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TRANSCRIPT
The transformation of media & broadcast video production to a
Professional Media NetworkJeff Goldberg, Technical Lead
PSOSPV-3112
• Introduction
• Broadcast production market transformation drivers
• Next generation IP video production infrastructure
• Conclusion
Agenda
Production Post
Production
MAM
Consumption
Contribution
News Gathering
Sport Events
Studio-to-Studio
Home
NetworkPost Production
Production
Data Center
Cable
IP
Telco (Wireline)
IP
Over The Air (DTT)
IP IP
Direct to Home (DTH)
IP
Wireless
CDN
OTT
Production Contribution Post
production
ConsumerSecondary
Distribution
Primary
Distribution/OTT
IP enabled distributionProfessional Media Networks
What do we mean by All-IP Production?
• Interconnecting live, professional-quality video over Ethernet inside the broadcast production facility
• Converging from SDI & Ethernet flows to just Ethernet
• Moving from SDI matrix switches to a scalable data center interconnect model using modern Ethernet switching
Video production (R)evolution
Tape based
15 years from Tape to
Files
Dedicated Infrastructure
Live Production
SDI - Proprietary
Non Linear Editing
IP Based
Media Based IP Ethernet Infrastructure
Live Production & Post Production
Core use cases with overlapping requirements
Production /MasterControl
Contribution Network
Video Editing
File Transfer
RemoteProduction
Industry Challenges and Requirements
Video/ Audio End Point Sync and Lock with Micro-sec AccuracyPrecision Timing and Synchronization
Deterministic Low Latency and JitterDeterministic Quality of Service
Zero Packet LossReservation of network resources across redundant paths for zero congestion loss
Network SecurityProtect network operations from any malicious attacks
Unchanged Operator Workflow
Fast and Clean SwitchingSwitching streams with minimal delay and on frame boundary
System AvailabilitySame or better then SDI-based system
Live Studio Production with SDI Technology
Video Switcher
Cameras and
Microphones
Graphic
Systems
Remote Playout
Playout
Video Switcher
Audio Mixer
Monitoring
Systems
Multiviewer
Video Router
Video Server
Relay and Clips
Control Systems with
Control Panel
Live Studio Production with IP Technology
Video Switcher
Cameras and
Microphones
Graphic
Systems
Remote Playout
Playout
Video Switcher
Audio Mixer
Monitoring
Systems
Multiviewer
Control Systems with
Control Panel
Video Server
Relay and Clips
IP Network
REST
Network Interface
Network Controller
Standard and Open API
• IP Network provides connectivity using complex routing decisions
• Applications best understand their traffic flows, the networking behaviour needs and connectivity requirements.
• Network Controller abstracts the network and routing complexity while providing control to the higher layers.
• Control System with Network Controller provide the policy control system
Network Controller
OF, Netconf/Yang,
REST/JSON
Application and Control System
REST,
RESTCONF
APIs
IP Network
Network
Controller
Layer 3
Deterministic
Network
Layer 3 - 10G
File WFFile WF
Video
WFs
GUI
REST
NETCONF
Video Display
PTP – Time Synchronization
NAB 2015 demo: Deterministic IP Networks• Layer 3 standards based
• Admission control and Policing
• Bandwidth Reservation
• Granular priorities
• Traffic shaping
• Deterministic Latency Cisco Open Daylight Controller
with bandwidth manager
Network Controller
Standardisation
• SMPTE’s Beyond the Digital Conversion: The Integration of Information Technology and Professional Media• https://www.smpte.org/standards/reports
• JT-NM RFT Gap Analysis Report• https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/groups/jtnm/GapAnalysisReport_231213.pdf
• JT-NM Phase 2 Interim Report• https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/groups/jtnm/JT-
NM%20Phase%202%20Interim%20Report%20for%20IBC.pdf
• Major technical challenges:• Transport of essence (audio and video) over IP
• Synchronization of audio/video endpoints
• Integration into control systems
Industry efforts to address all-IP Production
How do I generatea stable timing signal from an Ethernet port?
Source: an anonymous broadcast engineer
Smart Grid
Service Providers Industrial Solutions Financing and Trading
Media Science
Time & Sync markets
There are two “Things” to synchronise
Frequency Time
205-12#sh clock
*13:38:54.805 UTC Mon Apr 2
2014
There are two “Targets” to care ofAccuracy and Stability from Frequency standpoint
Reference Slower or faster
Δ = frequency offset
Faster Slower
Regularity = stability
R A N N
There are three “Targets” to care ofAccuracy and Precision from Time standpoint
R A
(1) Time reference can be
• Absolute (e.g. UTC)
• Relative
Mon Apr 2 2014
13:38:54.805 UTC(1)
Mon Apr 2 2014
13:38:54.815 +/- xxx UTC
But stability important too !
Relationship between Frequency and Time
R A
Mon Apr 2 2014
13:38:54.805 UTCMon Apr 2 2014
13:38:54.805 UTC
R
Mon Apr 2 2014
13:38:55.805 UTC
A
Mon Apr 2 2014
13:38:55.795 UTC
Slower
Assuming perfect synchronisation
Before next update
Goal of Synchronisation over Packet Networks
• Transfer and distribute frequencyand/or time reference(s) to distinct end systems • With synchronisation specifications
from one or multiple sources allowing high quality recovery.
