the united nations human rights system
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8/7/2019 THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM
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THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN
RIGHTS SYSTEMPresented by: Jennifer M. Cornejo
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The United Nations (UN) has created a global structure forprotecting human rights based largely on its Charter, non
binding declarations, legally binding treaties, and on
various activities aimed at advancing democracy and
human rights throughout the world
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UN·s system of HR protection
` It establishes international standards through its Charter,legally binding treaties, non-binding declarations,
agreements and documents.
` It has mandates, Special Rapporteurs and experts groups
to work in various manners for the promotion andprotection of human rights
` It offers technical assistance through the Voluntary Fund
for Advisory Services and Technical Assistance in the field
of Human Rights.
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HISTORICAL DATES
1899 International Peace Conference in The Hague
1919 Treaty of Versailles, founded League of Nations
1946 League of Nations was dissolved
June 12,1941 Inter-Allied Declaration
August
14, 1941
Roosevelt and Churchill signed Atlantic Charter
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January 1,
1942
26 Allied nations signed the Declaration by
United Nations
October
30, 1943
USSR, UK, US & China signed agreement
September
1 October
7, 1944
D mbarton Oaks Conference
February
11, 1945
Roosevelt, Ch rchill & Stalin anno nced their
resol tion
1945
50 co ntries adopt Charter of United Nationson Jan ary 25 San Francisco Conference
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Charter·s preamble
` "We the peoples of the United Nations determined«to
reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity
and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of
men and women and of nations large and small «´
Charter·s goal
` "«T o achieve international co-operation in solving
international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights and for
fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to
race, sex, language, or religion«"
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January
10, 1946
First meeting of General Assembly of UN
January
17, 1946
Security of Council meets for the first time
December
10, 1948
General Assembly adopts UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights
October
4, 1949
UN Headquarters were first established inNew York City
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QUESTION???
`Who was the US President whosuggested the term ´UNITED
NATIONSµ` Answer: President Roosevelt
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`What was the charter signed
by Churchill and Roosevelt,
1941?` Answer: Atlantic Charter
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UN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM
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Main Bodies of the United Nations
` General Assembly
` Secretariat
` Security Council
` International Court of Justice
` Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
` Trusteeship Council
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Charter-Based Mechanism for Human
Rights Protection and Promotion
` Universal Declaration of Human Rights
` Commission on Human Rights
` Sub-commission on the Promotion and
Protection of Human Rights
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Universal Declaration on Human Rights
` One of the first international document to be based onthe idea that rights are guaranteed to each human being.
` Aim of establishing world peace by promoting human
rights
` Although it is not legally binding, it has createdinternational human rights standards that are codified in
various international treaties.
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Universal Declaration on Human Rights
` Sought to include the whole spectrum of human rightsfrom cultural, social and economic to civil and political
rights.
` Consist of 30 articles specifying basic rights guaranteed to
each individual.
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Article 1 & 2
` All humans share universal equality and that thisequality is based on the fundamental dignity bestowed
upon humanity
` Article 1 ´We Are All Born Free and Equalµ
` Article 2 ́ Don·t Discriminateµ
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Civil and Political Rights
(Article 3 to 21)
Article 13 ´Freedom to MoveµArticle 14 ´The Right to Seek a Safe Place to Liveµ
Article 15 ´Right to a Nationalityµ
Article 16 ´Marriage and Familyµ
Article 17 ´The Right to Your Own Thingsµ
Article 18 ´Freedom of Thoughtµ
Article 19 ´Freedom of Expressionµ
Article 20 ´The Right to Public AssemblyµArticle 21 ´The Right to Democracyµ
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Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(Article 22 to 27)
` Rights are specified as an indispensable aspect of anindividual·s life, being necessary for one·s dignity and
personal development, and include economic rights.
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Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(Article 22 to 27)
Article 22 ´Social SecurityµArticle 23 ´Workers· Rightsµ
Article 24 ´The Right to Playµ
Article 25 ´Food and Shelter for Allµ
Article 26 ´The Right to Educationµ
Article 27 ´Copyrightµ
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Article 28 to 30
` General framework to provide for the enjoyment of human rights
Article 28 ´A Fair and FreeWorldµ
Article 29 ´Responsibilityµ
Article 30 ´No One Can Take Away Your
Human Rightsµ
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QUESTION???
`What does ARTICLE 1 of UDHR states?
` Answer: Article 1 ́ We Are All Born Free and
Equalµ
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Commission on Human Rights
` Charter-based body that most directly deals with the areaof human rights
` Assisted by the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and
Protection of Human Rights, individual experts, representativesand Special Rapporteurs.
` It has formed standards relating to the right to
development, civil and political rights, economic, socialand cultural rights, the elimination of racial discrimination,torture, the rights of the child and the rights of humanrights defenders.
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Monitoring Human Rights
` 1503 Procedure and 1235 Procedure` Special Procedures
` Fact-finding missions
` Thematic mechanisms or mandate` Advisory services
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1503 Procedure
` It is activated when the Commission receives acommunication about a consistent pattern of gross
human rights violations
` Report may not be an anonymous one yet does not
require the consent of the state concerned for aninvestigation to take place.
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1235 Procedure
` Commission on Human Rights may invoke the 1235 Procedure under which it can hold an annual public
debate about the gross violation
` The Commission may move to have ECOSOC pass a
resolution condemning the violators.
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Fact-finding mission
` An expert or group of experts studies the human rightssituation and looks for violations in a given state with the
purpose of gathering information for a 1503 or a 1235
procedure.
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Thematic Mechanism or Mandate
` Working groups and/or Special Rapporteurs investigatehuman rights violations and the problems they have
caused on a multi-state level. Recently, there has been an
increase in the number of Special Rapporteurs
investigating human rights issues.
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Advisory Services
` The Commission provides educational and informationalassistance to states in order to help them observe a high
level of human rights protection.
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Sub-Commission on the Promotion and
Protection of Human Rights
` It serves as the main subsidiary body to the Commission
on Human Rights
` Mission:´to undertake studies under the guidance of the
UDHR and to make recommendations to theCommission on Human Rights concerning the prevention
of discrimination of any kind relating to human rights and
fundamental freedoms and the protection of racial,
national, religious and linguistic minorities. µ
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High Commissioner for Human Rights
` Carries out the Secretary-General's "good offices" dutiesrelating to human rights, and is accountable to the
Economic and Social Council as well as the Secretary-
General
` Holds the principal position of promoting human rightsand dealing with human rights activities in the UN, and
must also maintain dialogue with all member states on
the subject of human rights.
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Responsibilities of the High
Commissioner
` crisis management;` prevention and early warning of abuses;
` assistance to states in periods of political
transition;` promotion of substantive rights to
governments;
` and coordination and rationalization of humanrights programs.
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` The Commissioner is assisted by a Deputy tothe United Nations High Commissioner for
Human Rights.
` Office of the High Commissioner for HumanRights (OHCHR)
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QUESTION???
` When a 1503 Procedure has failed to stop a humanrights violation it has investigated, the Commission on
Human Rights may invoke the ______ Procedure
` Answer: 1235 Procedure