the ukrainian weekly 1942-31

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1942-31

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L L ^ -

L . 177.I S E C T I O N .

* [Ukrainian Daily

VOL. L. No. 1T7.

Dedicated to the needs and interests of young Americans ofUkrainian descent.No. 31 JERSEY CITY, N. J., SATURDAY, AUGEST 22, 1942 VOL. X

T O C H A N G E O R N O T T O C H A N G E Y O U R N A M E-. Althou gh Mr. Louis Adamic has never acknowledged thegrave injustice hedid toUkrainian Americans when in hisbook "Two-Way Passage" (1941) he linked their efforts to ^ ^

discussion by our readers whether to change or not to changetheir "foreign" names. We feel it would be interesting to recallwhat our young readers, already six years ago, had to say onthe subject. Perhaps itmay interest Mr. Adamic as well.The discussion was touched off by our editorial on th esubject (January 11, 1936). In it we declared that"A matter deserving of serious consideration by our youthis that of some of our people changing their Ukrainian family

he even acknowledged our editorial protest (October 20, 1941), ^ c o n f i n e d American-UkrainiansanH nrher mvitoota aa uroll acrainar nf\nof*rn- F r *and other protests as well, against his mistatements concern but includes other foreign-nationality groups as well, still foring Ukrainian Americans, still a sense of fairness on our part . i ! m i f i c a n c e int h e H h t of t h e c h a r a c t e rprompts us tonote here tha t his latest book "What's Your ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l ^ c ?Name," to be published early next month, and dealing with the, .. e x c u s e s | r e a d v a n c e d b y t h o 8 e c h a n g i n g theirquestion which vitaUy affects the happmess of miUions of A m e r - f a m i n a m e s c o n f o r m Anglo-Saxon standards It isicans bearing foreign-sounding names: whether tochange or Ukrainian name ishard to write in English andno t tochange the reasons for and agamst, and who should L , m o r e d i f f i c u k u n c e . o t h e r e t h a t * foreiga.and who should n o t - . s a book that it truly engrossing, highly , 8 0 u n d i n f a m i l n a m e a d e c i d e d h i n d r a n c e l n trade, businessuseful, and one that should be read by aU of our young Amen- and es8iony s t mo t h e r s ch , n a m e a in an e f f o r tto shed as rapidly as possible every characteristic that stampsan s of Ukrainian descent.Of special interest to us an d to them in the book arenot so much the several references to Ukrainians, as the lastthird of the book, which is apoignant narrative about a number of people whose lives were deeply influenced by the factthat one of them, a son of a Ukrainian immigrant, had changedthem asbeing of foreign descent, and thereby become 'real*Americans."We then declard that all these excuses were not justifiable,for"Even the longest Ukrainian name is not difficult to man-nanle from Sobuchanowsky to Nich ols then tried to keep e i t h e r ^ Q r a l Q r ^ ^ ]angUAge if it is s p e l l e dsecret It is astory that isvery thought-proyoking, and de- p n o n e t i c a l | y > w i t h s t r i c t a d he re nc e to pronunciation. As for the^r ve s - c omme nt h er e a ll it s own, wh ic h we sh all m a k e i e x c u e e ^ n a m e h a y m g a f o r e i g n t m g e tQ ft .g a h i n d r a n c e*m a succeeding issue. j t o o n e , g c a r e e r onen a g b u t t o l o o k a r o u n d a n d 8 e e the greatIn the meanwhile we desire to point out that what prompted business enterprises and persons high in the professional fieldsMr. Adamic towrite this book is the fact that, ashe says, I bearing foreign-sounding names.the unsolved and largely unrecognized problem of the "foreign" j B u t a f t e r all i s it o n l y a que^'on of money involved? Isname is having a subtle unfavorable effect on morale in t h e ; t h e r e not s o m ething more significant attached to retainingWar plants, in the military se rvices, and generally th roughout | o n e g cen turies-old name than mere pecuniary values? Is therethe country. i n o 8 U c n thing as love and respect for one's family, honor, his-Suddenly our names are more important than ever before! t o r y a nd traditions? Does one not owe it to his parents toin our American experience. We are obliged to fill out all kinds | receive the good name of his family, add luster to it, and passof applications, questionnaires, statemen ts, depositions. W e! i t on untarnished and intact to his progeny?mu st show birth certificates. We mu st have rationing cards. A person doing so (changing his family name) tears

lthough he may not realize it. H is attemp tSome do change it, some don't, some can t. canized' in this manner is only met with secret amusementIn the Army, Mr. Adamic cays, the toughest job for many ande v en scorn by real Americansthose whose forefatherstop-sergeants is to call the roll, for between one-third and c a m e tothese shores also as immigrants and who are proudtwo-tnircls of the names are "foreign." There is no official, 0f the fact.4eliberate discrimination against "foreign" names in the Army, \ "Glance at the American roll of honor and see for your-but many soldiers feel they are not promoted or sent to officers' | 8 e if how many foreign-sounding names appear upon it. Like-training schools because their names are Adamciewicz, Mikolaj- ! w } 8 e w ith the list *of municipal, state and national governmentcak and H eitangus, and not Adams, Mitchell and H oyns. S o m ej o f f i c i a l s Furthermore, during the last World War, did Americatighten up uneasily every time their name is called. Individual-1 object toher doughboys, bearing Slav, Latin, Teutonic andly, they don't know what to do about it. The same condition is |j e w is h names, fighting and dying for her? Read your Ameri-true of the Navy. c a n history. Is itnot mainly the story of incoming immigrantMore- than half of our war-industries workers have such I races, building a mighty America, and yet retaining their native"foreign" names. But many others with such names are hav-! n a m e a n d characteristics. And what is America today? ing difficulties getting employment in many of the war plants j W e OI Ukrainian descent are especially duty-bound to re-althou gh there is a shorta ge of labor. j t a m our Ukrainian fam ily names. Our parents are among theEssentially, though, this is nothing new, says Mr. Adamic. j latest arrivals and naturally they did not have the time norI t is an old situationmerely more needful of attention now;opportunity to make any outstanding contributions to Americanthan itwa s hitherto. And so he feels that this is an excellent j development. Such opportunities, how ever, are confronting usmoment for a glance at the intricacies, the absurdities, the,no w, young Am erican-Ukrainians. A nd there is no doubt but'humor of the whole problem as it concerns both the owners of that w e shall rise to them. And yet, how will posterity judgeI "foreign" names and thos e who find th ems elves obliged to ; our contributions to the development of this country if we* pronounce and spell them . jlose our national identity by giving our Ukrainian names vari-Mr. Adamic notes that this book is the result of a three |ous Anglo-Sax on, Germanic and Scandinavian forms?>"year. inquiry, takin g in all elements of population. "Let us, therefore, retain and cherich our Ukrainian fam ilyH ad Mr. Adamic sta rted th is work earlier, perhaps his names and show our Am erican spirit not by any petty super-references toUkrainians in the book would have been more ficialities but by real deeds."/complete,-as then he would have found s6me first-hand mat- Such was our editorial over six years ago which touchedirnd en the subject on the pagst^of The Ukrainian Weekly, off quite a discussion on these pages. Nex t week we shall pre-For six years ago, in 1936, these pages contained much spirited sent here some excerpts of this discussion.


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UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1342 N o 3155 ! * - W P3 3 m+O R N A(BLACK COUNCIL.)A Historical Romance of Turbulent K&sak TimesAfter Death of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky

By PA N TELEY M ON KU LIS H (1819-97)( T r a ns la te d by S. S h u m e y k o ) (1)

C H A P T E R II N the Spr ing of 1663, two t rave l le rs , wellm ou nte d, a p p r o a c h e d . K iev a lo ng theBilohorodsky Highway. One of t he m was ayoung Kozak. a rmed as for war; the o t h e r* by his dress and grey beard appeared to be apries t , but by the sword beneath hiscloak*, thepi s to l s th r us t in hisbelt , and the long scars onhis facea vete ran Kozak. Their spent horses ,the ir dus t-covered c lothing, c lear ly indica tedtha t the y hadcome from afar .W he n a bout a mile and a half from Kiev,the two horsemen turned to the le f t into a l a r gegrove and proceeded a long a winding road. Anyone who happened to see t he m tur n off t hus ,immedia te ly guessed where they were headedto . For the winding road led to C he r e va n ' shome s te a d , K hma r e s c he . T hi s C he r e va n w a s ave r y w e a l thy a nd me r r y ma n, a former Kozakw ho got r ich dur ing the l a s t c a mpa ign a ga ins tthe Pole s . It was the war when Bohd an Km el-ni tsky with hie K oz a ks s oundly th r a s he d thelordly Poles and the ir under l ings and drove thempell-mell out of the coun try. Cherevan manag edto win himself a grea t dea l of booty dur ing th i swar , and af te r it was over hese t t led down onthis homestead near Kiev.I t was already la te a f te rnoon. The sunshone mildly, without hea t , and it was indeedple a s a n t to see how its light spilled itself allover the green branches , the gnar led and moss-covered oak t r e e s , and the s pr out ing younggr a s s . Thebi r ds s a ng andc hi r r upe d so ga ylyand melodiously tha t the ent ire grove seemed tosmile in happiness with them . Only the t r a ve l le rs appeared to be som ewhat sad . No one wouldha ve judge d by t he i r c ounte na nc e s tha t the y

