and values.

Progressivism Progressivists accept the

impermanence of life and the inevitability of change. ‘’ Change is the only thing that does not change’’.

Perennialism The perennialist curriculum is a

universal one on the view that all human beings possess the same essential nature. It is heavy on the humanities,on general education.It is not a specialist curriculum but rather a general one. There is less emphasis on vocational and technical education.

ExistensialismThe main concern of the existentialists

is to ‘’help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts,feelings and actions’’. ‘Existence precedes essence’.

BehaviorismBehaviorist schools are concerned with

the modification and shaping of students behavior by providing for a favorable environment, since they believe that they are a product of environment.

Linguistic PhilosophyIt develops communication skills of the

learner, to articulate, to voice out the meaning and values of things that one obtains from his/her experience of life and the world is the very essence of man.

Constructivism

To develop intrinsically motivated and independent learners adequately equipped with learning and skills for them to be able to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.

Formulating your philosophy of EducationPhilosophy is vital only when the questions are mine and so is the

struggle towards answers. – W Luijpen

• Your philosophy of education is your ‘’window’’

to the world and ‘’compass’’ in life.

• Your philosophy of education is reflected in your dealings with students, colleagues, parents and administrators. Your attitude towards problems in life as a whole has an underlying philosophy.

Philosophy of education includes our concept about:

• The human person, the learner in particular and the educated person.

• What is true and good and therefore must be taught.

• How a learner must be taught in order to come close to the truth.

The Foundational Principles of Morality and YouWhen you carry out acts of kindness you get a wonderful feeling inside. It is as though something

inside your body responds and says, yes, this is how I ought to feel. - Unknown

What is morality?Morality refers to ‘the quality of human acts by which we call

them right or wrong, good or evil’’.Your human action is right when it conforms with the norm, rule

or law of morality.(Panizo, 1964)

What is meant of foundational moral principle:Came from a Latin word princeps which means a beginning a

source. A principle is that on which something is based, founded, originated initiated.

What is natural law?

It is the law “written in the hearts of men’’ (Romans 2:15)

For theists, it is ‘’man’s share in the Eternal Law of God’’

According to St. Thomas it is ‘’the light of the natural reason, whereby we discern what is good and what is evil……

It is the law that says. ‘’ Do good and avoid evil .’’ THIS IS THE FUNDAMENTAL OF MORAL PRINCIPLE .

Teacher as a person of good moral characterThe preamble of our Code of Ethics of a Professional Teachers, ‘’ teachers are duly licensed professionals who

possess dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence’’.

Four ways of describing good moral character according to one Christian author:

1.Being fully human2.Being a loving person3.Being a virtuous person4. Being a morally mature person

Value Formation and YouEducation in values means the cultivation of affectivity, leading the educand through

exposure to an experience of value and of the valuable –R Aquino

Values Formation

Values are Thought and

Caught

Values have cognitive affective

and behavioral dimensions

Includes formationIn the cognitive,

Affective and Behavioral

aspects

Training of intellect

and will

Virtuous versus vicious life andtheir effect on

the will.

Max Scheler’s hierarchy of values

Pleasure Values• The pleasant against the

unpleasant• The agreeable against the

disagreeable

Vital Values• Values pertaining to the

well being either of the individual or of the community

Spiritual Values• Values independent of the

whole sphere of the body and of the environment

• Grasped in spiritual acts of preferring, loving and hating

Values of the Holy• Appear only in regard to

objects intentionally given as “ absolute objects”.

Teaching as your Vocation, Mission and ProfessionOne looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers, but with guarantee to those

who touched our human feelings…. Carl Jung

Vocation – came from a Latin word ‘’vocare’’ which means call. Based on the etymology of the word, therefore means a call.

Mission – came from the Latin word ‘’misio’’ which means ‘’to send’’.

Teaching Mission and/or Job?If you are doing it only because you are paid for it, it’s a job;If you are doing it not only for the pay but also for service it’s a mission

If you quit because your boss or colleague criticized you, it’s a job;If you keep on teaching out of love, it’s a mission

If you teach because it does not interfere with your other activities, it’s a job;If you are committed to teaching even if it means letting to go of other activities, it’s a mission

If you quit because no one praises or thanks you for what you do, it’s a job;If you remain teaching even though nobody recognizes your efforts, it’s a mission.

