The Unifications

of Italy and Germany

Unification of Italy

Italy before Unification

Maps

Why Did Italy Unite? Nationalism Revolutions of 1848:

Liberalism and Nationalism Split

Re-emergence of France’s power

Italy Becomes a Nation-State

Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)

Revolutionary democrat

Republican

Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882)

RepublicanRevolutionaryMilitary leader

guerilla fighter

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour (1810-1861)

nobleman conservative Prime minister of Sardinia-Piedmont

Right-hand man King Victor Emmanuel II (1849-1861)

Napoleon III, Emperor of France (1808-1873; r. 1848-1870)

Nephew of Napoleon Re-emerging French Empire

Made a deal with Cavour :

France promised Nice and Savoy (from Piedmont)

Sardinia promised Lombardy and Venetia (from Austria)

Before and After

Unification Of Italy Timeline1859 Austria goes to war against Sardinia-

Piedmont (and France) 1860 Napoleon bails, but Austria cedes

Lombardy 1860 Plebescites in Tuscany, Parma, and

Modena May 1860

Garibaldi and thousand Red Shirts go to Sicily

1861 Kingdom of Italy declared (King Victor Emmanuel)

Unification of Germany

Unification of Germany, 1864-1871

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)

Prussian diplomat

1862 became Minister-President

The German states in 1815

Unification of Germany (cont.)

William I, King of Prussia (r. 1861-1888)

Schleswig-Holstein (1864)

Austro-Prussian war of 1866◦The Seven Weeks’

War

Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71

Leopold von Hohenzollern

Paris Commune January 18,

1871: Second German Empire (Reich) declared in the Palace of Versailles, Hall of Mirrors

Unification of Germany