the turbulent ‘60s
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The Turbulent ‘60s. Civil Rights & the End of Segregation. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). “Separate but equal” does not violate the 14 th Amendment. “Jim Crow” Laws. Laws passed between 1876 & 1965 that mandated de jure segretation What is de jure segregation? Where did the name come - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Turbulent ‘60sCivil Rights & the End of Segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) “Separate but equal” does not violate the
14th Amendment
“Jim Crow” Laws
Laws passed between 1876 & 1965 that mandated de jure segretation
What is de jure segregation?
Where did the name comefrom?
The name Jim Crow comes from a minstrel show in the ante bellum period.
The show involved a white man in black face dancing around and using exaggerated movements and voice to poke fun at African Americans. The name Jim Crow became synonymous with Arican American.
“Jim Crow” LawsA black male could not offer his hand to a white
male, because this implied social equality.Blacks were to be introduced to whites – never
whites introduced to blacks.White motorists had the right-of-way at all
intersections.If blacks and whites were eating together, the
whites would be served first and there would be a partition splitting them.
What U.S. organization spearheads the end of segregation?
Thurgood Marshall & the NAACPMorgan v. Virginia
Segregated seating on buses in unconstitutional
Sweatt v. PainterState law schools must admit blacks
applicants, even if a separate black school exists
Thurgood Marshall & the NAACPBrown v. Board of Education of
Topeka
Who was the judge that ruled in favor of Brown?
Opposition to Brown v. Board Arkansas governor orders National Guard to
turn away the “Arkansas Nine”Leads to Eisenhower ordering U.S. paratroopers to
enforce desegregation in Little Rock
Opposition to Brown v. Board Alabama Governor
George Wallace:“In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever!”
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott1955
Following Rosa Park’s arrest, African Americans in Montgomery boycott the bus system.
Their boycott last 381 days and made a powerful point.
This movement was led by a gregarious young preacher named….
Martin Luther King Jr.
Soul ForceSouthern Christian Leadership Conference
March on Birmingham – King is arrested, writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail” urging African Americans not to wait but to act nowMarch on Washington – Estimated 300,000 participantsKing gives “I Have a Dream…” speech
Fighting for…Desegregation
Right to vote without being harassed
Labor rights
March on BirminghamApril-May 1963
King & the SCLC organize a march on the “most segregated city in America”
King is arrested, writes “Letter from a Birmingham Jail urging African Americans not to wait but to act now
Leads Kennedy to begin supporting Civil Rights
March on WashingtonAugust 1963
March on WashingtonLeads to President Johnson passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964Prohibited
discrimination because of race, gender, origin, or religion
Soul ForceStudent Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
Greensboro Sit-In February 1960African American students
from NC A&T refuse to leave store counter after being turned away.
Movement grows until over 300 students come to sit at the lunch counter.
Instrumental in the desegregation of stores and restaurants.
Congress of Racial Equality
A Change in the Movement: Militancy & the African American Cause
Freedom Summer1964 Members of the Congress
of Racial Equality & SNCC trained in nonviolent resistance go to MS to help register voters.
Activists are brutalized, including murders by KKK & police
Race Riots
1963 – 1968 African Americans revolt in many of the large cities in the U.S. Opposite of Dr. King’s message of
peaceful protest
The riots are spurred on by…
Malcolm LittleAka…
MALCOLM X
Malcolm XUpbringing:
Early Beliefs:
Later Beliefs:
Black Power Term popularized by Stokely
CarmichaelWho was Stokely Carmichael?
First used after James Meredith is shot during his “Walk Against Fear”
Used a sign of solidarity in the black community Was MLK a fan?
The Black Panther Partyfor Self Defense1966
Aimed to fight police brutality in the ghetto
Militant, socialist organization
Positive contributions to black America are overshadowed by their violent, anti-police tactics
Huey Newton
And now…Walter Cronkite
April 4, 1968While standing on his hotel balcony in
Memphis, Martin Luther King is shot by James Earl Ray.
Robert Kennedy was one of the first to announce his murder.