R B
Packet
Network
Timing Network OrgansAn Analogy
Clock Servo
Node architecture
Local Reference
Network nodesNetwork links
Primary Reference(s)
Master clock(s)
Network type,
environment and
applicationStandard specifications
The TWTT Equation IssueTransfer mechanism with PTP message exchange
Timestamps known by slave
t1, t2, t3, t4
DelayMS
Offset = TS - TM
t1, t2, t3
t1, t2
DelaySM - Offset = t4 – t3
Offset + DelayMS = t2 – t1
Master time = TM Slave time = TS = TM + offset MASTER SLAVE
Delay_Resp
t1
t3
t4
t2
Sync
Delay_ReqDelaySM
t2 = t1 + Offset + DelayMS
t4 = t3 + DelaySM - Offset
TWTT : Two-Way Time Transfer
IEEE Std 1588-2008 Clocks
• IEEE 1588 defines clocks supporting the Precision Time Protocol (PTP).
• As network intermediate nodes, Boundary Clocks (BC) and Transparent Clocks (TC) aim correcting delay variations, in both directions (asymmetry).
Reference Clock
Recovered Clock
Ordinary Clock Leaf Slave
Ordinary Clock grandmaster
Transparent Clock
Boundary Clock
PTPPTP
PTP
AVB Building Blocks
AVB
802.1AS
Timing
802.1QatStream
Reservation Protocol
802.1QavForwarding and
Queuing for Time Sensitive Steams
Audio Video Bridging (AVB) - Details• 802.1BA: Overall AVB system
architecture• 2ms bounded latency through 7
switches
• 802.1Qav: Forwarding and queuing for Time-Sensitive Streams• AVB frames forwarded with precedence
over Best Effort traffic
• Credit-based traffic shaping of AVB traffic to smooth flows
• 802.1AS: IEEE 1588 (Precision Time Protocol) Profile• Layer 2 profile of IEEE 1588
• Synchronization to 1μs over 7 switch hops
• 802.1Qat: Stream Reservation Protocol
• End-to-End Registration/Reservation of time-sensitive streams
• IEEE 1722 “Layer 2 Protocol Working Group for Time-Sensitive Streams”
• 1722 defines Audio/Video Transport Protocol (AVTP)
• SDI mapped into AVTP Professional Video Format (APVF)
• APVF has frame count, line number, packet index in a line
Solving the SDI over IP issueStandards for uncompressed video over IP
Specification Year Description Notes
RFC 3497 2003 RTP Payload Format Comprehensive Header
Data video-aware
Pro-MPEG CoP #4 2004 Transmission of Studio
Streams over IP Networks
RFC3497 RTP mapping
w/exceptions
SMPTE ST 2022-6 2012 Transport of High Bit Rate
Media Signals over IP
Networks (HBRMT)
Video-aware Header
Data, but sparse
SMPTE ST 2059
• Focuses specifically on Time and Synchronisation requirements:
• ST 2059-1: SMPTE Epoch and signal alignment
• ST 2059-2: SMPTE IEEE 1588 profile
• Key points:
• Layer 3 PTP model
• IPv4 or IPv6 PTP messages
• Unicast only or mixed (unicast/multicast) PTP message model
• Network requirements currently unspecified
• Migrate thousands of “genlocked” devices on a TV station campus
• From dedicated RF distribution to IP based infrastructure
IEEE 1588 “SMPTE Broadcast profile”
IP based production model
• Combine transport & timing with additional standards for creating a full model:
• Leverage IEEE 1588 PTP hardware network capabilities where/when available
• Bandwidth reservation/control mechanism
• IP QoS mechanisms and capable hardware
• Keep in mind:
• “Tailored”: You get what you design & install
• Dependent on choice of network elements and end point performance
• System evolves with the sum of the components
AES 67: Audio applications of networks
• Series of Audio over IP standards in existence requiring interoperability
• Ravenna, Livewire, Q-LAN, Dante
• Includes timing (PTP profile), QoS and media streaming components
• Targeted latency (worst case 10ms, typically 1ms)
• Published in September 2013
• 1st interop workshop in October 2014
• Preparing standard update to fix language
• Supported by: Riedel, ALC NetworX, Wheatstone, Digigram, QSC, …
High performance streaming audio-over-IP interoperability
IBC 2014
• BBC R&D / Stagebox
• PTP endpoints
• Cisco
• HW PTP Boundary Clocks
• Tektronix / Semtech
• Hybrid SPG / PTP GrandMaster
• Trilogy
• IP Intercom
Joint Live IP Production demo
SMPTE ATC 2014
• PTP network with bandwidth contention: 4x 3G-SDI over 10GE
• Precision: 1000s ns (PTP unaware) vs. 10s ns (PTP aware)
• Understand the PTP requirements for your use case
PTP deployments in large networks
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
ns
s
S2_DEV03_DEV04_DEV05_4.log
Filtered Offset
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
ns
s
3 Cascaded BCs with 3 SDI Streams
Filtered Offset
• Moving from dedicated (SDI) infrastructure to Ethernet/IP platforms
• Content (essence) encapsulation via SMPTE ST 2022-6
• Requires tight Ethernet based timing capabilities
• Rely on IEEE 1588 enabled network infrastructure, especially for large scale deployments
• Understand timing requirements: per use case
• Enables new and simplified workflows
Summary of an all-IP Production
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