the united states district court for the district of ... · 07/07/2020 · 4 20. attached hereto...

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THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

REPORTERS COMMITTEE FOR FREEDOM OF THE PRESS

Plaintiff,

v.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, et al.,

Defendants.

Case No. 19-2847 (TFH)

DECLARATION OF ADAM A. MARSHALL

I, Adam A. Marshall, declare as follows:

1. I am a staff attorney at the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (“RCFP”

or “Reporters Committee”), an unincorporated nonprofit association located in Washington, D.C.

I have held this position since September 2016. Prior to becoming an RCFP staff attorney, I was

its Jack Nelson/Dow Jones Foundation Legal Fellow; I held that position from September 2014

through August 2016. I am an attorney and co-counsel for Plaintiff in this matter.

2. I make this declaration in support of Plaintiff’s Cross-Motion for Partial Summary

Judgment and in Opposition to Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment. I have personal

knowledge of the matters stated in this declaration.

3. Since September 2014, when I joined the Reporters Committee, my legal practice

has focused largely on access to public records under state public records laws and under the

federal Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”). My responsibilities include writing and submitting

federal FOIA requests for RCFP. I submitted the FOIA requests at issue in the above-captioned

case on behalf of the Reporters Committee.

Case 1:19-cv-02847-TFH Document 16-3 Filed 07/02/20 of 179

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4. On or about June 21, 2019, I submitted a FOIA request on behalf of RCFP to the

Criminal Division of the Department of Justice (“Criminal Division”) via email, a true and correct

copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 1 (without attachment).


Executive Office for United States Attorneys (“EOUSA”) via email, a true and correct copy of

which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2 (without attachment).


Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) via fax, a true and correct copy of which is attached hereto

as Exhibit 3 (without attachment).

7. Each of RCFP’s requests at issue in this case included a signed privacy

waiver/DOJ-361 form from Bryan Carmody.

8. Following submission of RCFP’s FOIA requests at issue in this case, EOUSA and

the Criminal Division did not to provide a determination within the statutory timeframe.

9. On or around December 10, 2019, the EOUSA informed RCFP that the EOUSA

had located no records responsive to RCFP’s request.

10. On or around December 16, 2019 the Criminal Division informed RCFP that the

Criminal Division had located no records responsive to RCFP’s request.

11. On or around December 11, 2019, the FBI produced one partially redacted record

to RCFP, a true and correct copy of which with redactions of a birth date made pursuant to Fed.

R. Civ. P. 5.2(a) is attached hereto as Exhibit 4.

12. On or about March 4, 2020, I submitted a California Public Records Act request on

behalf of RCFP to the San Francisco Police Department (“SFPD”) via online portal, a true and

correct copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 5.


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13. Attached hereto as Exhibit 6 is a true and correct copy of a record produced by the

SFPD to RCFP in response to RCFP’s California Public Records Act request.

14. Attached hereto as Exhibit 7 is a true and correct copy of portions of a record

produced by the SFPD to RCFP in response to RCFP’s California Public Records Act request.

15. Attached hereto as Exhibit 8 is a true and correct copy of a June 11, 2019 CNN

article titled “San Francisco police seize equipment of freelance journalist who refused to identify

a source.”

16. Attached hereto as Exhibit 9 is a true and correct copy of the FBI’s Records

Management Policy Guide as published by the FBI at https://vault.fbi.gov/records-management-

policy-guide-0769pg-part-01-of-

01/Records%20Management%20Policy%20Guide%200769PG%20Part%2001%20of%2001/vie

w.

17. Attached hereto as Exhibit 10 is a true and correct copy of the DOJ’s News Media

Policy, 28 C.F.R. § 50.10, as published at https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-

idx?SID=f1d3a7753bf1b4c6dc9f0aee72d3d0f6&mc=true&node=se28.2.50_110&rgn=div8.

18. Attached hereto as Exhibit 11 is a true and correct copy of Section 9-13.400 of the

United States Attorneys’ Manual as published at https://www.justice.gov/jm/jm-9-13000-

obtaining-evidence#9-13.400.

19. Attached hereto as Exhibit 12 is a true and correct copy of a declaration from David

Hardy that was filed in Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, et al., v. FBI, et al., No.

1:15-cv-01392 (RJL).


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20. Attached hereto as Exhibit 13 is a true and correct copy of a record produced to the

Reporters Committee from the FBI in Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, et al., v.

