the types of governments autocratic, oligarchic, democratic (presidential & parliamentary)...
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The types of governmentsAutocratic, Oligarchic, Democratic
(Presidential & Parliamentary)Unitary, Confederation, and Federal
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Autocratic- a single ruler has unlimited power. The people have no participation in the government
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Oligarchic- a few people or small group have complete control of the government. The citizens have a very limited role in the government, if any.
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In oligarchies a small group has control. Communist countries are mostly oligarchies.
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Democratic- a government in which the power is held by the people usually through a system of representation involving elections.
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Two main forms of democratic governments
• 1. Parliamentary- citizens elect members of Parliament ( the legislature) who then choose one of their members to become the prime minister (executive) or head of government.
• The prime minister is a member of the legislature.
• Parliamentary democracies are the most common form of democracy.
• Canada, Australia, U.K., and Germany are all parliamentary democracies.
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Parliamentary democracies (cont.)
• Many countries with parliamentary governments also have a king or queen as the official head of state. • Ex. United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia all
have parliamentary governments, but the official head of state is the Queen of England.
• The Queen of England in these countries is only a symbolic figure and has no real power. This type of govt. is called a constitutional monarchy.
• A constitutional monarchy limits the power of the monarch. (they have little if any power)
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2. Presidential Democracies
• In a Presidential system, citizens directly elect a president as the head of government and the head of state.
• The President (executive) is independent of the legislature. (The president is not a member of the legislature.)
• Ex: The United States, Mexico, and Brazil have presidential democracies.
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Citizens elect lawmakers
Leader heads the military and runs the government
Parliamentary SystemParliamentary System Presidential SystemPresidential System
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How governments distribute power
(The structure of the government)
• There are three main ways that governments are organized to spread their power.
• 1. Unitary• 2. Confederation• 3. Federal
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Unitary- power is held by one central government or authority. The central government assigns powers and duties to smaller units of government within the country.
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The United Kingdom has a unitary form of government.
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Confederation- a voluntary association of independent countries or states formed to secure a common goal. This type of government is rare in today’s world (normally formed for a short period
of time during times of war or crisis)
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• Unitary governments and confederate governments are opposite in terms of distribution of power. In Unitary governments all key powers are held by the central government. In a confederation, the states/ regional governments hold most of the power creating a much weaker central government.
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Federal/ Federation- power is divided or shared between one
central and several regional authorities (or governments).
The U.S., Canada, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Russia have a federal government. Some powers are held by the central government, and some powers are held by the regional governments, the states or provinces.
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Federal Governments
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The U.S. Capitol Building in Washington D.C. is where the U.S Congress or the Federal Government makes laws. Each state also has a capital city and state legislature. Therefore, the power is divided between the one central and the several regional authorities.