were on t he i r w a y to such a merry host l ikeC hr e va n .A nd thus the y r e a c he d K hma r e s c he . Alla r ound it were groves , enc irc l ing it like the very"kh ma ri" (c louds) themselve s , f rom which itderived its na me . A r ound it flowed a s t r e a m,with its green b ank s overgrow n with wil lowbr us h a nd th ic ke t s of r e e ds . A da m r a h a c r os sthe s tream and r ight up to t he th r e s hold of t h ehome s te a d . T he e n t r a nc e to it w a s no t a plainone , but the kind found in the hous e s of thenobil i ty. Ins tead of an ordinary' ga tew ay th erew a s a tower with a shingled roof. At the footof the t ow e r w a s an oaken ga te , thickly s tudded from top to bottom with na i ls . In t hos eolden t imes they had tobe constant ly on gua r d ,day and and night , aga ins t unwelcome gues ts e i t h e r T a r t a r s or Poles . A small window inthe tower over the gate enabled those ins ide tosee who outs ide was t rying to get in. L oomingove r the tow e r w a s a s toc ka de of s ha r p- poin te doaken logs , while a high e a r the n r a mpa r t rana r o u n d the e nt i r e home s te a d .A r r iv ing at t he ga te the younge r of the twot r a ve le r s be ga n to pound its nail-s tudded surface with his s w or d . The banging f i l led thewhole grove with its s ound , but no one washeard coming to let them in. At l e ng th the yh e a r d a cough ins ide , and then som eone, e i thervery old or infirm, began to cl imb laboriously upt he tow e r s t e ps to the window over the g a t t .me a nw hi le g r umbl ing loud e nough to be he a r dout s ide ."The devil knows," the two could hear hims a y , " w ha t s or t of people l ive on this ear th now!A nd thos e ba nging a w a y on the ga te , l ike theyw a nte d to break- it down, probably some or-dinary nobodies , coming from God knows where .Ah; nothing l ike it was fifteen or tw e nty ye a r sa g o ! T he n e ve r y th ing in all U kr a ine w a s n ic ea nd qu ie t and peaceful-like, like bees in t he i rw in te r qua r t e r s . H e n . . . i f t hos e c ur s e d Pole shadn' t s t i r red our Kozaks ' i re , and brought themd^wn on the ir heads , then everything wouldha ve be e n jus t as quie t today. It was bade nough dur ing the t ime of thePolish occupat ion , vet t oda y our own people are be ginn ingto pr a nc e a bout too muc h . G ood L or d! W h a t ' sthis world coming to. T h a t ' s w h a t I'd like toknow . ' '"That 's Vasi le Nevoinyk," sa id the pr ies t tot he young K oz ak . " T he s a me as ever ."" W ho ' s ba nging a w a y l ike tha t as if at hisown gates ?" demanded Vasi le Nevoinyk thro ughthe w indow ;

" E n o u g h of such ques t ions . You can see tha tw o ' r s - i w t T a r t a r s . Letus - in"

" G ood L or d! " the othe r joyful ly shouteddown to t he m, "whyt h a t ' s you, Pa volo t s kyS h r a a m ! . . . ' R e a l l y . I don ' t know w ha t to do,to open thega te , or to ru n form y m a s t e r / 'tp pe n the ga te f i rs t ," repl ied Shra am , "andthen* run w here you wil l . 4 -" R ight you are, r igh t you are, nay d e a rfriend \u the excited olddoorkeeper c r ied, andbegan- le t t in g himself1 down the s teps , ta lking: tohimself in the me a nw hi le : "Ahil l another hi l lwil l never meet; but a man with man will . L i t t ledi d my old eyes reckon tha t they would seep a n S h r a a m a g a i n ! "Fin ally he- opened thegate . Colonel Shraamwith his son ( for tha t 's who theyoung K oz a kwas ) stoop ed and rod e inside. V asile Nev61nyk,s o ha ppy tha t he did not know w ha t to do.threw himself upon Shraam and kissed him onthe knee . Then turning to Shr a a m's s on" G ood L or d! " he e xc la ime d. " W h y tha t ' sy o u r P e t r u s h ! A K oz a k! N a y . not a Kozak.bu t an e a g l e ! "Petro bent over in his saddle and exchangeda kiss with Vasi le Nevoinyk."An eagle, indeed!'- ' repeated the old man.%"If only two boatloads of such asyou had comesai l ing down to Crimea when was I perishingthe r e in the dungeons . Good Lord, well did Ilearn to know tha t our s e d T a r ta r c a p t iv i ty , a ndnever wil l I forge t it, ne ve r as l ong as I l ive ."In t ruth Vasi le Nevoinyk looked as if hehad been jus t re leased f rom those dungeons:ga unt , s ma l l in s ize , bent over , s ta r ing eyesdeeply sunken in, with lips set in such linestha t one would think tha t hen ever laughed.A blue jacket and an oldp a i r of t r ous e r s c ons t i tuted his . c lothing, and they fitted him as if

they had been borrowed.P e t r o S h r a a m ' s son leaped down to theground and took hold of the re ins of his fa ther 'shor s e ." L e a d us, Vasile, to pan Cherevan," sa idColonel Shraam, who had di s mounte d too." W h e r e is he anyway, ins ide the hous e or o uta m o n g his be e hive s ? He was always fond oftending the bees , and l ike ly he is t h e r e a m o n gthem now.""Eh, good s ir , " sa id Vasi le Nevoinyk. "al-t h o u g h he's got himself a t i dy f or tune a ndmay God keep him long on t h i s e a r th ye t hehardly comes out f rom among those bees .""Well . I s uppos e tha t he's forsaken l ivingwith people , and probably has become a rec luse ,a he r mi t . "" H e , a hermit!" e jacula ted Vasi le Nevoinyk."Why, tha t 's imposs ible . He could never i rvewitho ut people abou t him. Even now he" hasa gues t . Wait t i l l you see him."A nd ope ning a l i t t le ga te the old man letS h r a a m and his son into the a pia r y .N ow , w ho w a s th i s Shr a a m, a nd how w a s ittha t he was at once a pries t and a colonel in theK oz a k H os t?He was the son of a pr ie s t , She pur ny byna me , of the village of Pa voloka . E duc a te d inthe famed Kiev Broth erhood he was about tobe come a pries t himself when a Kozak revolt underH e tma n O s t r ya ne tz b r oke ou t , so he joined it;being of a f ie ry na ture he found it imposs ibleto sit quie t ly in his parish while his c ount r ymen shed the ir blood to drive out the Polish in-vader .Condit ions in U kr a ine the n had c ome tosuch a pa s s tha t the rulin g officials .djd any thing they pleased with the defense less c ivi l ianpopulace . In this they were a ided bythe Polishga r r i s on t r oops qua r te r e d th r oughout the c ount r y inhomesteads and vi l lages , who abused andopp ressed the g^eopie to a shocking degree , re-quis i t ioning food and l iquor without even thepr e te ns e ofpayment , assaul t ing gir ls and womenand murder ing those who res is ted, and in winte r t ime ha r ne s s ing the people to ploughs a ndma king the m p low the ice-covered rivers ands t r e a m s to t he i r va s t a mus e me nt . A nd the r ew as no one to whom the people could appealfo r relief, as even thePoJish king himself wasb u t a puppe t in the h a n d s of the s e na tor s ,nobles , andbi s hops . TheKozak leaders themse lves , appointed by the crown, went hand inha nd w i th the ruling officials in t h i s op-press ion of the people and poc ke te d mos t of

t h e 30 zlotys tha t each regis te red Kozak wassupposed to receive as his pay f rom the Polish

C ommonw e a l th . E ve n the Kozaks suffered a.gr e a t de a l of abuse* o their rights, aa m a t t e rwh eth er the y were> regis te red in the service oft he K ing or not . Of the regis te red ones , therew e r e on ly a bout s ix thou s a nd of the m, a nd be cause , of th e ir exploi ta t ion bythe ir leaders theywere of ten compelled to s ide with the Poles ; onlyduring Khmelni tsky^s t ime (f id they turn agains tthe ir masters in the cause of a f ree Ukra ine . Andso . the Ukra inian people had enough to compla inabout , espec ia l ly before the ir brother Zaporo-zhian Kozaks . whose t t led deep down in thewilds of the s teppe , beyond the r a p ids of theDnieper, lived as free as the wind, e lec ted th e irow n l e a de r s a nd H e tma n, and re fused to evenh e a r of theKing's royal auth ori ty . Per iodica lly the y s ur ge d out of t he i r s t a mping gr oundsa nd s w e pt th r ough thecountry l ike a wildfire,d r iv ing the Poles before th em and r e s tor ingfor the ir kinsmen some of the f reedom of oldentimes ,

