the testudo and the battle of caer caradoc the romans chapter 9: case study
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The Testudo and the battle of Caer Caradoc
The Romans Chapter 9: Case study
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Sources for the Battle of Caer Caradoc, AD 50
• Literary: Roman account provided by Tacitus’ Annals 12.33-38. His father-in-law served extensively in Britain, not long after the battle.
• Archaeological remains: the site of the battle has not been conclusively identified. There is an Iron Age fort with a name that means ‘Caratacus’ fort’, but it does not fit the description of the site in Tacitus’ account. However, there are remains that could fit his description.
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The Battle of Caer Caradoc
Location: Hertfordshire, possibly near Caer Caradoc HillRoman general: P. Ostorius ScapulaTroops: c. 21,000 Ninth Legion Hispana and Twentieth Legion Valeria Victix Casualties: c. 1,200• British general: CaratacusTroops: unknown Casualties: unknown
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Battle of Caer Caradoc Account in Tacitus, Annales 12.33-38
Briton CaratacusVsRoman P. Ostorius Scapula
Step 1:Forge river
Step 2:Testudo;remove stoneramparts
Step 3: Scale fort; break Britons’ line between legions and auxiliaries
Source: http://www.battlefieldanomalies.com/caradoc/09_photographs.htm
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Roman army in testudo (‘tortoise’) formation
‘Testudo formation’ by Neil Carey - http://www.flickr.com/photos/ncarey/144042243/. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Testudo_formation.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Testudo_formation.jpg
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The testudo on Trajan’s Column, early 2nd C. AD