FBI, et al., No. 1:15-cv-01392 (RJL).

21. Attached hereto as Exhibit 14 is a true and correct copy of a June 7, 2014 AP article

titled “FBI: San Francisco Bomb Suspect Sought Toxins.”

I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.

Executed this 1st day of July 2020 in Washington, D.C.

/s/ Adam A. Marshall

Adam A. Marshall


EXHIBIT 1


Adam A. Marshall Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press 1156 15th St. NW, Suite 1020 Washington, DC 20005 [email protected] Department of Justice Criminal Division Chief, FOIA/PA Unit Suite 1127, Keeney Building 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20530-0001 Email: [email protected] June 21, 2019 VIA EMAIL RE: Freedom of Information Act Request

This letter constitutes a request under the federal Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552 (“FOIA”), and is submitted on behalf of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (“Reporters Committee” or “RCFP”) to the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”). The Reporters Committee is a nonprofit association dedicated to protecting First Amendment freedoms and the newsgathering rights of journalists.1

I. Background

For nearly three decades, Bryan Carmody has worked in the Bay Area as a journalist and videographer.2 On May 10, 2019, San Francisco police raided Mr. Carmody’s home and office, taking a sledgehammer to the gate of his house and seizing his computers, phones and other devices.3 A spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department said that a search warrant was granted by a judge and executed as part of an inquiry into the release of the “Adachi police report.”4

1 See generally www.rcfp.org. 2 Amir Vera and Keith Allen, San Francisco police seize equipment of freelance journalist who refused to identify a source (June 11, 2019), https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/14/media/california-journalist-equipment-seized/index.html. 3 Laurel Wamsley, San Francisco Police Raid Journalist's Home After He Refuses To Name Source (May 13, 2019), https://www.npr.org/2019/05/13/722745266/san-francisco-police-raid-journalists-home-after-he-refuses-to-name-source. 4 Id.

1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 1020 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 795-9300 www.rcfp.org Bruce D. Brown Executive Director [email protected] (202) 795-9301 STEERING COMMITTEE STEPHEN J. ADLER Reuters J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE The Associated Press WOLF BLITZER CNN DAVID BOARDMAN Temple University MASSIMO CALABRESI Time Magazine MANNY GARCIA USA Today Network EMILIO GARCIA-RUIZ The Washington Post JOSH GERSTEIN Politico ALEX GIBNEY Jigsaw Productions SUSAN GOLDBERG National Geographic JAMES GRIMALDI The Wall Street Journal LAURA HANDMAN Davis Wright Tremaine DIEGO IBARGÜEN Hearst KAREN KAISER The Associated Press DAVID LAUTER Los Angeles Times DAHLIA LITHWICK Slate MARGARET LOW The Atlantic JANE MAYER The New Yorker MAGGIE MULVIHILL Boston University JAMES NEFF Philadelphia Media Network CAROL ROSENBERG The New York Times THOMAS C. RUBIN Quinn Emmanuel CHARLIE SAVAGE The New York Times BEN SMITH BuzzFeed JENNIFER SONDAG Bloomberg News PIERRE THOMAS ABC News SAUNDRA TORRY Freelance VICKIE WALTON-JAMES NPR JUDY WOODRUFF PBS/The NewsHour SENIOR ADVISORS CHIP BOK Creators Syndicate JOHN C. HENRY Freelance TONY MAURO National Law Journal ANDREA MITCHELL NBC News PAUL STEIGER ProPublica Affiliations appear only for purposes of identification


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The “Adachi police report” is the police report concerning the death of San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi in February, who died at age 59.

Mr. Carmody has said that two inspectors with the San Francisco Police Department’s

Internal Affairs Bureau initially asked for his source on the Adachi report in April 2019, but he declined to reveal the person’s name.5 Mr. Carmody has further stated that during the May 2019 search of his home, two men who identified themselves as FBI agents tried to interview him, but he declined to speak with them and asked for a lawyer.6

Please note the additional background information which is provided to facilitate the

location of records responsive to this request:

- In January 2015, the Attorney General issued an updated policy, codified at 28 C.F.R. 50.10, regarding obtaining information from and questioning members of the news media (the “News Media Policy”). The News Media Policy mandates robust review and evaluation by the DOJ Criminal Division of requests for authorization to use covered law enforcement tools to question and obtain information from members of the news media, and requires oversight by senior DOJ officials. Under the News Media Policy, Attorney General approval is required before members of the DOJ can question or execute a search warrant against a member of the news media based on conduct related to newsgathering activities, among other things.