Yet these i r rupt ions las ted but for a t ime ,for the Poles , a ided bys ome r e ne ga de U kr a inians , would manage each t ime to que nc h theflames of the revolt andonce more es tabl ishthe ir misrule over the coun try. Fina l ly, a r e vol tg r e a t e r t h a n all previous ones combined brokeout , ini t ia ted anddirec ted by B ohda n K hme l -ni tsky . Con sterna t io n s truc k the Polish nobles .T he y ha d to do something quickly and effec t ively , for all t ha t the y s tood for w a s th r e a te ne d .H a s t i ly the y set a bout pu t t ing th i s g r e a t c onf lagrat ion out . The y eve* blocked all r o a d sleading into the s t e ppe , hoping the r e by to puta check on the recruits flocking to join Khmel-n i t s ky ' s K oz a ks . But all in va in . T he f a r me rthr e w dow n his plow, the br e w e r his ke t t l e s ,t h e b o o t m a k e r his las t , and the bla c ks mi thhis ^envil , fa thers le f t the ir l i t t le tots , sonsthe i r a ge d f a the r s a nd mothe r s , a nd a l l , s t e a l th i ly, t rave l ing bynight , t h r ough the s t e ppe s , thethorns , c ross ing r ivers , gul l ies and r a v ine s ,p r e s s e d f or w a r d to the Zaporozhe , to fight be-neath Kozak colors for a f ree Ukra ine . It w a sthe n tha t " K oz a k f a me s pr e a d th r oughout allof Ukra ine ." A nd it w a s the n tha t U kr a ine w oaher independence .

Now, wh at had the youn g c ler ic, Sh raam fromPavoloka , be ing doing all t he s e ten y e a r s be-tw e e n O s t r ya ne tz ' s r e vo l t and K hme ln i t s ky ' svic tor ious war w i th Pola nd? To a ns w e r th i sw ould t a ke a gr e a t de a l of w r i t ing . E nough tos a y tha t dur ing the first winter he se t t led iaa hu t tha t hebuilt himself deep in the s teppe ,took himself a c a pt ive T ur k i s h ma ide n as hiswife, andpr e a c he d the W o r d of God to theZaporo zhians hun ting, fishing, or h e r d i n g intha t region. When opportuni ty offered itself, heoften went on w a r r ing e xpe di t ions w i th the mover land andsea , andl ooke d de a th ma ny at ime in its face. In t ime he be c a me so g r e a tand proficient a w a r r ior tha t w he n the warbr oke ou t w i th Po la nd hebe c a me a t r u s t e d a i dof H e tma n K hme ln i t s ky himself. He could al-w a y s befound in the t h i c ke s t of the fighting,dought i ly s l a s h ing a nd th r us t ing w i th the be s tof them. He was in so many f ie rce engagements tha t his body became fa ir ly c r iss-crossedwith scars f rom heal ing wounds , so t h a t hisc omr a de s dubbe d h im w i th the na me of S h r a a m( s c a r ) , with the resul t tha t soon his rea l namebe c a me a t h i n g of the pas t , known only to h i m .In va in therefore you will look for his rea l 'n a m e in the Kozak records . Fort h a t m a t t e rin vain you will look for the real name of m a n yothe r K oz a ks , forw he n a m a n w a s e n g a g e d inope n w a r a ga ins t h i s f o r me r ma s te r hew a s no tinclined to give his rea l name, at leas t not atfirst, and later it w a s of no account tohim w ha tn a m e he wore , so long as it w as an honor a b leone .

T h e teny e a r s of K hme ln i t s ky ' s he tma ns hipw e nt byve r y f a s t . Shr a a m ' s s ons be c a me olde nough to join the ir fa ther in them a n y pa igns . Two of them were ki l led near Smolensk;on ly Pe t ro was l e f t Andaf t e r Khmeln i t s kypas s ed aw ay , Shraam was s t i l l ab le to m a k e his sword s ing. Yet as he felt his s t r e n g t hebb ing , hedecided to rel inquish his commiss ionas colonel in f avor of s omeone younger tha i*he, which hedid. Cutt ing his hair in t he s ty l eworn then bypr ies t s he went back to p r e a c h i n gthe W ord of God . Pe t ro he s en t to t he Zaporozhe . "Atl as t , " he t hought , " Ukra ine has p roper ly thanked the Poles for t h e i r m i s t r e a t m e n tof her . Now may it live bythe people 's wisdomand wil l . "W hen lo andbehold! aga in t r oub le r ear edi t s ug ly head in Ukra ine . Quar r e l s and j ea lous iesamong the l eader s thems elves , and the Hetman ' sbu lawa ( s cep t r e ) became a play th ing for t h e m -T h e oldman ' s hear t s ank in di s may when heheard that Kozak blood was being spi l led beyondthe Dnieper becaus e of W yhovs ky and then-t h a t Y u r a s h K h m e l n i t s k y who succeeded thefo rmer as H e t m a n ; and when the H e t m a n ' s

bu lawa went nex t to T e t e r a , heseized his headin despair . From thence on, w h e t h e r e n g a g e d


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N o. 31 UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1942 ^ li i. 4 f ' - ^

U k r a in e k W a F r t T ravelerTN 1672 there appeared in England English Press References to Kozak* a translation of a French work on j WarUkraine and her Kozaks written ear-1 . _. . ^lier by Pierre ChevaUer. This Fren ch-1 l^e last reference by Brown to theman had written his account on ttte f a c t t h a t Bntish newspapers at thatbasis of his travels through Ukraine * * were pubhshmg dispatches fromthen and also on the basis of the * d j * * *** wars with thebetter-known work on Ukraine writ-! P o i e T * J v Probably meant suchten in 1651 by Beauplan de Lsvas-j* 8 ^ e following:sear, the IVench military engineer! "" * fceeiea aaet4e/* May 15-22,who had worked and lived in Ukraine 1*71 *for seventeen years . Beauplan, in-! "From Adrianople oe)r last lettersciderttally, also drew a large map of tell us. that the Grand Vizier hadUkraine, a copy of which was included, given directions for the speedy march-in the great atlas presented by the ing of 30.000 men towards the Uk-Dutch Government to Charles of raine, as it is feared, to assist theEngland. (Auother map of the coun- Cossacks under-the conduct of (Het-try, by Janssen, was published at man) Doroshenko, in their designsOxford in 1680.) agains t the Poles." June 12-15:

Chevalier's work was entitled,; 7"* ^ " ? w we u * e a r o f a '&*?, . . . . , . , body of Tartars that we come mto"Histone de la Guerre des Cosaques t h e ^ . " A ugust 7 -1 0: -"Wa r-contre la Pologne, avec un discours gaWf j u i y 264h. Our last advicesde leur Drigme, Pays, Moeurs, Gouv-jfrora the Ukraine have not a littl eernement et Religion, et un autre des j started us here, which tell us thatTartares Precopites." ^ e T1 a r U r 8d . Cossacks are joined! together, with intention to attacqueThe English/translator of thi s work jsome part of this Kingdom."was Edward Brown (1644-1708), who

The "Siteh" at Tube ef "Cherna Rada""PO properly understand and appre-jon campaigns could be sold. There

ciate Panteleymon Kulish's "Chor- j was also a small river harbor whichna Rada," one of the finest of Uk-jwas visited by Turkish, Greek andrainian historical novels , the first of: Italian ships.installment of which is appearing on Once a year the "kurenyi" electedthe preceding page in its translated j its "ataman"chief, and all the "ku-form, it is necessary, to have some! renyr" together, in other words theconception of the "Zaporozhian Sitch," \ "Rada," elected the Hetmanhead-that famed Kozak stronghold of Uk- man, and also all men who had torainian liberties which plays a lead- , fill posts in the administration. Alling part in the story. | important matters were decided by

Nicholas Gogol, wnom W.E.D. A l - ! j h e *ada...At the end of the winterlen, author of "The Ukraine, A H i s - j l o t e w e r e J**? to d e a d * w h *tory," (Cambridge University Press, a m o n * t h e *#w e r e to ProparaLondon, 1&40) calls "the greatest Uk-: [or , who were to remautrainian literary figure (who incident- t o ^ ^ ^ e S l t c h ' " * * w e r eally wrote in Russian) ," gives an at- ^ ? o f f n h u n t m * * / * * *tractive description of the Zaporo- d l t l o n s " Booty was divided into twozhian Sitch'in his romance . T a r a s ' eq ua l parts. One part went to theBulba," which, it is interesting to! treasury- ] the Sitch, and theo ti ie rnote, appeared not long before Ku- J ^ I T * ^ ^ * " & T? d ! ^ 5 !lishs "Chorna Rada." f o r t he. ^tch Church and for certaia

The Sitch, founded about 1550 by '"?naBteries which were supported by.Dmytro Vyshnevetsky, one of the fhe Zaporozhians was devided equal-petty Ukrainian princes living among ] * a>ng all the Koza ks- bot h thosethe Kozaks. on the island of K ho r- iw h huad tokfn Par* m t h e ^ P ^ S *tytsia, was later transferred to other a n d ] h o S w^o had remained behindislands in the Dnieper, although for \ to * d e f e n i * a n d **&&*.