It is hard to get excited about a teaching job; Its almost impossible not to get excited about a mission

If our concern is success it’s a job;If our concern is success plus faithfulness, it’s a mission

An average school is filled by teachers doing their job;A great school is filled with teachers involved in a mission of teaching. Adapted from Ministry of Job Anna Sandberg

Chapter TwoThe Teacher in the Classroom and Community

‘’The teacher is a diplomat and ambassador of tact and sensitivity, as he/she facilitates productive, positive interactions, among the multiplicity of personalities, cultures, belief and ideals

- Unknown

Domain 7Personal Growthand Professional

Development

Domain 6Community

Linkages

Domain 5Planning

Assessing And

Reporting

Domain 4The Curriculum

Domain 3Diversity of

Learner

Domain 2The Learning Environment

Domain 1Social Regard For Learning

Acts as a positiveRole model for

Students

Statement ofPrinciple

The NCBTs are the standards of good teaching in the Philippines. It consists of 7 domains, 21 strands and 80

performance indicators.The ideal teacher functions well in the classroom as well in the

community. He/She does the following:• serves as a positive and powerful model of learning and leaving;• provides a social, psychological, and physical environment that is

conducive for learning because students from varied backgrounds are treated with respect, engaged in different learning activities and are motivated to work towards high standards of learning;

• facilitates the learning process by considering diversity of learners;• Implements curriculum effectively by making students understands

curriculum goals and standards, by his/her mastery of subject matter and skillful use of teaching- learning strategies and activities and learning resources

• aligns assessment to curricular goals, objectives and standards, uses assessments results to improve teaching- learning , and report assessment results to those concerned;

• links with communities to help attain curricular goals; and• Demonstrates a high regard for the teaching profession and embarks in

a continuing professional development

The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers comprising of a Preamble and 13 articles spells out how the teacher should relate to the state, the community, the teaching profession itself, the teaching community,

higher authorities in the Philippines, school officials, fellow teachers and other personnel, the learners, and the parents. It also states how the teacher should conduct himself/herself as a person at all places at all times including his/her business and financial matter.

The 21st Century Teacher ‘’If we teach today as we taught yesterday we rob our children of tomorrow’’.

John Dewey

Communication Skills Learning andInnovation Skills

Life and Career Skills

Information Media and Technology Skills

Teaming Creativity Flexibility and Adaptability

Visual and Information Litiracies

Collaboration Curiosity Leadership and Responsibility

Media Literacy

Interpersonal Skill Critical Thinking Problem Solving Skills

Social and Cross- Cultural Skills

Basic, Scientific , Economic and Technological Literacies

Local, National and Global Orientedness

Risk Taking Initiative and Self Direction

Multi cultural Litiracies

Interactive Communication

Productivity and Accountability

Visual Literacy – ability to interpret, make meaning from the information presented in the form of an image.Information Literacy- ability to identify what information is needed, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate the sources, evaluate the sources critically and share that information.Media Literacy – ability to critically analyze the messages that inform, entertain and sell to us every day.Scientific Literacy- encompasses written, numerical, and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science, its methodology, observations and theories.Economic Literacy- ability to apply basic economic concepts in situations relevant to one’s life.Technological Literacy- the ability to use computers and other technology to improve learning, productivity, and performance.

School and Community RelationsIt takes a village to raise a child

African Proverb A favorable partnership between the school and the community will yield bountiful harvest by way of establishing a conducive learning environment in the school and an orderly and civic minded citizenry in the community.

The teachers are committed to spend time, effort and expertise in serving the academic needs and interests of community members while the community leadership and authorities are equally willing to provide assistance by way of material resources and learning center for the school population

Teachers and parents from the community can establish a close relationship that can pave the way towards a better understanding of the difficulties met in both locations and jointly suggesting positive solutions. The same holds true with the strengthening of values and attitudes of students through modeling by the teacher in school and by parents at home

Linkages and Networking with OrganizationsWe cannot live for ourselves alone. Our lives are connected by a thousand invisible threads

And along these sympathetic fibers, our actions run as causes and return to us a results.

Linkages or interconnections, with institutions functioning along the same mission are intended to serve members of both sides according to their respective needs, interests and objectives.

Networking is a grid/web whose members actively demonstrate how they can work together to attain common objectives,

undertake innovative practices and update members regarding breakthrough in different disciplines.

