Aim: How did the British Parliament assert its rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s?

Do Now: 1. What successes and Do Now: 1. What successes and failures did Louis XIV failures did Louis XIV experience? 2. Give two experience? 2. Give two examples of how the arts examples of how the arts flourished under Louis XIVflourished under Louis XIV

KING LOUIS XIV SUCCESSES

Ruled France for 72 years

France replaced “Renaissance Italy” in culture, manners and custom

France became the richest nation in the world and the model absolute monarchy

KING LOUIS XIV FAILURES

Dutch and the English created a balance of power to prevent any one country from getting too powerful

War of Spanish Succession in 1713 was a failure as the Treaty of Utrecht was signed preventing Spain and France combining

Huguenot persecution led to loss of skilled workers

1. Louis sponsored musical entertainments and plays by the best writers at Versailles

2. Classical Age of French drama – Jean Racine (wrote tragedies) and Moliere (comedy writer)

3. French painting, art, music and architecture became the model for all of Europe

4. Ballet created in French court5. Louis XIV was a patron of the arts6. French Academies – high standards in art

and science

In France, Louis XIV In France, Louis XIV perfectedperfected royal absolutism. royal absolutism.In England, however, things would be In England, however, things would be muchmuch

different!different!How did Tudor monarchs handle How did Tudor monarchs handle

Parliament?Parliament?The Tudor Dynasty ruled England from 1485

to 1603. They believed in divine right but also recognized the ParliamentParliament. Remember! The Parliament came about after the Magna Carta (1215) which made it clear that the English king must obey the law.

It was Henry VIII Tudor who broke from the Roman Catholic Church to form the Protestant Church of England (Act of Supremacy approved by the Parliament)

Henry VIII’s daughter, Queen Elizabeth I (who knighted Francis Drake), also consulted and controlled Parliament (“representative body”)

When Elizabeth I died, she had no heir. So, the ruling family in Scotland, the Stuarts, took over. Not only were the Stuarts not as popular as the Tudors, they didn’t know how to handle Parliament!

King James King James Stuart IStuart I

1. Claimed “divine right” and began lecturing the Parliament

2. Clashed over money (of course) and foreign policy

3. Constantly in feud with Puritans, Protestants who wanted the Church of England “purified” of Catholic practices such as omitting bishops and fancy services (James hated Puritan “dissenters”)

The King James Bible was a new translated version created in 1611 and has lasted since then.

In 1625 a new king inherits the throne…Charles I. He was forced to sign the Petition of Right which prohibited the king from raising the taxes without permission of the Parliament and he could not imprison anyone he wanted (habeas corpus).

Charles I, acting like a typical Stuart, signs the petition then dissolves Parliament in 1629. For 11 years he ignores the Parliament and had his friend Archbishop William Laud force all clergy to follow strict Anglican (English) church rules

The Long Parliament was the nickname given to the Parliament that went off and on from 1640 to 1653. In retaliation to Charles I snobbish ways, Parliament began to try and convict and execute Charles’ chief ministers (best friends…including Laud!).

THEN in 1642 the King Charles leads troops into the House of the Commons to arrest the most radical leaders…they escape out the back window…THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR BEGINS!

In France, Louis XIV was able to solidify absolute power. In England, the English Civil War posed a major setback to absolutism in England.

OLIVER CROMWELL dissolves the Long Parliament and leads the revolution.

REVOLUTION defeats ABSOLUTISM in England!

Aim: How did the British Parliament assert its rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s?Do Now: Describe how Do Now: Describe how absolutism was different in absolutism was different in England and France in the 17England and France in the 17thth century.century.

CAVALIERS Supporters of King

Charles I Typically wealthy

nobles Expected a quick

victory in the English Civil War

Proud of plumed hats and fashionably long hair

Well trained in dueling and warfare

ROUNDHEADS Supporters of the

revolution Made up of country

gentry (middle-class), town-living manufacturers, Puritan clergy

“Roundheads” because hair was cut close around their heads

Lead by Oliver Cromwell

1647 captured the King!

Oliver Cromwell’s Puritan “New Model Army” fighting for Parliament defeated the Cavaliers at battles such as Marston Moor. In 1647 King Charles I was captured.

What was Charles I accused of by Parliament?

Being a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and Being a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy….condemned to DEATH!public enemy….condemned to DEATH!

What was Charles’ declaration before death?“I am a martyr of the people.” He knelt, prayed and

signaled the executioner…his head was then severed.

What was the result of King Charles’ execution?SHOCKWAVES rolled through Europe. Parliament SHOCKWAVES rolled through Europe. Parliament

sent a clear message: no ruler is greater than sent a clear message: no ruler is greater than Parliament and Parliament and mustmust obey the law! obey the law!

The House of Commons (Lower house of Parliament) after the war abolished the House of Lords (Upper house of Parliament), the monarchy and the Church of England. The CommonwealthCommonwealth was a republic (government where officials are chosen by people).

What challenges did the Commonwealth face?1. Supporters of Charles II (uncrowned heir) attacked

England through Ireland Ireland and ScotlandScotland. After this, vicious measures taken against all Irish Catholics (banned to remote parts of western Ireland…anyone disobeying was killed on sight)

Under the Commonwealth, the English Civil War inspired a political and social revolution as extremely strict Puritan preachers enacted laws imposing a “rule of saints.”

What was Puritan society like under the Commonwealth?1. Sundays had to be observed or punished2. Theaters were closed3. No “lewd” dancing, taverns, gambling4. Puritans expected everyone to read the Bible (girls

also!)5. Marriages based on business interests6. No Catholics!

PRETTY FUN, HUH?PRETTY FUN, HUH?

Oliver Cromwell died in 1658. Since most people were tired of this strict, militaristic rule of the Puritans, the Puritans lost their grip on the Commonwealth.

In 1660, with a newly elected Parliament, Charles II was invited to return to England after being in exile.

What was the RestorationRestoration?The King was literally restored to England…although Puritan ideas of morality, equality, government and education remained!

England celebrated as Charles II, a young and popular monarch, returned and restored theaters, taverns and the Church of England. He had a lively court similar to Louis. After Charles II, his brother James II inherits the throne and starts trouble immediately. He flaunted his Catholicism, suspended laws whenever he wanted and appointed his Catholic friends to high offices.

What was the Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution?In 1688 William and Mary (James’ daughter) were

invited to become rulers of England and James fled…without a single bullet being shot or anyone being killed. How Glorious, a bloodless overthrow!

There was a catch: In order for William and Mary to be crowned, they had to accept the English Bill of English Bill of RightsRights.

What did the English Bill of Rights guarantee?1. Superiority of Parliament over the monarchy****2. House of Commons the “power of the purse”3. Monarch couldn’t interfere with Parliamentary debates4. Prevented any Roman Catholic from gaining throne5. Restated traditional rights of English citizens, most

importantly habeas corpus6. Later on, Toleration Act of 1689 (religious

toleration, except for Catholics of course!)

The Glorious Revolution did not create a democracy. It did create a LIMITED MONARCHY, meaning that there is a “constitution (in this case, English Bill of Rights) or legislative body (in this case, Parliament) limiting the monarch’s powers.”

Monarchs still had a lot of power but had to obey the laws and govern with the Parliament. The fact that England had a limited monarchy was about the most radical government for its time, considering how much absolute power other kings had in European nations.