Chevalier's Description of UkraineFollowing Brown's preface, ap-^ r u " of pears the first part of Chevalier'swork in its translated form. It contains the following description ofUkraine:'The country inhabited by the

was in his time a well known Englishdoctor and traveler. Brown was apersonal friend of Beauplan, whotranslated into FrenchBrown's well known at the time, "ABrief Account of Some Travels inHungaria." On the other hand, it wasat the advice of Beauplan that Browntranslated Chevalier's work under the I Cossacks is called Ukraia, which sig

a time it again returned to Khortyt-sia. The Sitch was a fortified campsurrounded by trenches and moats.

title of "A Discourse of the Origin,Countrey, Manners, Government andnines the Frontier; it extends itselfbeyond Vol bin is and Podolia, and

Religion of the Cossacks with a n - l m a r k e t h a P* 1 * o f t n e Palatinates ofother of the Precopin Tartars and the | * t e w i a ""* Brachaw. Some yearsthe History of the Wars of the Cos- !a* they made themselves masterssacks agains t Poland." It was printed | o f t h e Provinces, and of a part ofin London "by T.N. for Nobard Kemp, back Russia, which they have beenat the sign of the Upper Walk in the

frced to quit. This country lieth be-New Exchange." itween the 51 and 4 degrees of lati-tude, between which there is nothingAccording to Brown himself, the | b u t ^^^ ^ j ^ ^ f a r a s t h e ^

Engli sh public welcomed this transla- Sea, which on one hand are extendedtion with interest and much pleasure.

English Translator's Prefaceto the Danube, and on the other toPains Malotis, the grass of whichcountry groweth to an incrediblelength. Ukrain is very fruitful, andIn his pref* *e to his translation of tf t h e a r t h b e n e v e r ^ l i t t l e c u l .

Chevalier's work. Brown remarked| tivated, it prpduceth all sort of grainthat : jso plentifully, that the inhabitants

"Although Ukraine be one of the! know not for the most part what tomost remote Regions of Europe, and,ok) with it."and Cossackiaa name very Modern, The author then describes the un-yet that country hath been of latej happy lot of the Ukrainian people un-the Stage of Glorioa* Actions, and jder their oppressors: "The peasants inthe inhabitants have acquitted them-; Lkrain and the neighbouring Prov-selves with as great valour in Martial inces are like slaves, the same as theyAffairs as any Nation whatsoever; so j are in almost all places of Poland, be-that this and other motives have j ing forced to work three or four daysmade me earnest to put th is account in the week for their Landlords, andof it into English, where it cannot be, are charged besides with many otherotherwise than acceptable, since the j duties, as of Corn and Fowl, for theDescription of a country little writ-;Lands which they hold, and to payten of and the achievements of dar- jthe Tenth of Sheep and Hogs, anding People must needs be grateful :all Fruit, and to carry Wood andto those who, or all the world, are j do divers other days works ; add tothe most curious and inquisitive, and this the ill treatment which they re-the greatest lovers of bold Attempts ceive from the Jews, who are Farm-and Brave ry .. . Nor can this short ers of the Noblemen's Lands, and whotreatise be unseasonable, since most before the wars did exact all thesehave their eyes upon this country at Duties with a great deal of rigor;present; and it is already feared that and besides that had Farmed out thethe Turks or Tartars should move "Brewing of Bees," and the makingtheir inroads this summer into Poland of strong waters. So that we needthrough Ukraine* scarce a Gazette not wonder so much at their frequentwithout mentioning something of! revolting, and that in these last warsit.. ." they disputed and defended their liber-

Every Zaporozhian was free toleave the Sitch whenever he wantedto do so. He might also leave thej Sitch for a time and return later.

by stockades of tree-trunks. St iff Entry into the Sitch was confined tahedges built of dried branches andclay constituted an inner line of de-fense. Two gates gave entry. Within the hedge-wall were built long huts ;or "kurenyi" (with which it is in-1teresting to compare the communal,huts of the^ Circassians where theEnglish travelers Longworth and Bellfound lodging during their travels inCircassia during the second quarterof the nineteenth century).

These "kurenyi" were covered withreeds. Here the Kozaks lived, a hundred or several hundred men in each.In normal times there were thirty-eight of these huts, which were namedafter different Ukrainian toWns or !after famous Zaporozhians. Apartfrom the living quarters there were a;'chancellery," an arsenal, and food magazines; and in the seventeenthcentury the Church of Our Lady'sProtection was built. Beyond the! gates of the Sitch was a marketplace with shops and taverns. There! travelers were allowed to lodgeI Russians, Armenians, and Jewsand,in time of peace, Turks and Tartars. a simple question and answer; theThe outer market was a kind of a candidate would be asked: "Dost thoutrading center where the booty won believe in God?" and if the man an-, swered "Yes." he would be told to

""""* cross himself, and if he crossed him-|ty with so much obstinacy; for this s lf lt w a s considered sufficient proofsevere servitude hath disclosed all that he was a Christian. After that nathese brave Zaporowski Cossacks, o n e a s k e d h i m w h o h e w a s f r o Q 1whose number is much increased of where he was, or why he had come to late years, through the despair into the Sitch. which the severity of the Gentlemen The majority of the Zaporozhians[and the Jews cast the people of this w e r * of Ukrainian origin; but thereFrontier, which hath constrained w e r e * who had come out ofthem to seek their liberties, or th e M u s c o v y a n d White Russia, and aet*d of their miseries among the rest" certain proportion of all sorts ofUkrainian character is then de- nationalities, including a few fromscribed: "The inhabitants of Ukrain, British Isles.who are all at present called Cossacks, asand glory in carrying that name, are ofa good stature, active, strong, anddexterous in what they do, liberal

taml little caring to^ gather Riches,great lovers of liberty, and that cannot suffer any yoak; unwearied, boldand brave..."

A ZAPOROZHIAN KOZAKby Elias Repin

The Ukrainian National Associationhas mora young (as well as old)Ukrainian - Americans within Haranks than any other organization

Sign op with them!

in prayer or saying Mass, the thought constantly obtruded itself upon his consciousness: thatUkraine is sure to perish under the leadershipof such an enemy of the Ukrainians and sycophant, of the Poles as this new Hetman. Inevery sermon he warned his nock: "Take careor else you will again suffer beneath the Polishyoke." '

Soon afterward Shraam's successor to thecommand of the Pavoloka district died. TheKozaks gathered together in Council to electhis successor, when suddenly there appearedamong them Shraam. dressed in his priestly garments. He stepped to the center of the counciland said:'*My children, an evil hour is advancing uponu s ; perhaps once more God will cross us with

fire and sword. You are in great need of sucha colonel as will know where is the wolf andwhere is the fox. I have served ray Christianpeople under Khmelnitsky, and I am ready toserve you my children if you so will."When the Council heard these words a greatshout of happiness went up. Quickly they covered Shraam with their hats and banners, putinto his hands the insignias of his office, firedoff their cannon as a salute to him, and thus the

reverend-father Shraam once more became acolonel.The news of this election was very startling

to Tetera. Shraam to him was like salt in biseye, but what was he to do ? Such was the cus-- torn then that the power of the Council was far

greater than the Hetman's command, and soTetera had to send Shraam a colonel's commission. Both exchanged gifts, as was the custom then too, but both lost no time in plottingagainst the other.

A long time did Shraam spend thinking ofhow he could manage to set Ukraine upon theright road again, until finally he reached adecision. Immediately he let it be known thathe was ill, and giving his pirnach (colonel'ssceptre) to Lieutenant-Colonel Hulak he leftPavoloka with his son Petro for some distanthomestead on the Dnieper, ostensibly to recuperate there. Exactly where he went 4what he intended to do, we shall soon learn, j

(To be continued)


4/6

UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1942 N o . 31J *m The Story o/ Ukrainian(18) fr

.-&*.*

The Denat ional izat ion of UkrainianNobil i tyALTHOUGH for a t ime Ukra in ian" cul tura l l ife made co ns iderableadvances under the sponsorship ofthe more progress ive of Ukrainiannobil i ty and weal thy classes , yet

this sup por t did not very long. TheUkrainian ar is tocracy began to deser ttheir Ukrainian nat ional i ty in orderto obtain the pr ivi leges of high rankin Polish or Muscovian nobility. Eventhe famous Ostr ih l ine in t ime became denat ional ized.At this moment , when the futurelooked indeed black for the fur therprogress of Ukrainian cul ture andl i terature, the middle classes , part icular ly those l iving in the ci t ies ,real izing the pl ight of their nat ionalcul tu re, began to organize themselve sinto organizat ions dedicated to cultural advance with the aid of the prev ious ly ment ioned B ro therhoods .Pe te r Mohela Founds His FamousSchool

' When in 1627 Pet er Mohela w asmade Abbot of the Pecherska Monas te ry, the cul tura l center of Ukraine moved eas tward to Kiev. PeterMohela founded in the Monas tery aCollegium on the type of wes ternEuropean schools , having eightclasses . In order to have able ins tructors for this Collegium he sentrbroad leading scholars f rom amonghis mo nks , pr incipal ly to Par is . Healso sent for leading scholars f romJLviw to come and teach at his school.I t s C harac te r i s t i cs

