the transformation of russia & china
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The transformation of Russia & china . Mr. McKenna World History Marymount College. Russian revolution. The russian revolutions. The March Revolution: 1917 – workers riot over food shortages – soldiers refuse to fire on the crowd - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE TRANSFORMATI
ON OF RUSSIA & CHINA
Mr. McKennaWorld History
Marymount College
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS The March Revolution: 1917 –
workers riot over food shortages – soldiers refuse to fire on the crowd
The Czar abdicates and the Duma sets up a provisional government
Soviets, councils of workers, are created.
Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group under Lenin, take over the Soviets
November, 1917, Bolsheviks overthrow the provisional government.
A ROCKY START Once the Bolsheviks complete their takeover,
Lenin seeks peace with Germany, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March, 1918
Civil war against czarist Whites lasts for 3 years.
National groups that had been conquered under the czar revolted
Allies send troops to aid the Whites, hoping to get Russia back in the war.
Communists win out and takeover industry and financial institutions.
Leon Trotsky takes charge of the military
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
1922 – constitution with democratic and socialist doctrines, creating the U.S.S.R.
Communist, not people, hold true power
Use army and secret police, just like the repressive czars they despised
Lenin dies in 1924 – Josef Stalin takes power after a power struggle with Trotsky
JOSEF STALIN Lenin did not have great faith in Stalin’s
leadership qualifications Stalin proves to be more cunning than
the idealistic Trotsky Trotsky flees into exile and is later
murdered in Mexico by an agent of Stalin
Stalin enacts reforms for industry, transportation, and agriculture with mixed results
THE GREAT PURGE Stalin was obsessive and paranoid 1934 – Stalin uses secret police to
eliminate anyone he thought was a threat: older Bolsheviks, army heroes, writers, industrialists, and others
800,000 are executed. Over 3,000,000 are exiled to forced
labor camps in Siberia Eliminates 90% of military officers
THE NEW CHINA
THE CHINESE REPUBLIC 1911 Sun Yixian is the first president 1912 Sun Yixian steps down in favor of
General Yuan Shikai, hoping order can be restored
Yuan tries to make himself emperor instead but dies in 1916
Chaos increases
FOREIGN DEVILS ABOUND 1915 – Japan tries to make China a
protectorate, issuing Twenty-One Demands
Yuan gives in to some of Japan’s demands
1919 – Japan takes over German holdings in China; Chinese accuse rulers of selling out to the Japanese
MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT May 4th, 1919 – student protests start in
Beijing and spread across China These students and military officers
receive support from Russia in order to start another Communist revolution.
1921 – Sun Yixian and the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) set up a government in southern China
Jiang Jieshi takes over after Sun’s death and seeks to unify China under the Guomindang
GUOMINDANG MARCHES NORTH Jiang leads his forces
north to battle local warlords and restore order.
Stops in Beijing to strike at Communists
1927 Guomindang slaughter thousands of Communists, setting up decades of struggle between the two parties
MAO ZEDONG Communist party member that escapes
Guomindang attacks Seeks to recruit the peasant masses
rather than wooing middle class 1934 Mao leads 100,000 followers on
the Long March – 6,000 miles – to escape the Guomindang army.
Communists treat those they pass with respect, increasing support for them
ONGOING STRUGGLE 1931 -Japan invades Manchuria 1937-1945 China is the center of a
three-way struggle between Guomindang, Communists, and Japan
Pearl Harbor brings an alliance between U.S. and China
Turmoil continues after the war…