- Section 9-13.400 of the United States Attorneys’ Manual and the News Media Policy

require members of the DOJ to submit a memorandum to the Policy and Statutory Enforcement Unit (“PSEU”) describing the relevant facts and considerations required to determine whether the DOJ may obtain information from, or records of, members of the news media, question or arrest members of the news media, or execute a search warrant against members of the news media. Submission of this memorandum is part of the mandatory consultation requirement wherein the Attorney General can evaluate whether law enforcement tools may be used with respect to members of the news media.

- Additionally, § 9-13.400 of the United States Attorneys’ Manual states that when there is a question regarding whether an individual or entity is a member of the news media, “members of the Department must consult with the PSEU before employing the use of a covered law enforcement tool. Members of the Department must also consult with the PSEU regarding whether the conduct at issue of the affected member of the news media constitutes or relates to ‘newsgathering activities.’”

- The Privacy Protection Act (“PPA”), codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2000aa et seq., protects

journalists from the search or seizure by law enforcement of any work product and documentary materials before dissemination to the public.

5 Evan Sernoffsky, SF police raid journalist’s home in probe over leaked Adachi report (May 10, 2019), https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/SF-police-raid-journalist-s-home-in-probe-over-13837363.php?psid=4xXNM. 6 Id.


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- The California Shield Law—found in California, Article I, § 2(b) of the California Constitution, California Evidence Code § 1070, and California Penal Code § 1524(g)—provides immunity from being held in contempt to reporters, editors, publishers, and other people connected with or employed by newspapers, magazines, press associations and wire services, as well as radio or TV news reporters. California Penal Code § 1524(g) states that no warrant shall issue for any item or items described in §1070 of the California Evidence Code. The California Shield Law applies to both the source of information (“confidential sources”) and to “unpublished information” such as notes, out-takes, unpublished photographs and tapes.

II. Requested Records

Pursuant to the FOIA, I, on behalf of the Reporters Committee, request access to and

copies of the following records:

1. All records mentioning or referring to Bryan Carmody. A signed DOJ-361 form from Mr. Carmody is attached hereto.

2. All records, including email correspondence, text messages, and other electronic messages, that include the term “Carmody” (case insensitive) and any of the following keywords (case insensitive):

a. Shield b. Privacy Protection Act c. PPA d. Leak e. Leaks f. Subpoena g. Newsgathering h. Question i. Questions j. Questioning k. Media l. Warrant m. Search n. Seize o. Seizure;

3. All communications, including email correspondence, text messages, and other electronic

messages between any individual at the Department of Justice and a. the San Francisco Police Department b. the District Attorney’s Office for the City and County of San Francisco c. the San Francisco Sheriff’s Department d. the California Bureau of Investigation e. the California Office of the Governor, and/or f. the California Highway Patrol

that mention, refer to, or discuss Bryan Carmody;


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4. All records mentioning, referring to, or constituting the memorandum sent from the

United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California seeking approval for questioning, arresting, or charging Bryan Carmody.

Please note that email correspondence, as referred to in this request, includes the entire email

chain in which the DOJ is a sender or recipient (including a “cc” or “bcc”) of one or more emails in the chain. This request also includes any email attachments. This request also includes official communications sent or received using any non-governmental email account or other electronic messaging account.

III. Fees and Fee Categorization

As a representative of the news media, the Reporters Committee is only required to pay for the direct cost of duplication after the first 100 pages. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(II). This information is being sought on behalf of the Reporters Committee for inter alia, analysis and free dissemination to the general public through multiple avenues, including RCFP’s website,7 social media accounts,8 and email newsletter.9

In the event that there are duplication fees for responding to this request, the Reporters

Committee is willing to pay up to $50. Please let me know in advance if fees for responding to this request will exceed that amount before proceeding.

IV. Conclusion

If this request is denied in whole or part, please justify all such denials by reference to

specific exemptions and explain why DOJ “reasonably foresees that disclosure would harm an interest” protected by that exemption or why “disclosure is prohibited by law[.]” 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(8). Please also ensure that all segregable portions of otherwise exempt material are released.

If you have any questions regarding this request, please feel free to contact me at (202)

795-9308. Thank you in advance for your assistance.