The school grew very rapidly, andin t ime became an academ y. In cont r ad i s t inc t ion to the B ro therhoodschool in Kiev, Mohela's school

s t r es s ed W es te rn European methodsI of teaching and subject matter taught .More emphas is was placed on teaching Lat in ^]and the Pol ish tonguetha n upon^ .Greek and Slavic. Thethen p r eva len t " rus ky" l i t e r a ry l anguage wa s also tau ght . But despi te this fact , that an emphas is was placedI upon teaching Lat in, the pr imary aimof the school was the t raining ofs tro ng defenders of Ukra inian r ightsand bel iefs . Mohela fur th er des iredtha t his school should producescholars who would r ival those ofPoland, which being closer to Weste rn Europe had g r ea te r oppor tun i t ies of progress ing alo ng cul tura llines. To that end he made his curr iculum as exact ing and inclus ive asthose of the Western Europeanschools .Achievement s

Most of Mohela 's aims wereachieved. His school produced man ygrea t men and scholars . The f irs trector of the Mohela Collegium wasIs iah Trosymovich Kozlovsky, whowas also the f irst U krainian Doctorof Theo logy. The fam e of the Coll eg ium , which became an academy in 1701, spread beyond the bo rdersI of Ukraine, into Muscovy, Wallachia(par t o f p r es en t -day R oumania) andSerb ia. F rom Serb ia many s tu den t scame to s tudy at the Mohela Collegium, while Ukra inian scholarswent to Serbia and there founded; man y schools . Mohela himself wrote1 many impor tan t works .

Main Feature of Middle Per iodBound closely with the nat ionalj reawakening of the Ukrainian peo-

I pie then was the i r l i t e r a tu r e . newly founded B rotherh ood s choo ls , s ca t t e r ed th rough out the

leng th and b read th o f Ukra in ianlands , with the aid of their pr int ingpres s es s p r ead knowledge and cu l tu r e .B ut the g r ea tes t s e rv ice tha t t hes e B rotherhoods per fo rmed was to keepthe people close to their Brotherhoodj bel iefs , and in this manner they pre-| served their Ukrainian nat ional ident i t y .The larges t output of the Ukrainian' and " W hi te R us " p r in t ing p r es s eswere books deal ing with rel igioussubjects , both old and newer t ranscr ipt ions of the works of the Churchfa ther s .The leading character is t ic of theI l i terary l i fe of the middle per iod of! Ukra in ian l i t e r a tu r e was the t r ans lat ion of rel igious works into a language close to the nat ional , everydaytongue of the people, or as the t ransl at or s c alle d it, th e " "( common) l anguage .

" Per s ony t s l f e Evangel ium"Of al l these t rans lated works the

one which deserves most favorablement ion i s " Per s ony t s k e Evangel ium , ", being a t rans lat ion f rom the Bulgarian by Michael Vas i levi tch. I t draw si t s name f rom the Per s ony t s ky Monas ter y. But because i t wa s notpr inted i t did not at t ract much att en t ion in l i t e r a tu r e .

Another impor tan t t r ans l a t ion wasthe "Bibl ia Ruska," which came out[ in Pragu e in 1517-1519 from unde r! the pen of Franz Skoryna. The auth o r had come in con tac t beyond the\ f ront iers of Ukrainian lands with the prevai l ing Reformis t tendencies andsome of them found their way into this Bible. H is work was based uponI Czech and Church-Slavonic Bibles .| I t s ou t s t an d ing cha rac te r i s t i c was i t smix tu re o f Ukra in ian and W hi te R uetongues .

St i l l another work of this type wasthe " Ins t ruc t ive Evangel ium, " whichcontained Evengel ium texts for eachSunday toge ther wi th s e rmons fo reach text . *F i r s t C hurch-S lavon ic Grammars

' As a l r eady ment ioned , the B ro ther hood schools placed their chief emphas is upon the teaching of theC hurch-S lavon ic l anguage . B ut i twas quickly real ized that i f this language was to be p roper ly under s toodand t augh t a Grammar and a Dict ionary had to be had . As a r es u l tof this need, one such Grammar didappear in 1591 . I t s au thor was at eacher o f the Lv iw B ro therhoodSchool , Arseny . He nam ed his Gram mar " Adelpho thes . "

Ars eny ' s Grammar was fo l lowedby ano ther , t ha t o f Lawren t i an Tus -tanovsky, in 1596. But the bes t ofthes e Grammars was the one whichdid not appear unt i l 1619. I ts authorwas Mele ty Smo t ry t s ky . For overtwo cen tu r i es th i s Grammar was us edas the l ead ing au thor i ty on theChurch-Slavonic language not onlyby Ukra in ians , bu t by Mus cov ians(Russ i ans ( and Serbian s as w el l .F i r s t Dic t ionary o f the C hurch-

S lavon ic LanguageBut so far no real dict ionary hadappeared , a l though the need fo r onewas very grea t . Back in 1596 as cho lar named Zuzany d id p r epare aSlovene dict ionary with explanat ionsand def ini t ions in the nat ional tongue,but i t was very shor t . This smalldict ionary, however , was used for amuch ful ler dict ionary prepared in1627 by a famous monk-phi losopherof the Pecher s ky Monas te ry , PamvaB erenda . He named h i s d i c t ionary"The Lexicon of Slav-Rue Language,wi th exp lana t ions . " Here aga in theC hurch-S lavon ic words had the i r

mean ing exp la ined in the common,I everyday^ langu age of the people.(To be con t inued)

T H E A R M Y C A L L S T O Y O U T H(To be concluded) (2 )

FRANKO-A MANY-SIDED LITERARYGENIUS C o rp s of E n g i ne e r s b u il ds a ndf ights. The Enginee rs do the jobsth at mak e i t poss ible for oth ertroo ps to- opera te. Li teral ly, theypave the way fo r the Army. Theybuild roads and br idges , lay minefields, and ere ct fortifications. Theyar e ha rd fighters as well as specialis ts ; able marksmen as well as ablebu i lder s .

The combat engineers are of ten incontact with the enemy far ahead ofthe main forces , for par t of their jobis to reduce the enemy's for t i f icat ionsand to des troy roads and br idges inh i s p a t h .The Engineer s employ many typesof special is ts . Draf tsm en, surveyo rs ,car tographer s , mechan ics , ca rpen ter s ,meta lworker s , cons t ruc t ion men , d r iv

e r s , boatmen , and communica t ionsme n ar e a few of them. A youn gma n who is s t rong , aler t , read y tolearn and full of fight can readilyfind a place for himself in the Corpsof Engineer s .The C oas t Ar t i l l e ry C orps guardsour shores . With f ixed and mobileguns , i t p ro tec t s the Uni t ed S ta t esand i ts possess ions and s tat ions f rominvas ion by sea or air . Giant f ixedgu ns that hu r l powerful project i lesthir ty miles and more, swif t ly moving rai lway guns , night lancings earch l igh t s , i n t r i ca t e , accura tef inders , bark ing ant i -ai rcra f t guns ,are al l operated by men of the Coas tAr t i l l e ry C orps .The Army Mine Planter Service isalso par t of the Coas t Art i l lery Corpsand s o ld ie r " s a i lo r s " opera te theboa t s which mine the water - approaches to harbor and defens e in s t a l l a t i o n s .Coas t Art i l lery Corps men serveth roughout the wor ld p ro tes t ing the

th roughou t the world p ro tec t ing thepossess ions of the United States ands tal lat ions of the Army, f rom at tackby air or sea.The Signal Corps is a branch whichincludes highly t rained commun icat ions exper ts who are f ighters , too.Men of the Signal Corps are at tachedto al l branches of the Service, andserve everywhere. I t is their task tohandle the huge job of maintenanceof communicat ions between headquar ters , bases of supply, and t roopsin the field. They do it well.Signalmen learn how to cons tructtelephone l ines in and out of bat t le,to operate telephone sys tems of theirown making, to take and send radiomes s ages , t o r epa i r and main ta inradio sys tems, to s ignal with f lagsand bl inkers , and to t rain and usecarr ier pigeons . I t is the Signal Corps ,

t o o , which ta kes the A rmy 's off icialpictures . Signal Corps men take s t i l land moving pictures in the field, inact ion, under f i re, and on maneuvers .They make the t raining f i lms whichare used to ins truct other t roops incombat tact ics , and their pictures ofactual w arfar e form a par t of theArmy's his tor ical and technical records .

