The Treaty of The Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

WHII 9bWHII 9b

PeacePeace

In July 1918, the Allies started In July 1918, the Allies started winning more victories and gaining winning more victories and gaining more ground from Germany.more ground from Germany.

By the fall of 1918, new members of By the fall of 1918, new members of the German government wanted to the German government wanted to negotiate for peace.negotiate for peace.

One by one, the Central Powers One by one, the Central Powers started backing out of the war.started backing out of the war.

1111thth Month, 11 Month, 11thth Day, 11 Day, 11thth HourHour

On November 11On November 11thth, at 11:00 A.M., the , at 11:00 A.M., the Allies and Germany agreed to an Allies and Germany agreed to an armisticearmistice– Armistice: a cease-fire agreement where Armistice: a cease-fire agreement where

neither side wins or loses.neither side wins or loses. Kaiser Wilhelm II is overthrown in Kaiser Wilhelm II is overthrown in

Germany, and a republic is formed.Germany, and a republic is formed.– Wilhelm blames the Jews and Socialists Wilhelm blames the Jews and Socialists

for Germany’s defeat.for Germany’s defeat.

AustraliaAustralia[1] 61,92861,928 61,92861,928 152,171152,171

BelgiumBelgium[2] 42,98742,987 104,987104,987 44,68644,686

CanadaCanada[3] 64,94464,944 66,94466,944 149,732149,732

FranceFrance[4] 1,397,8001,397,800 1,697,8001,697,800 4,266,0004,266,000

IndiaIndia[6] 74,18774,187 74,18774,187 69,21469,214

ItalyItaly[7] 651,010651,010 1,240,0101,240,010 953,886953,886

RomaniaRomania[13] 250,000250,000 680,000680,000 120,000120,000

RussiaRussia[14] 1,811,0001,811,000 3,311,0003,311,000 4,950,0004,950,000

SerbiaSerbia[15] 275,000275,000 725,000725,000 133,148133,148

United KingdomUnited Kingdom[17] 885,138885,138 994,138994,138 1,663,4351,663,435

United StatesUnited States[18][18] 116,708116,708 117,465117,465 205,690205,690

Total Total (Entente Powers)(Entente Powers)

5,696,0565,696,056 10,353,81310,353,813 12,809,28012,809,280

Entente Powers Military Deaths

Total Deaths Military Wounded

Central PowersCentral Powers Military DeathsMilitary Deaths Total DeathsTotal DeathsMilitary Military

WoundedWounded

Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary[19][19] 1,100,0001,100,000 1,567,0001,567,000 3,620,0003,620,000

BulgariaBulgaria[20][20] 87,50087,500 187,500187,500 152,390152,390

GermanyGermany[21][21] 2,036,8972,036,897 2,462,8972,462,897 4,247,1434,247,143

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire[22][22] 800,000800,000 5,000,0005,000,000 400,000400,000

Total Total (Central Powers)(Central Powers)

4,024,3974,024,397 9,415,3979,415,397 8,419,5338,419,533

Casualties During World Casualties During World War IWar I

(in millions)(in millions)CountryCountry MobilizedMobilized CasualtieCasualtie

ssPercentaPercenta

gege

Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary

7.87.8 77 9090

RussiaRussia 1212 9.159.15 7676

FranceFrance 8.48.4 66 7171

GermanyGermany 1111 77 6363

ItalyItaly 5.55.5 2.152.15 3939

BritainBritain 8.98.9 33 3434

U.S.U.S. 4.354.35 .36.36 88

The Big FourThe Big Four

What the Big Four What the Big Four Wanted…Wanted…

FranceFrance

Get rid of Germany’s military.Get rid of Germany’s military. Germany pay them money Germany pay them money

((reparationsreparations)) Put their Army in Germany until $$ Put their Army in Germany until $$

was paid.was paid.

Great BritainGreat Britain

Agreed with FranceAgreed with France Wanted to make sure Germany was Wanted to make sure Germany was

strong to keep it from becoming strong to keep it from becoming Communist.Communist.

ItalyItaly

WANTED LAND!!!!!!!WANTED LAND!!!!!!!

United StatesUnited States

Wanted democracy and self-Wanted democracy and self-determinations of nations.determinations of nations.

Wanted a international body to keep Wanted a international body to keep peace in the world.peace in the world.

14 Points14 Points

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace.Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace. Wanted to make democracy safe for Wanted to make democracy safe for

the world.the world.

Results of Treaty Results of Treaty

1. War Guilt Clause1. War Guilt Clause

France and Britain forced Germany France and Britain forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting to accept responsibility for starting WWI.WWI.

Germany was mad, but could do Germany was mad, but could do nothing about it.nothing about it.

2. Germany Lost Land2. Germany Lost Land

France takes back Alsace and France takes back Alsace and Lorraine from Germany.Lorraine from Germany.

France keeps army in Germany until France keeps army in Germany until Germany pays up.Germany pays up.

3. German Military3. German Military

Germany was forced to disarmGermany was forced to disarm– Could only have 100,000 soldiersCould only have 100,000 soldiers– Navy could only have 12 ships (no subs)Navy could only have 12 ships (no subs)– Could have no air forceCould have no air force

4. Reparations4. Reparations

Germany was forced to pay the Allies Germany was forced to pay the Allies money to help rebuild after war.money to help rebuild after war.

Total amount was $33 billion Total amount was $33 billion dollars!!dollars!!– $$392,433,486,462.40392,433,486,462.40 today!!! today!!!– They had 50 years to repay all the They had 50 years to repay all the

money.money.

5. New Countries Created5. New Countries Created

New countries were created out of New countries were created out of Germany, Russia and Austrian-Germany, Russia and Austrian-Hungarian Empire.Hungarian Empire.

Countries were created based on Countries were created based on languagelanguage

6. League of Nations6. League of Nations

International body created to keep International body created to keep peace throughout world.peace throughout world.

Problems:Problems:– Had no military force behind it.Had no military force behind it.– United States and Russia did not join.United States and Russia did not join.

Impacts of Treaty of Impacts of Treaty of Versailles Versailles

1. Germans Felt the Treaty was 1. Germans Felt the Treaty was HarshHarsh

They could not pay the reparations.They could not pay the reparations. The terms of the Treaty were The terms of the Treaty were

disrespectfuldisrespectful Punishments made their economy go Punishments made their economy go

down the toiletdown the toilet

2. American Isolation2. American Isolation

America did not agree with what America did not agree with what Pres. Wilson did.Pres. Wilson did.

The Senate voted against the Treaty The Senate voted against the Treaty and joining the League of Nations.and joining the League of Nations.

The US spent the next 20 years The US spent the next 20 years ignoring what was happening in the ignoring what was happening in the world.world.

3. Colonies3. Colonies

Colonies wanted to gain Colonies wanted to gain independence from Europe as a independence from Europe as a result of the war.result of the war.

People started fighting and People started fighting and demanded independence one by one demanded independence one by one throughout the world.throughout the world.

4. End of Empires4. End of Empires

No more huge empiresNo more huge empires– Austrian-HungarianAustrian-Hungarian– GermanGerman– RussianRussian– OttomanOttoman