International Linkages are as follow:

• Pi Lambda Theta• INNOTECH• World Council for

Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI)

• Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD)

Networking With Foundations• The Educational Research and

Development Assistance ( ERDA)• Metrobank Foundation Inc.• Network of Outstanding Teachers

and Educators (NOTED)• Ayala Foundation Inc.• GMA Foundation• SM Foundation Inc.• Foundation for Upgrading

Standards in Education (FUSE)• Philippine Foundation for Science

and Technology (PFST)• Books for the Barrio and Asia

Foundation• Bato Balani Foundation• Philippine Business for Education

( PBed)

Chapter ThreeOn becoming a Global Teacher

Being world class does not mean going internationally and showing our best out there. Being world class is a passion and commitment to our profession; being world class is giving our best to

teaching. Being world class starts right inside the classroom. – Conrado de Quiros

Offers new curricular dimensionsAnd possibilities, current, scientificAnd technological breakthroughs

For completely new frontiers in education

Paves the way for borderless education to respond to the needsof educating children of the world

they are entering.

Education embraces today’s challengesas national borders are opened

Poses variety of goals ranging from increased

Knowledge about the peopleOf the world to resolutions of

Global problems, fromIncreased influence in

Foreign languages To the people

Global Education and Global TeachersBenchmarking is learning the best from the past practices of the world’s best

educational systems.

GLOBAL EDUCATION

UNESCO defines global education as a goal to become

Aware of educational conditions or lack of

it, in developingcountries

A curriculum that isinternational in scope

which prepares today’syouth around the world

to function in one world environment

under teachers who are intellectually, professionally

and humanisticallyprepares

The United Nations 6 goals to achieve some standards

of education place in by 2015 worldwide

1. Expand early childhood care education;

2. Provide free and compulsory primary education for all;

3. Promote learning and life skills for young and adult;

4. Increase adult literacy by 50%5. Achieve gender parity by 2005,

gender quality by 2015;6. Improve quality education

Global Teachers

* is a competent teacher who is armed with enough skills, appropriate attitude and universal values to teach students with both time tested as well as modern technologies in education in any place in the world.

*he or she is someone who thinks and acts both locally and globally with world –wide perspectives, right in the communities where he or she is situated.

Qualities of a Global Filipino Teachers:

• understands how this world is interconnected • recognizes that the world has rich variety of ways of life• has a vision of the future sees what the future would be for himself/herself and the students• must be creative and innovative;• must understand ,respect and be tolerant of the diversity of cultures.• must believe and take action for education that will sustain the future;• must be able to facilitate digitally- mediated learning;• must have depth of knowledge• must possess good communication skills ( for Filipino teachers to be multi- lingual).• must possess the competencies of a professional teacher as embodied in the National Competency-

Based Standards for teachers ( NCBTS)

A Closer Look on the Education System of Selected Countries

Benchmarking is learning the best from the best practices of the world’s best educational systems.

• Multicultural education anchors on the diversity of learners . It enables teachers and educators to give value to the differences in prior knowledge, experiences of learners from diverse background and familiarity with students’ histories of diverse cultures

• Teachers should teach and students should learn about the values shared by virtually all cultural groups like justice, equality, compassion and charity among others.

• Kindergarten or pre school, now made compulsory by the virtue of Republic Act 10157, institutionalize universal kindergarten. For every exit level ( Grade 6, Grade 10, Grade 12 ) in educational structure in basic education , a student is certified through a diploma or a certificate completion. The certificate or diploma is one of the requirements for entrance to higher or tertiary education, which is available almost in almost all of the countries. With the implementation of K to 12 in the Philippines, the number of years in basic education is now equal to those of the countries in the world.

Multicultural Diversity: A challenge to Global TeachersAll men are pretty much alike. It is only by culture that they are set apart. Confucius

Teacher Exchange Programs enhance professional development and broaden perspectives

The major goal of multicultural education is to transform the school so that the male and female students, exceptional learners, as well as students coming from diverse cultural, social –class, racial and ethnic groups will experience an equal opportunity to learn in school

( James Banks 1975 Sadker,1991)

Multiculturalism has broadened and deepened our traditional curriculum into a wider range of accommodating cultures not of the teachers’ cultural alone.