To secure men to do these many impor tant jobs , Signal Corps sends i tssoldiers to school . They learn radioand telephone cons truct ion, maintenance and operat io n. T hey are ins tructed in the use of s t i l l and mot ion p ic tu r e cameras and they l earn ,t o o , how to f ight the enemy.- The Field Art i l lery is apt to go rol l ing on t r uck and t r ac to r whee l s r a therthan the wagon wheels of old, for theField Art i l lery has been modernizedto the l as t minu te .

his bes t poems. He did splendidwork as one of * the edi tors of th e" Ukra ins ky L i t e r a tu rn o - NaukovyVis tny k." His cr i t ical essays on l i t e r a ry s ub jec t s a r e exemplary . Hi s

TVAN Franko was an en t i r e ly dif-ferent kind of a l i terary genius tha nTaras Shevchenko . The l a t t e r was as upreme type o f a s pon taneous poe tat the height of his inspirat ion andprofound emotions . W ithout inspira-1 t rans lat io ns are a di l igent work oft ion Shevchenko wrote and acted jus t a prom inent poet and scholar . As aas a modera te ly t a l en ted m an . Hi s j ourna l i s t he was s ought by manylet ters and diary are qui te intere s t ing, ! pape rs , both Ukra inian and Pol ish,in fact , very intere s t ing as docu me nts ' As a scholar h e was aske d to sup plyof wh at a man of genius did and ar t icle s on Ukra inian subjects for th ethou ght . B ut even a second ary dra- wel l-known m amm oth Russ ian En -matis t could have wri t ten Shevchen- cyclopedia publ ished by Brockhaus .ko-s only play - "Na zar Stodo lya." j F r a n k o . s m e w a sThe same could be said abo ut Shev- - chenko as an ar t is t . And a s to Shev- p r o f o u n d a n d a c u t e - X t w a s Pheno-chenk o's s tor ies , they a re of very I m e n a l - Even as a s tuden t F ranko a l -l i t t le l i t e r a ry va lue , i ndeed . B u t ; m o s t n *ver us ed any no te -books todoes the fact tha t Shevchenko wro te ; d o w n w f aat was said by hishis s tor ies qu i te indif ferent ly bel i t t le teac hers and professors . I t was theShevchenko in any way ? N o t b y a n y < s a m e af t e rwards . He cou ld r emem-I means . They jus t point out to the b e r a lmos t every th ing tha t he everfact th at a genius wri tes or composes I r e a < i - H e c o u l d e v en quote some of

- . . * . _ 4 - V k A f t f . * . . . . * - Aas a genius only when he is inspired;otherwise he may wri te or composequite indifferent ly. Such was Shevchenko. *| On the other hand, al thou gh Ivan; Franko was g r ea t , he d id no t conform to the typ e of Shevc henko 'sl i terary genius . For unl ike Shevchenk o , in whom two forces acted whenhe wrote, inspirat ion and intui t ion,Franko wrote his poems, s tor ies andp lays more th rough the s hee t f o r ceof deep and cont inual thinklr ig, re asoning, and perspirat ion.

F ranko was a d i l igen t s tuden t , a' p ro found and pene t r a t ing th inker ,land a ha rd l i terary worke r . He could,do almo st every .kind of l i tera ry!workpoet ry , s hor t s to r i es , nove l s ,

the s t r ik ing pas s ages f rom anc ien tchronicles or diar ies .W hen Franko ' s hands were paralyzed af te r 1907, Ukra inian unive rs i tys tudents used to come to his homeof t-tbeir own free will to act a s hissecretar ies . I t was very interes t ingto them to s ee F ranko walk ing backand for th, back and for th, los t indeep medit ion, or with his thoughtsconce ntrated on some ancien t l i terary gem gleaned f rom som e age-yellowed manuscr ipts , and almost cont inual ly dictate his thoughts in verseform. T hat was the way tha t ma nyof the poems and epigrams of his" Miy Lnnarahd " were compos ed . ~ ^

. In . s hor t , F r anko was a ver s a t i l eI t f e r a ry gen ius and a d i l igen t 'worker .l and t r ans l a t ions . ^ l i s , - noye l rr ' ' Pe r e -ikhres n i S tezhky" (C ros s ed Pa ths ,Crossro ads) is almo st on the par w ith

dramas , l i terary cr i t icisms*_e4j |oj ia4e, pHed his pen cont inual ly for overfo r ty year s . H O N O R E E W A C r tWinnipeg, Can.


5/6

N o . 31 UK RAI NI AN WE E K L Y, S AT URDAY, AUG US T S ; 1942

PAINTERS OF UKRAINE a rt o f p a in ti ng w a s i n U k ra in e ,; . R ep in , w ho m B e n o is c a ll sX as elsewhere, at first a handmaid the " biggest artist of t he 'eighties,* '*

Mindful of this, the War Department has recently established a service j CORPORAL JOHN W. CITIZEN, JB.,whereby members of our armed j A . P. . 777 ,

V MAIL" FOR SOLDIERS. Army's N ew Postal Service Saves Space and Time

t . " i 1 , 1

AS popular with soldiery as pay -for ordinary mail, six cents for aircall, is another bugle summons to | mail service. There is a red-border t o relion. Ukrainian iconography had I the leader and bulwark of Russianwhich Service men respond with jubi- panel space in which the writer prints a profound influence on the Russian j realism, was of Ukrainian origin,lant alacrity. This is mail call, always I the name and addressee of the a d - a r t as Alexander Benois in his work j Long before he professed his Ukrain-welcome by soldiers, and doubly so'dres ses but here the sold ierss serial, "The R ussian School of Painting" ! ian symp athies (at the resurrectionwhen sounded during these times at n u m b e r e d organization should not (Hew York, 1916, Knopf) testifies.,! of the Ukrainian national state) h ean overseas base. [be showp;*merely his name and Army The tendencies of the two did not;sh owed them in his art by the con-Post Office number, thus agree and the Russians started a trasts which he painted between Uk-campaign against what they called I raine and Russia. Ukraine, in hisGerman influences. ' paintings, is all beauty, joy, happi-forces at overseas s tat ions receive l e t - ! c / O P o e s t e r N e w Y o r k N T h e *t department of secular | ness, a grand and even recklessters from "the home folks" with dis-1 ' Postmaster , ew , m. . p a i n t i n g w a s n a t u r a l l y portraiture, |strugg le against powerful enem ies:patch undreamed of in the days of ! The writer then fills in a lined space a nd the histo ry of this branch in | Russia is wallowing m ugliness andthe first A. E. F. The medium is in the upper left-hand corner with Russia starts w ith three U krainian j cruelty.known as "V Mail," and it is avail- his nam e and return address, drop names. Losenko, 1737-1773, a Uk-j After him Ukraine inspired suchable to every man, woman and child the V Mail letter in the nearest mail rainian. by his portraits "must re- j first-rate artis ts as Rufim Sudk ovsky ,in the United Sta tes who has a loved box, and the Army Postal Service does tain a place of honor in the history j o n e o f t h e ^^ p a inters of sea-scapeone overseas. Moreover, it is also ;the rest. of Russian painting," writes Be no is, | in R u s s i a , w h 0 caught the changingavailable to men now overseas or des- In order to undestand what th is in- He then adds: "Russia may take pride j m o o d s of his native Black Sea; Gay,tined to sail so the expendiency of Ivolves, let us follow Mr. John W. Citi- in Levitsky and Borovikovsky," again j w h o though of French origin, claimedthis service works both wa ys, going zen's V Mail letter through from this two Ukrainians, who depicted "with IUkraine as his native land; V rubel,and coming. time on. perfectly convincing vividness, th e i o n e 0 f t n e leading artists of modemLet us assume th at John W. Citi- In due time it arrives at the V Mail' courtiers of Tsarina Catherine . R U 8 S i a . The Ukrainian sky inspiredzen living in a small town in New Section of the Army Postal Service Levitsky succeeded like no one el se ' s u c h artists as Levitan and Kuin-Jers ey has ^a son servin g w&th an of a large post office building in mid- in Russia , in exp ressin g the character- j d z h i . i n g e n r e p a i n ting the best work