Sincerely, Adam A. Marshall Knight Foundation Litigation Attorney Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press [email protected]

7 https://www.rcfp.org/. 8 See, e.g., https://twitter.com/rcfp (~16.3 thousand followers as of May 14, 2019); https://www.facebook.com/ReportersCommittee/ (8,148 “likes” as of May 14, 2019). 9 https://rcfp.us15.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=682100887bbcfff066b451132&id=8f701b284f.


EXHIBIT 2


Adam A. Marshall Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press 1156 15th St. NW, Suite 1020 Washington, DC 20005 [email protected] Department of Justice Executive Office for United States Attorneys FOIA/Privacy Unit 175 N Street, N.E. Suite 5.400 Washington, DC 20530-0001 [email protected] June 21, 2019 VIA EMAIL RE: Freedom of Information Act Request

This letter constitutes a request under the federal Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552 (“FOIA”), and is submitted on behalf of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (“Reporters Committee” or “RCFP”) to the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (“EOUSA”) for records maintained by the United States Attorneys’ Office for the Northern District of California (“USAO-NDC”). The Reporters Committee is a nonprofit association dedicated to protecting First Amendment freedoms and the newsgathering rights of journalists.1

I. Background

For nearly three decades, Bryan Carmody has worked in the Bay Area as a journalist and videographer.2 On May 10, 2019, San Francisco police raided Mr. Carmody’s home and office, taking a sledgehammer to the gate of his house and seizing his computers, phones and other devices.3 A spokesman for the San

1 See generally www.rcfp.org. 2 Amir Vera and Keith Allen, San Francisco police seize equipment of freelance journalist who refused to identify a source (June 11, 2019), https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/14/media/california-journalist-equipment-seized/index.html. 3 Laurel Wamsley, San Francisco Police Raid Journalist's Home After He Refuses To Name Source (May 13, 2019), https://www.npr.org/2019/05/13/722745266/san-francisco-police-raid-journalists-home-after-he-refuses-to-name-source.

1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 1020 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 795-9300 www.rcfp.org

Bruce D. Brown Executive Director [email protected] (202) 795-9301

STEERING COMMITTEE STEPHEN J. ADLER Reuters J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE The Associated Press WOLF BLITZER CNN DAVID BOARDMAN Temple University MASSIMO CALABRESI Time Magazine MANNY GARCIA USA Today Network

EMILIO GARCIA-RUIZ The Washington Post JOSH GERSTEIN Politico

ALEX GIBNEY Jigsaw Productions

SUSAN GOLDBERG National Geographic

JAMES GRIMALDI The Wall Street Journal LAURA HANDMAN Davis Wright Tremaine

DIEGO IBARGÜEN Hearst KAREN KAISER The Associated Press

DAVID LAUTER Los Angeles Times DAHLIA LITHWICK Slate

MARGARET LOW The Atlantic

JANE MAYER The New Yorker

MAGGIE MULVIHILL Boston University

JAMES NEFF Philadelphia Media Network

CAROL ROSENBERG The New York Times

THOMAS C. RUBIN Quinn Emmanuel CHARLIE SAVAGE The New York Times

BEN SMITH BuzzFeed

JENNIFER SONDAG Bloomberg News PIERRE THOMAS ABC News

SAUNDRA TORRY Freelance

VICKIE WALTON-JAMES NPR JUDY WOODRUFF PBS/The NewsHour SENIOR ADVISORS

CHIP BOK Creators Syndicate JOHN C. HENRY Freelance TONY MAURO National Law Journal ANDREA MITCHELL NBC News

PAUL STEIGER ProPublica

Affiliations appear only for purposes of identification


2

Francisco Police Department said that a search warrant was granted by a judge and executed as part of an inquiry into the release of the “Adachi police report.”4 The “Adachi police report” is the police report concerning the death of San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi in February, who died at age 59.

Mr. Carmody has said that two inspectors with the San Francisco Police Department’s

Internal Affairs Bureau initially asked for his source on the Adachi report in April 2019, but he declined to reveal the person’s name.5 Mr. Carmody has further stated that during the May 2019 search of his home, two men who identified themselves as FBI agents tried to interview him, but he declined to speak with them and asked for a lawyer.6

Please note the additional background information which is provided to facilitate the

location of records responsive to this request:

- In January 2015, the Attorney General issued an updated policy, codified at 28 C.F.R. 50.10, regarding obtaining information from and questioning members of the news media (the “News Media Policy”). The News Media Policy mandates robust review and evaluation by the DOJ Criminal Division of requests for authorization to use covered law enforcement tools to question and obtain information from members of the news media, and requires oversight by senior DOJ officials. Under the News Media Policy, Attorney General approval is required before members of the DOJ can question or execute a search warrant against a member of the news media based on conduct related to newsgathering activities, among other things.

