the transcontinental railroad-1869 a symbol for america
TRANSCRIPT
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The Transcontinental The Transcontinental Railroad-1869Railroad-1869
A Symbol for AmericaA Symbol for America
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Brainstorm- What important roles can you envision for
railroads in the future of the United States?
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Antebellum Railroads
1. no organization
2. no set gauge
3. various profit-seeking owners
4. favored Northeast businesses with “connections”
5. Lincoln in favor of Transcontinental Railroad-“bind up the nations wounds”
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What was needed What was needed to complete the to complete the
greatest greatest engineering feat of engineering feat of
its time?its time?
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1. LandPacific Railway Act of 1862
A. Created 32nd Parallel as the rough route for railroad
B. Designated Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad companies to build RR.
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C. 170 million acres worth $1,000,000,000 (1 billion
dollars) granted
D. Each company received 10 sq. miles of public land per mile of track in states (20 sq. miles/
mile of track in territories)
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2. Loans to build
A.Union Pacific-
1 mile=$16,000 on flat prairie or $48,000 on mountainous terrain
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B. Credit Mobilier Scandal--Stockholders created
construction company-Credit Mobilier
-overcharged government-$73 million for $50 million work
-donated shares of stock to reps. in Congress
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-VP Colfax and prominent congressmen (Rep. James Garfield)
caught-No removals but hurt
Republican Party
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3. Large, cheap, efficient labor force
A.CP-over 10,000 Chinese-100s lost their lives-Sierra Nevada-TNT and Nitroglycerine- C3H5N3O9
B.UP- over 8,000 Irish, German, and Civil War Vets
C.Illness, death, and “Hells on Wheels”
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May 10, 1869 in Ogden, Utah; the
rails meet
*Stanford misses the golden spike*
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Results of the Union: The
“Multiplier Effect”Speeding the pace of growth in many segments of the economy
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A. Increase in track mileageA. Increase in track mileage
UP-1,086 miles of track
CP-698 miles of track
1870-1880-amount of track in U.S. doubled
1880-1890-almost doubled again
By 1900- 193,000 miles of track
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B. A new concept of time1.Time of day = local matter-(12
minutes different from New York to Boston)- “High Noon”
2. Zones instituted by RR on November 18,1883
3. Became law in March 1918-Standard Time Act
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C. Hastened the collapse of Native American life in the West
*took land used by Native Americans for millennia
*nearly extinguished the native buffalo herd (reduced to a few thousand)
*government troops used to kill and track down Native America war parties
*Native American culture a victim of “progress” and “manifest destiny”
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“The only good Indian is a dead Indian.” General
Sheridan, former Civil War general
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Two cultures collide