Arm y unit outside the co ntinental! town New York. The personnel of istic glow and tone, the whole o u t- ! h a s been done by Pimonenko andUnited Sta tes. He has received a let- this V Mail Section at this time con- ward manner of living of the Beau- j V asylkivsky. In Western Ukraine,ter from his soldier son advising him |sis ts of commissioned officerFirst Monde of his times, and at the sa m e| I v a n Trush, a splendid lanscapethat mail should be addressed to him \ Lieutenant L yle A. Brookover, Adjut- time created a series of superb speci- j p a m ter , and such men as Kholodnyat a specifically numbered A. P. O. ant General's Department, a former mens of painting, hardly inferior i n | a n d o lek sa N o v a k i v s k y led a(Army Post Office). newspaperman, recently on the Wash- their technical perfection to the b es t- s c n o o i Qf impressionism, which gaveMr Joh nW Citizen naturally wan ts ington staff of the United Pressand works of westera schools." Burachok, V asylkivsky, Izhakevych,to write to his soldier son "early and six enlisted men~,headed by Sergeant "Borovikovsky, 1757-1826, alwa ys; Dyachenko, Krasytsky, V. Krychev-often and to make sure his boy gets Charles W. Fuqua, Jr., all of whom quoted together w ith L evitsky, r eal -| a i cy ( F . Krychevsky, Levchenko, Kui-those' morale-building letters from 1 are Signal Corps soldiers trained in belongs to another period of paint-. chytska, Murashko, Pimonenko, So-home as quickly and safely as pos- photograph y and graduates of spe- ting, and is representative of the senko, Samokysha , Shulha, Yaremychsible So he goes to the nearest post cial course at the Eastma n Kodak 'new taste,' (Borov ikovsky, too, w a s j a n d m a n y others. The group of neo-office and asks for V Mail forms. Company's plant at Rochester, New a native of Ukr ai ne ). . . he formed j Byzantinist comprised such mastersEv ery U S post office now carries a York. ' |fo r himself and preserved that rich | M : Boychuk, Sedlar, Padalka, Na-plentiful supply of these forms inj These men in New York do the manner of painting and that pic- lipynska-Boychuk, Azovsky, Sakh-stock althoug h for the time being ifcandling, sorting, sealing, registering turesque design that redeems in his novska, Mizyn, Hvozdyk, Byzukiv,it is requested that no more than ("Loging") of outgoing V Mail let- pictures the defects of his time; a | a n d others. Other West-Europeanthree of these be asked for by any Iters and perform similar service for certain coldness and stiffness, and schools ranging from expressionismindividual at one time. k 1 1 incoming V Mail letters from over- monotony. Sometimes, however, this j t o neo-classicism have their repre-The V Mail form is combination seas station s to addresses in the stiffness disappeared completely, and; se ntatives in Taran, Palmiv, Tkachen-letter-and-envelope sheet approxim- United States. An exceptionally well then Borovikovsky showed all his; KO , Sadylenko, Kramarenko. Zhdanko,trained, efficient crew, these soldiers southern good-nature, coupled with-a'amd others, in Eastern Ukraine; andenjoy their detail and assignm ent; all delicate understanding of life and j Andrienko, Butovych, Hrushchenko,are on a commutation of rations and . beauty that these, u nfortunately few j Hlushchenko, Hordynsky, Dolnytswa,quarters stat us and have rooms in examp les o f his work, are on the j y e mets, Kovzhun, Osinchuk, Latu-a midtown hotel near their busy ! same level with the best of Levitsky." jrynska, Muzyka, Selsky, and others,office. j Levitsky and Borovikovsky taught ! m Western Ukraine. "Mr. John W. Citizen's V . Mall mis- a whole group of pupils, some ofsive is, with^the m any hundreds of whom were Ukrainians, whose names! U P t o t h e P r e s e n t war, several or-other such received twice daily, put appeared in histories as Russians, ganizations of these artists strove atthrough an opening machine which a monument to the suffocating atmo- the discovery of the best plastic ex-snip s the sealed flap open. It is then I sphere of social and national op -pr essi on of the Ukrainfan arts andscanned quickly, not for censorship I pression under the colonial policy in- acqua inting the world with them ,that comes later, at a G overnment! stigated in Ukraine by the tsarsan S ome of th ese organ izations workedrnicn are ^"J^jcengorahip o f f i c e nearbybut for atmosphere which drove many of the, on the Ukrainian territory, such a s:down and sealed, is a box-enclosed j r _.__,_._ ^ : ,,._ iTrw ai;a o^fjo+o jfrt t u ^ ^ " A :-*: c A-*.< m ;_:__

ately eight by eleven inches, to befolded and sealed so that it reducesto approxim ately 4Va by,5V> incheswhen mailed. fThe letter side of the form containsa space of about seven inches, largeenough for a long typewritten letterand, it should be noted in passing,typed letters are better for the microfilming proces which will be explainedlater in this article.At the head of the letter side andon one of the flaps, which are foldeddown and sealed, is a box-enclosedspace in which the writer of the let-ber, organizationber of the addressee, thus:

purpose o f placing it in its pro per! Ukrainian artis ts into the service of "The Associa tion of Active Ukr ainian A. P. O. pile and to insure that it the tsar. Thus it happens that even Artists" in Kiev, Kharkiv and Lviw;ter prints the rank, name, serial num-, ^ microfilmed. Any one of the!L evitsky and Borovikovsky are called "The Association of Revolutionary'- following reason s m ay defeat this !Ru ssia ns as their paintings hang in Artists of Ukraine," "The United Ccm-microfilming purpose: the salons and galleries of the Rus- temporary Masters of Ukraine," andWriting too faint. s i a n a ri8toc racy , while the Ukraine, "The Association of Independent Uk-w . . .. < in who se soil is rooted their strivin g rainian Masters" in Soviet Ukrain e.Writing too small. f o r K n o w i e d g e and the ability to ex-1 There existed also active organiza-Message not kept within specified p r e s s themselves, is denied the right I tions of Ukrainian artists in Prague,limits on sheet. 'to claim them as her own. Czechoslovakia, and Paris, France.Address or return address on mes-1side

CORPORAL JOHN W. CITIZEN, JR.,ASN. 00000000,Head quarters Co., 999th Tank Battalion, A. P. O. 777777,C/O Postmaster , New York, N. Y.To the right of this panel containing the addressee's address as shownabove are lines for the sender's nameand address and the date upon whichthe letter was written. That is allthe sender has to write in the upperflap.In writing the letter itself, careshould be used to keep within the indicated red-border lines at the sides

of the sheet and especially to writenothing below the large red boxed"V . . . Mail" imprint at t he bottomof the letter sheet, for this red blockis the "chopper" cut-off for the subsequently microfilmed reproductionwhich is sent overseas or to its destination elsewhere.Enclosures should not be sent witha V Mail letter, and this Army PostalService admonition applies to photographs, no matter how small theprints may be. Such photograph s,newspaper clippings, and other enclosure should be sent in letters dispatched by ordinary mail.The le tter written, i ts writer foldsand seals is as per plain directions

printed on each V" Mail- forms, an dth en addresses the size-reduced enve? by making; a script too faint fo r effi-.anieee a stampthree C2nts

sage omitted or incomplete, ; closed a small photograph of Mother; Corporal Citizen writes his messageor that his soldier son is station ed a t, on a V M ail form, it clears .throughhis organization's censoring officer,Message sheet defaced or mutilated.An enclosure, including a photo-1 an . P. O. base not yet set up. Ingraph , that -event the V Mail letter clears and it is dispatched on the first out-Should the mythical Mr. J. W. Citi- j through the censors and goes, with bound plane or steamer. On its ar-zen's V Mail letter contain any one j oth er nonm icrofilmed letters, to its rival at New York and receipt by Vof. thes e fa ults , it is forward ed to its addressee ov ersea s in its original form Mail Section it is "blown-up," if mi-addressee, anyhow, but not by the j Even this way , there is a considerable crofilmed, to normal V Mail size,microfilmed process. j saving of cargo space, for 150,000 of placed in a similar window slitted en-Mr. Citizen's lette r is correctly writ-1 these miniatu re-size letter s can be velope, and sent off posth aste to it splaced in twenty-tw o mail sacks addressee to home.where 150,000 ordinary sized letters! A - . r . . ,,. ,, ., , . . . . . , , A foolproof registry, or log, iswould require thirty-seven mail sacks. ^ * " brUpon its arr ival at i ts overseas . ke P fc o f a1 1 outgoing V Mail by Lieu-P. O. destination, the microfilmed reel I tenan t Brook over's staff in New York,of V Mail letters is reprocessed, each \ Just as such registry is made of U.wh ere the nub of this efficient V Mail j letter being en larged to its original S. bound V Mail at oversea s A. P. O.service enters. N o fewer than 1,500; size, printed, and placed in a small, stations. Besides serving as a sta-

t e n , however, so it is speeded, withothers for that particular Army postoffice overseas, to the Governmentcensorship office from which, after aquick reading, it is dispatched to themicrofilming center. And here is

V Mail letters may be reproducedon one reel of 16-mm. film and placedin a small, compact container, with aresultant savings in cargo spaceaboard* ship or plan e, on e m ail sackdoing the work of thirty-six sacks.So does Mr. Citizen's microfilmed VMail le tter go winging its way to i tssoldier addressee overseas.But let us suppose that Mr. Citizenhas written with a light pencil, there-

window slitted envelope, so that the j tistical check on the number of suchname and organization of the ad- letters dispatched, it has the incal-dressee, as printed by the original j culable virtue of insuring that thewriter in that box-enclosed panel on j soldier gets his letter. For, if ac-the inner flap, comes flush with the j knowledgment of receipt of any "log-windo w-slit. Thu s'Corp oral John W. jged" microfilmed reel of letters is notCitizen, Jr., Army Serial No. 0000000,of Headquarters Company, 999thTank Battalion, A; P. O. 7777777, final ly receives his father's V . Mailletter.The homeward bound flow of V

received after a stated length of time,and official sources later disclose thatthe plane or ship on which such VMail was being transported had notdelivered its cargo* duplication of thelost reel is immediately made and thetifcril microfilming ; or -tha t he has en- M ail wor ks the sam e, only in reverse, 'duplicate reel or reels forwarded .