- Section 9-13.400 of the United States Attorneys’ Manual and the News Media Policy

require members of the DOJ to submit a memorandum to the Policy and Statutory Enforcement Unit (“PSEU”) describing the relevant facts and considerations required to determine whether the DOJ may obtain information from, or records of, members of the news media, question or arrest members of the news media, or execute a search warrant against members of the news media. Submission of this memorandum is part of the mandatory consultation requirement wherein the Attorney General can evaluate whether law enforcement tools may be used with respect to members of the news media.

- Additionally, § 9-13.400 of the United States Attorneys’ Manual states that when there is a question regarding whether an individual or entity is a member of the news media, “members of the Department must consult with the PSEU before employing the use of a covered law enforcement tool. Members of the Department must also consult with the PSEU regarding whether the conduct at issue of the affected member of the news media constitutes or relates to ‘newsgathering activities.’”

4 Id. 5 Evan Sernoffsky, SF police raid journalist’s home in probe over leaked Adachi report (May 10, 2019), https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/SF-police-raid-journalist-s-home-in-probe-over-13837363.php?psid=4xXNM. 6 Id.


3

- The Privacy Protection Act (“PPA”), codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2000aa et seq., protects journalists from the search or seizure by law enforcement of any work product and documentary materials before dissemination to the public.

- The California Shield Law—found in California, Article I, § 2(b) of the California

Constitution, California Evidence Code § 1070, and California Penal Code § 1524(g)—provides immunity from being held in contempt to reporters, editors, publishers, and other people connected with or employed by newspapers, magazines, press associations and wire services, as well as radio or TV news reporters. California Penal Code § 1524(g) states that no warrant shall issue for any item or items described in §1070 of the California Evidence Code. The California Shield Law applies to both the source of information (“confidential sources”) and to “unpublished information” such as notes, out-takes, unpublished photographs and tapes.


Pursuant to the FOIA, I, on behalf of the Reporters Committee, request access to and

copies of the following records maintained by the USAO-NDC:

1. All records mentioning or referring to Bryan Carmody. A signed DOJ-361 form from Mr. Carmody is attached hereto.

2. All records, including email correspondence, text messages, and other electronic messages, that include the term “Carmody” (case insensitive) and any of the following keywords (case insensitive):

a. Shield b. Privacy Protection Act c. PPA d. Leak e. Leaks f. Subpoena g. Newsgathering h. Question i. Questions j. Questioning k. Media l. Warrant m. Search n. Seize o. Seizure;

3. All communications, including email correspondence, text messages, and other electronic

messages between any individual at the USAO-NDC and a. the San Francisco Police Department b. the District Attorney’s Office for the City and County of San Francisco c. the San Francisco Sheriff’s Department


4

d. the California Bureau of Investigation e. the California Office of the Governor, and/or f. the California Highway Patrol,

that mention, refer to, or discuss Bryan Carmody;

4. All records mentioning, referring to, or constituting the memorandum sent from the USAO-NDC seeking approval for questioning, arresting, or charging Bryan Carmody.

Please note that email correspondence, as referred to in this request, includes the entire email

chain in which the USAO-NDC is a sender or recipient (including a “cc” or “bcc”) of one or more emails in the chain. This request also includes any email attachments. This request also includes official communications sent or received using any non-governmental email account or other electronic messaging account.


As a representative of the news media, the Reporters Committee is only required to pay for the direct cost of duplication after the first 100 pages. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(II). This information is being sought on behalf of the Reporters Committee for inter alia, analysis and free dissemination to the general public through multiple avenues, including RCFP’s website,7 social media accounts,8 and email newsletter.9

In the event that there are duplication fees for responding to this request, the Reporters

Committee is willing to pay up to $50. Please let me know in advance if fees for responding to this request will exceed that amount before proceeding.

IV. Conclusion

If this request is denied in whole or part, please justify all such denials by reference to

specific exemptions and explain why EOUSA “reasonably foresees that disclosure would harm an interest” protected by that exemption or why “disclosure is prohibited by law[.]” 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(8). Please also ensure that all segregable portions of otherwise exempt material are released.

If you have any questions regarding this request, please feel free to contact me at (202)

795-9308. Thank you in advance for your assistance.