It has understood fundamental concepts which before were given less importance. Below are some basic assumptions that will enhance teacher

development

• No two learners are alike.• Children in all classrooms are

heterogeneous.• Strategies that work with one leaner

may not work with the another.• Student’s background and

experiences should be considered when teaching.

• Community members from various ethnic groups can assist teachers in facing issues of ethnic differences and similarities.

Broadening Teaching Perspectives:Teacher Exchange Programs

We cannot hold the torch to light another ‘s path without brightening our own – Ben Sweetland

To become a global teacher, you need to broaden your teaching perspectives. Expanding your experiences beyond the confines of your classroom to the wider learning environment of the world is one of the many avenues in order to achieve a global of competitiveness. Opportunities for this endeavor can be achieved through teacher exchange programs. See below programs that still exists:

1. Visiting International Faculty Program2. Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program3. Inter-African Teacher Exchanges4. Canadian Educators exchange5. Global Teachers Millennium Awards

Bringing the World Into the Classroom Through Educational Technology

‘’Digitally-mediated learning encompasses more than knowledge of new technology tools. Educators must be prepared to mediate learning through ever-evolving digital tools. Media is rapidly taking over teaching as a students learn from gaming , open source knowledge, virtual

scenarios, avatars and Second Life. Educators must prepare for facilitative roles that can harness these opportunities to be best student advantage’’. Jane Bailey

• Technology provides support to the solution of meaningful problems• Technology acts as a cognitive support.• Technology promotes collaboration as well as independent learning. (Goldman, S, Williams R. et al, 1999 )

Various technology programs that can be used to assist teachers to be innovative in teaching:

• Stand Alone Program – Some programs are available as ‘’stand alone’’ software, videodisc, or CD-ROM media

• Programs Available on the Internet – There are several programs available on the Internet from where the school can choose a site. Knowledge Integration Environment (KIE)

• Information Databases – Many forms of print- based materials are now available in electronic form. The entire set of the National Geographic magazine is now on CD-ROM. Encarta and Grollier provide access to vast information. These resources take advantage of hypermedia.

HYPERMEDIA: the ability to jump in a nonlinear fashion to related information, whether that information is text, graphic video or sound.

Basic Laws on the Professionalization of Teaching

In recognition of the vital role of a teachers in nation building and as an incentives to raise the morale of the teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as professionals and teaching be recognized as a profession.

On January 1, 1997 President decree 1006, entitled Providing for the Professionalization of Teachers, Regulating their Practice in the Philippines, otherwise known as the Decree Professionalizing Teaching was proclaimed. With this presidential proclamation, teaching became professionalized in the Philippines. The proclamation of PD 1006 was premised on the following:

1.’’the institutions of the country have relied upon … teachers whose direct and continuing interaction with the young people and the children make then potent forces for the development of proper attitudes among the citizenry.

2.the tremendous growth of the teaching population, comprising in the civil service sector alone more than 300,000 teachers deployed all over the country;

3. to insure that in the immediately and urgency of teacher recruitment, qualitative requirements are not overlooked, it has become necessary to regulate the teaching profession;

4. teaching requires a number of years of collegiate study, it is the only curse that is not yet considered a profession and

5. In recognition of the vital role of teachers in nation- building and as an incentive to raise the morale of teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as profession’’ ( PD 1006).

Republic Act No. 7836 An act to strengthen the regulation and supervision of the practice of teaching in the

Philippines and prescribing a licensure examination for teachers and for other purposes.

Section 1. Short titleSection 2. Statement of PolicySection 3. ObjectivesSection 4. Definition of TermsSection 5. Creation and Composition of the BoardSection 6. Duties and Function of the BoardSection 7. Term of OfficeSection 8. Qualifications of Board of MembersSection 9. Compensation of BoardSection 10. Supervision of the Board and Custodian of its recordSection 11. Secretariat and Support Services

Section 12. Removal of a Board MemberSection 13. Examination , Registration and Licensure RequiredSection 14. Scope of ExaminationSection 15. Qualification Requirement of ApplicantsSection 16. Report of the Results of the ExaminationSection 17.Issuance of Certificate and Professional LicenseSection 18. Oath Before PracticeSection 19. Periodic Merit Examination of TeachersSection 20. Failure to Pass the Merit ExaminationSection 21. IncentivesSection 22. Integration of the Teaching ProfessionSection 23.Revocation of the Certificate of the Registration, Suspension from the

