The UNDAF: Linking Analysis with Results

Session 6

Session objectives

• To introduce the concepts of RBM and to show how HRBA brings depth and legitimacy to our practice of RBM

• To formulate results and indicators that responds to the analysis we conducted in session 5

What is a Result ?

A describable or measurable change resulting from a cause and

effect relationship

- UNDG agreed RBM terminology

Performance monitoring is a critical element• How well are results being achieved

• What measures are needed to improve the process

In plain language…

RBM helps us to connect what we do to what we want to achieve

RBM also tells us how we’ll know if we’ve achieved it

What is results based management?

A management strategy aimed at ensuringthat activities achieve desired results

Elements of RBM (1)

• Problem analysis to understand causes

LinkageRBM does not tell us the right questions to ask

A HRBA does…

HRBA and Problem Assessment & Analysis

A HRBA helps the UN and partners to answer 4 critical questions:

Who has been left behindWhy? Which rights are at stake?

Who has to do something about it?

What do they need, to take action?

Process and outcome are equally important

Elements of RBM (2)• Structuring of programmes around a chain of

SMART results – responding to analysis• Causality in the chain of results (if… then logic)• Use of ‘change language’ (future conditional)

LinkageRBM does not tell us what kinds of changes we should

be aiming for

A HRBA does…

RBMImpact: change in…

Outcome: change in…

Output: change in …

HRBA…quality of life (the realization of

human rights)

… performance (behaviours of duty bearers and/or right holders and their institutions)

…the capacity of duty bearers and right holders

Conclusions and recommendations from UPR, Treaty Bodies, and Special Procedures help to identify specific behaviours and capacities

Process is guided by human rights principles

Cau

sal A

nalysis

Ro

le A

nalysis

Cap

acity Gap

A

nalysis

HRBA and Change

Elements of RBM (3)• Indicators to measure performance• Costing of results (RBB) rather than isolated activity

budgeting• Monitoring and reporting on progress against planned

results

LinkageRBM does not tell us how to monitor and report on

change

A HRBA does…

HRBA and performance monitoring & measurement

Human rights principles and standards guide…•Selection of indicators •Mechanisms for monitoring and reporting on development processes with stakeholders

Advantages• Improved focus on results instead of activities

• Improved transparency

• Improved accountability

• Improved measurement of programme achievements (performance rather than utilization)

• Enhanced strategic focus

• No choice, it is an industry standard

• To get more funds!!

Challenges• Difficult to apply causal logic

• Difficult to learn

• Difficult to integrate

• Difficult to revise (... or reluctance to revise? )

• Difficult to measure

• Difficult to ‘attribute’ (at outcome level, the UN is accountable but not wholly responsible)

Go to typology

In sum…

A HRBA brings depth and credibility to our practice of RBM by telling us…•the right questions to ask•the kinds of changes we should be aiming for•how to measure, monitor, and report on change with stakeholders.

Results Matrix

Results Framework Template

Outcome

Outcome

Output

Output

Output

Output

Output

National priority/ goal

Group ActivityUsing the set of cards provided, develop

a results framework…

Reduce the level of poverty and income inequality

New businesses and jobs are created in targeted, poor rural and urban areas

Local business development funds piloted in selected areas

Disadvantaged groups including youth and PLWHA have access to improved

employment services and preferential credits for business development.

Market-based vocational training programmes are developed

Private public partnerships (PPP)s are created in poor rural and urban areas for infrastructure development and service

provision

Local public administrations operate in a more effective and

transparent manner

Decentralization framework is strengthened, emphasising (1)

delegation of authority, (2) decentralization of services, (3) costing of local services and budget needs of

LPAs

Administrative procedures and systems are simplified and

streamlined to provide better services.

Targeted departments of LPAs plan, implement, and monitor in a

participatory manner

Typical pitfalls

• Wordy (..and no change language)To promote equitable economic development and democratic governance in accordance with international norms by strengthening national capacities at all levels and empowering citizens and increasing their participation in decision-making processes

• Too ambitiousStrengthened rule of law, equal access to justice and the promotion of rights

• Containing multiple resultsThe state improves its delivery of services and its protection of rights—with the involvement of civil society and in compliance with its international commitments

Typical pitfalls• Wishy-washy (ie. Support provided to improve..)

Support to institutional capacity building for improved governance

• So general, it could mean anythingTo promote sustainable development and increase capacity at municipal level

• Overlapping with National goals/ MDGs (impacts) Substantially reduce the level of poverty and income inequality in accordance with the MDGs and PRSP

• Confusing means and endsStrengthen the protection of natural resources through the creation of an enabling environment that promotes sound resources management

Country Examples

Note to facilitation team:•Insert 1-3 slides with results chains from current UNDAF•With their new knowledge, ask participants to reflect on the ‘SMART’ness of their results•Examples from Lao PDR follow…

Good exampleBy 2013, women of reproductive age in Benguela province enjoy high quality maternal health care

- % pregnant women completing 4 ANC visits- % births supervised by trained attendant- No. District Health Centres staffed and equipped to provide EMOC services - % women/ families reporting they are satisfied with obstetric care services (in-service

survey completed in all health centres)

It meets a standard related to the right to health It reflects recommendations from CEDAW, CRC, and CESCR It embodies the principle of equality and non-discrimination It contains a subject and a clear description of change

(a “who” and a “what”) It is understandable by most readers It reflects a clear choice about policy or strategy It is specific, measurable, and time-bound

But…• Is it achievable?• Is it relevant to National development priorities?• Is it a good bet?

These are contextual factors

Group Work In groups…

• Reflect on the 3-step analysis• Develop…

– 1 outcome A change in the performance of the rights holder or duty bearer…What are

they doing differently?May involve legal, policy, and institutional reforms

Hint: Combine the RH or DB and the claim for a more ambitious outcomeCombine the DB and the obligation or RH and higher level capacity gaps

(behaviours) for a less ambitious outcome

– 2 contributing outputs New capacities that contribute to increased performance

Hint: Look to the key capacity gaps of the DBs and RHs – particularly those related to skills, abilities, products and services

Group Work (con’t)

Build a results framework on the wall…

Outcome

Output Output