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UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1942_' " 2^ -Y O U T H . A n d T h e U N A W i n s B o s t o n U- H a i l T e Become "Distributiveof fa me Nomination Education" Teach er

M A K E I S K O F S P A R E T I M K

Newark Drive for A r m yfmergency Relief

The Ame r ican-Ukra in ian Voter sAssociat ion, an organizat ion, com-At the presen t t ime the Ukrainian Joseph J . Parnick y, son of Mr. an d' Miss Stepha nie Sorokoli t , da ug hte rNationa l Associat ion has 30,000'adul t Mrs . Pe ter Parnic ky of New York of Mr. and Mrs . Pe ter Sorokoli t of _mem bers and 10.000 juveni le mem- City, aUmember of U.N.A. Branch 69. 657 South 19th Stree t . New ark, N. J . posed of delegate s of var iou s Am eri-bers . a total of 40,000. Back in 1933 and a ' gra dua te in 1940 of Brown received her Ma ster of Science degree ca n-Uk rainian organ izat ion s in thethe U.N.A. had a total of only 30.000 < Univers i ty, recent ly won the Hall of! at New York U nivers i ty la s t Ju ne. City of New ark, N ew Je rsey , andmem bers . In less than ten years the Fam e Nom inat ion at Bos ton Univer- In June 1941 she gra dua ted with sponsor of the United States Savingsfratern al order has increased i ts s i ty for the leading scholas t ic record . . degree f rom the Univers i ty of (Defense Bond Drive held this yeasr,member s h ip by 1.0.000. which is at in the School of Social Work, where Kentuckythe rate of more than 1.000 members he majored in psychiatry and wherea vear . Such p rogress speaks for i t- he received his M.A. degree las t Ju ne.Be j f At presen t he is in the Arm y SignalThe most encouraging par t of this Corps , enl is ted reserve, and is takinggrowth , however , is the fact that special courses in radio work at Holys ince 1933 a great num ber of Am tr i- ICross and Worc es ter Polytec h.can-born vouth have become mem- jbers of the U.N.A. This interes t onthe par t of the youth was so s t rongtha t you th b r anches s p rang in toexis tence in many par ts of the country . All kinds of affairs were held, jf rom small socials and dances to nat ional ral l ies ' and convent ions . TheUkrainian Weekly received so manyrepo r ts and ar t ic les on the se act ivi- jties that it became difficult to publishthem promptly: this resul ted in a50 % enlarg em ent of the paper . Interes t spread f rom social act ivi ty toathlet ics and, when the U.N.A. announced i ts ambit ious spor ts programsome years back, i t met r4th suchenthus iasm that dozens of basebal l ,Sof tbal l , basketbal l , and other teams,al l cons is t ing of U.N.A. members ,were fo rmed a lmos t overn igh t . Tha twa sn' t al l . In May of las t y earabou t 75 Amer ican-born you th a t tended the U.N.A. convent ion in Har-r isburg, Pa. , as branch delegates ,which was the l a rges t you th r epre-

J O S E P H J . P A R N I C K Y" B os ton Univer s i ty News , " an

resulting in the collection of $93,000of War Bonds , decided at a recentmeet ing to sponsor a dr ive for thecol lection of funds for the A rm yE m e r g e n c y Relief.This dr ive is to commence on Monday, August 24th, 1942 and wil l cont inue unt i l October 12th, 1942. Sol icitat ions wil l be made by al l the member o rgan iza t ions th rough du ly appo in ted r epres en tees a t a f f a i r s o fevery ' sor t , such as picnics , anniversar ies , par t ies , dances , etc. The moneywhich shal l be col lected wil l be presented to a high ranking official oft h e A r m y - a t a b a n q u e t ' a n d d a n c e t obe held at the Ukrainian- Ce nte r ofNewark , New J er s ey , on Sa tu rdayevenm'g, October 24th, 1942. The banquet will be held in honor of all themo ther s wh o have s ons in the a rme dforces of the United S tate s . AU suchm o t h e r s . a r e r e q u e s t e d t o c o m m u n i -cat with John Romanit ion, 800 BroadS t r ee t , Newark , New J er s ey , s o tha tBeginn ing ear ly next mo nth Migs ja t ts t**>f them m ay be compiled andSorokoli t wil l go to Fairm ouh t , We st [ -presented to the New ark publ ic, a ndVirginia, where she wil l tea ch and | a l s o tha t i nv i t a t ions may be s en t tosupervise the so-cal led Dis tr ibu t ive [each of them .Educat ion provided for by the George I ^ ^ ^ o f the commi t t ee I . wi s hDean Act . I t involves teac hing senior . , . .h igh schoo l s tuden t s and coo r lma t ing I t o M | ~ I t o t h e A me n c a n - thei r work act ivi ty with thei r subject '}Pnbhc of th e City of Newark,x andmat t e r in s choo l . | vic in ity , t o coopera te in every wayposs ible with this dr ive and contr i -

M I SS S T E P H A N I E S O R O K O U T

=

J O H N 1 * O M # N m O NMO

- F O R V I C T O R * : U Y S O fc EB S-^

eentat ion in U.N.A. convent ion his - nouncing th e nomina t ion wro te:tory . "Bri l l iant f ield work in his ma jorNeed less to say, this youth act i vi ty . . a n d t h e t e a d m g s c h o i a s t i c r e -del ighted the older generat ion mem- c o r / i n ^ S c h f > o l o f Bodm W o r k h e CTptured nig* hon ors in th e I feld b u t ** m U C h ** t h e y po8aMy : % 0 aided he f ramed th e s tud ent cons t i -be t t e r s por t s p rogram, b ig na t iona l a c c e m >d l as t veerU.N.A. ral l ies , large-scale member- t u t l o n < accepted , a 8 t **-ship dr ives , more youth branc hes , and- " In Brow n l ie devoted m ore t imema ny affa irs , al l accompan ied by to extra -cur r icul ar af fairs. P arnick yextens ive publ ici ty in the American was associate edi tor of the Brownand Ukrain ian press . Unive rs i ty Daily He rald, a mem ber of

Th at was before Decemb er 7th. the orch es tra and aff il iated with nu-2942 mer ous orga nisat io ns . Scholas t ical lyToday the youth s i tuat ion pres ents

IT ~ M a r u s i a S a y s :

a ser ious problem. Some youthbran ches have disbanded because es- rainian N ational Associat ion. They |sen tial officers hav e ent ere d th e U. S. could learn t he dutie s of bra nc h of- Armed Forces . O ther you th b r anches ficers s that those who join thehave become total ly inact ive, and s t i l l 'Arm ed Force s could be replaced with - / Iothe rs are los ing the ir membe rs due, out jeopa rdizing the cont inued exis t- j ffto suspens ion s and ca sh surre nde rs , ence of the branc h. They could or- jOnly a skeleton remains of the U.N.A. ganize members and earn money withs po r t s p rogram. Mos t p l ans fo r b ig which to p urchas e W a r B onds and ral l ies an d the l ike have been can- Wa r Stam ps , which would help bothcel led. Wh ere new membe rs are con- the U. S. A. and the U. N. A. Th ey,rern ed. suffice it to say th at the y are could* stir up a ctiv ity in th eir local-not being adm it ted in large numb ers i t ies and thu s retain th e inter es t ofthes e day s , and th ose who do join membe rs and notf -members in the U. ,are most ly older folk, or chi ldren. The N. A. They could subm it repo r ts of I Uk rainian Weekly receives only a U. N - A - act ivi ty to the Ukrainiani r ac t ion o f the U. N. A. news i t ems W eekly s o tha t mem ber s and r eade r ssent to i t before Pear l Harb or . would know that the youth is s t i ll^ . . . _ - - e * ., + . Sworking for the progress of the br-Of course i t is unde rs tood tha t the , . __ ^ . , ... m . . ^ *.uA gamzat ion . They cou ld do ma ny;vouth are now engage d m winning the . _ J .., ^ f A~f~na~ l n l c t h ings in the i r s pare t rme tha t wouldwar . They work m defense plants . ^ , ,j . , CJ , * fW , ^benefi t al l pa r t ie s concerned.ar id on farms; many of the fel lows *^and some gir ls too are in uniform ; We are not askin g for big thingssome work and at tend school at the > j r a c h as r a l l i es and s t a t e -wide mem-- s ame t ime; a cons iderab le num ber a r e 'be r s h i p d r ives . They wi ll come na-doing civi lian War work in far -awa y i tnral ly enoug h s f te r we ha ve w onU. S. bas es . Hard ly anyone h as the *be war . W h et we do wan t a r e thet ime to devote to forme r intere s ts , a Htt le thi ng s tha t are essent ial to con-f ac t t h a t i s under s tood and appre- tmued p rog res s . K every per s on wi th ciated since o ur first a im is to win t n e ^ne 0 s p a r e M btin in anthe war . occas iona l new mem ber , o r s end in an Some of the you th , however , have occas ionei new s i t em, o r s t i r n p s on ies pare t ime . Some to not go to school [act ivi ty in i r is bran ch w local i ty o c-r al i< rw oA every day. Some wonk in -ess ional ly, or " toteiiBs t want m e m b e r

Alright, so yon don^jLbel ieve in sales . Yoe^y^jus t k now yon con a bway s gt good valued :'a t Michae l Tnrans ky^ ; ' 7sale or no sale. :Skifl

* '. a n d o t h e r p la c e s n ot c o n ne c te d^ wl th the war e f for t . W e unge

the ukrainian weekly 1942-31

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