Practice of the Teaching Profession and Cancellation of Temporary or Special Permit

Section 24. Registration by ReciprocitySection 25. Roster of Professional TeachersSection 26. Registration and Exception

Article IV: PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSIONSection 27. Inhibition against the practice of teaching professionSection 28. Penal ProvisionsSection 29. AppropriationsSection 30. Implementation GuidelinesSection 31. Transitory ProvisionSection 32. Separability ClauseSection 33. Repealing ClauseSection 34. Effectivity Clause

REPUBLIC ACT No. 9293Section 1.Section 15;(e) of Republic Act No. 7836 is hereby amendment to read as followSection 15. Qualifications Requirements of ApplicantsSection 2. Section 26 of the same act is hereby amendment to read as follows:Section 26. Registration and ExceptionSection 3. Section 31of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:Section 31.Transitory ProvisionSection 4. References to the TermSection 5. Separability ClauseSection 6. Repealing ClauseSection 7. Effectivity

Chapter V.“The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers”

There is no more noble profession than teaching. A great teacher is a great artist, but his medium is not canvas, but the human soul. - Anonymous-

PREAMBLE• A professional teacher is

the “ licensed professional who possesses dignity and reputation, with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence.. She/He adheres to, observes, and practices a set of ethnical and moral principles, standard, and values. ( Code of Ethnics of Professional Teachers,1997).

Resolution No. 435Series of 1997

Pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs (e). Article II, of R.A No. 78236, otherwise known as the “Philippines Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994” and paragraph (a), Section 6,P.D No. 223, as amended, the Board for Professional Teachers hereby adopts and promulgates the following “ Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers”.

• Article I - Scope and Limitations• Article II - The Teacher and the

State• Article III - The Teacher and the

Community• Article IV - The Teacher and the

Profession• Article V - The Teacher and the

Teaching Community• Article VI - The Teacher and the

Higher Authorities in the Philippines

• Article VII - School Officials Teachers and Other Personnel

• Article VIII - The Teacher and the Learner

• Article IX - The Teacher and the Parents

• Article X - The Teacher and the Business

• Article XI - The Teacher as a Person

• Article XII - Disciplinary Action

• Article XIII - Effectivity

The 1987 Constitution Article XIV – Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports

• Education : The state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

– The state shall enhance the right of a teachers to professional advancement.– The state shall establish, maintain and support complete, adequate, and integrated system

of education relevant to the needs if the people and society…– Science and Technology are essential for national development and progress– The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league

competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self discipline, team work , and excellence for the development of healthy and alert citizenry.

Republic Act 4670The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers

• I. DECLARATION OF POLICY - COVERAGE Section 1. Declaration of Policy. Section 2. Title – Definition.• II. RECRUITMENT AND CAREER Section 3. Recruitment and Qualification. Section 4. Probationary Period. Section 5. Tenure of Office. Section 6. Consent for Transfer- Transportation Expenses. Section 7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Section 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Section 9. Administrative Charges. Section 10. No Discrimination. Section 11. Married Teachers. Section 12. Academic Freedom.

Republic Act 4670The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers

• III. HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION Section 13. Teaching Hours. Section 14. Additional Compensations. Section 15. Criteria for Salaries. Section 16. Salary Scale. Section 17. Equality in Salary Scale. Section 18. Cost of Leaving Allowance.Section 19. Special Hardship Allowance.Section 20. Salaries to be paid in Legal Tender.Section 21. Deduction Prohibited.

• IV. HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITSSection 22. Medical Examination and Treatment.Section 23. Compensation for Injuries.

• V. LEAVE AND RETIREMENT BENEFITSSection 24. Study Leave.Section 25. Indefinite Leave.Section 26. Salary Increase Upon Retirement.

• VI. TEACHERS ORGANIZATIONSection 27. Freedom to Organize.Section 28. Discrimination Against Teachers

Prohibited.Section 29. National Teacher’s Organizations.

• VII. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENTSection 30. Rules and Regulations.Section 31. Budgetary Estimates.Section 32. Penal Provisions.Section 33. Repealing Clause.Section 34. Separability Clause.Section 35. This Act shall take effect upon approval.

BATAS PAMBANSA Blg. 232 – An Act of Providing for the Establishments and Maintenance of and Integrated System of

EducationI. GENERAL PROVISONSChapter 1. PRELIMINARY MATTERSSection 1 Title. The Act shall be known as the “

Education Act of 1982”.Section 2. Title – Coverage. This Act shall apply to

and govern both formal and non formal systems in public and private schools in all levels of the entire educational systems.

Chapter 2. DECLARATION OF BASIC STATE POLICY AND OBJECTIVES

Section 3.Declaration of Basic PolicySection 4. Declaration of Objectives

II. THE EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITY Chapter 1. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONSSection 5. Declaration of Policy and ObjectivesSection 6. Definition and CoverageSection 7. Community Participation

Chapter 2. RIGHTSSection 8. Rights of ParentsSection 9. Rights of Students in SchoolSection 10.Rights of all School PersonnelSection 11. Special Rights and/or Privileges of

Teaching or Academic Staff.Section 12. Special Rights of School AdministratorsSection 13. Rights of School

Chapter 3. DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONSSection 14. Duties of ParentsSection 15. Duties and Responsibilities of StudentsSection 16. Teachers’ ObligationSection 17. School Administrators ObligationsSection 18. Obligations of Academic Non Teaching

Personnel

BATAS PAMBANSA Blg. 232 – An Act of Providing for the Establishments and Maintenance of and Integrated System of

EducationII. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMChapter 1. FORMAL EDUCATIONSection 19. Declaration of Policy. The state

recognizes that formal education or the school system, is society primary learning system, and therefore the main instrument for the achievement of the country’s educational goals and objectives

Section 20. Definition. “Formal Education” refers to hierarchally structured and chronologically graded learning organized and provided the formal school system and for which certification is required in order for the learner to progress through the grades or move to higher levels. Formal education shall correspond the following levels.

a. Elementary Levelb. Secondary Levelc. Tertiary Level

Section 21. Objectives of Elementary EducationSection 22. Objectives of Secondary EducationSection 23. Objectives of Tertiary Education

Chapter 2. NON FORMAL EDUCATION AND SPECIALIZED EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

Section 24. Specialized Educational Servicea. “ Work Education or “Practical Arts”b. “ Special Education”c. “ Non formal Education”

Chapter 3. ESTABLISHMENTS OF SCHOOLSSection 25. Establishments of schoolSection 26. Definition of Terms. The terms used in

the chapter defined as follows:a. Schools duly established institutions of learning or

educational institutions.b. Public Schools are educational institutions

established and administered by the government.

c. Private Schools are educational institutions maintained and administered by private individual or groups.

BATAS PAMBANSA Blg. 232 – An Act of Providing for the Establishments and Maintenance of and Integrated System of

EducationChapter 4. INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOLSSection 30. Organization of SchoolSection 31. Governing BoardSection 32. Personnel Transactions

Chapter 5. SCHOOL FINANCE AND ASSISTANCESection 33. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby

declared to be the policy of the State that the national Government shall contribute to the financial support of educational programs pursuant to the goals of education as declared in the Constitution.

A. FUNDING OF PUBLIC SCHOOLSection 34. National FundsSection 35. Financial Aid and Assistance to Public

Secondary SchoolsSection 36. Share of Local GovernmentSection 37. Special Education FundSection 38. Special Education FundSection 39. Income from other Sources

B. FUNDING OF PRIVATE SCHOOLSection 40. Funding of Private SchoolSection 41. Government AssistanceSection 42. Tuition and other School FeesSection 43. Income from other SourcesSection 44. Institutional Funds

C. INCENTIVES TO EDUCATIONSection 45. Declaration of Policy. It is a policy of the

state in pursuit of its national educational development goals to provide an incentive programs to encourage the participation of the community in the development of educational sector.

Section 46. Relating to School PropertySection 47. Relating to Gifts or Donation to SchoolSection 48. Relating to Earnings from Established

Scholarship Funds.Section 49. School Dispersal ProgramSection 50. Conversion to Educational Foundations.

BATAS PAMBANSA Blg. 232 – An Act of Providing for the Establishments and Maintenance of and Integrated System of

EducationD. ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS Section 51. Government Assistance to StudentsSection 52. Grant of Scholarship Pursuant to Existing LawSection 53. Assistance from the Private Sector