7 https://www.rcfp.org/. 8 See, e.g., https://twitter.com/rcfp (~16.3 thousand followers as of May 14, 2019); https://www.facebook.com/ReportersCommittee/ (8,148 “likes” as of May 14, 2019). 9 https://rcfp.us15.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=682100887bbcfff066b451132&id=8f701b284f.


EXHIBIT 3


EXHIBIT 4


Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2


EXHIBIT 5


Adam A. Marshall Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press 1156 15th St. NW, Suite 1020 Washington, DC 20005 [email protected] San Francisco Police Department Records Management 1245 3rd Street San Francisco, CA 94158 VIA ONLINE PORTAL March 4, 2020 RE: California Public Records Act and San Francisco Sunshine Ordinance Request

This letter constitutes a request under the San Francisco Sunshine Ordinance, Administrative Code § 67.1 et. seq and the California Public Records Act, § 6250 et seq., and is submitted on behalf of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (“Reporters Committee” or “RCFP”) to the San Francisco Police Department (“SFPD”). The Reporters Committee is a nonprofit association dedicated to protecting First Amendment freedoms and the newsgathering rights of journalists.1

I. Background

For nearly three decades, Bryan Carmody has worked in the bay Area as a journalist and videographer.2 On May 10, 2019, San Francisco police searched Mr. Carmody’s home and office.3 A spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department said that a search warrant was granted by a judge and executed as part of an inquiry into the release of the “Adachi police report.”4 The “Adachi police report” is the police report concerning the death of San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi earlier that year. During the search of Mr. Carmody’s home, two men who identified themselves as FBI agents tried to interview him.5


Pursuant to the San Francisco Sunshine Ordinance and the California Public Records Act, I, on behalf of the Reporters Committee, request access to and copies of all emails that were sent or received between May 11, 2019 and December 31, 2019 and that contain both “Carmody” and “FBI”.

1 See generally www.rcfp.org. 2 Amir Vera and Keith Allen, San Francisco police seize equipment of freelance journalist who refused to identify a source, CNN (June 11, 2019), https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/14/media/california-journalist-equipment-seized/index.html.

Laurel Wamsley, San Francisco Police Raid Journalist's Home After He Refuses To Name Source, NPR (May 13, 2019), https://www.npr.org/2019/05/13/722745266/san-francisco-police-raid- journalists-home-after-he-refuses-to-name-source. 4 Id. 5 Id.

1156 15th Street NW, Suite 1020 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 795-9300 | www.rcfp.org

Bruce D. Brown, Executive Director

STEERING COMMITTEE STEPHEN J. ADLER Reuters J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE The Associated Press WOLF BLITZER CNN DAVID BOARDMAN Temple University MASSIMO CALABRESI Time Magazine MANNY GARCIA USA Today Network

EMILIO GARCIA-RUIZ The Washington Post JOSH GERSTEIN Politico

ALEX GIBNEY Jigsaw Productions

SUSAN GOLDBERG National Geographic

JAMES GRIMALDI The Wall Street Journal LAURA HANDMAN Davis Wright Tremaine

DIEGO IBARGÜEN Hearst KAREN KAISER The Associated Press

DAVID LAUTER Los Angeles Times DAHLIA LITHWICK Slate

MARGARET LOW The Atlantic

JANE MAYER The New Yorker COLLEEN MCCAIN NELSON The McClatchy Company

MAGGIE MULVIHILL Boston University

JAMES NEFF The Philadelphia Inquirer

NORMAN PEARLSTINE The Los Angeles Times

CAROL ROSENBERG The New York Times

THOMAS C. RUBIN Quinn Emmanuel CHARLIE SAVAGE The New York Times

BEN SMITH BuzzFeed

JENNIFER SONDAG Bloomberg News ADAM SYMSON The E.W. Scripps Company

PIERRE THOMAS ABC News

SAUNDRA TORRY Freelance

VICKIE WALTON-JAMES NPR JUDY WOODRUFF PBS/The NewsHour SENIOR ADVISORS CHIP BOK Creators Syndicate JOHN C. HENRY Freelance TONY MAURO National Law Journal, ret. ANDREA MITCHELL NBC News PAUL STEIGER ProPublica Affiliations appear only for purposes of identification



As a representative of the news media, the Reporters Committee asks that fees associated with the processing of this records request be waived or reduced. See N. Cty. Parents Org. v Dep’t of Ed., 23 Cal. App. 4th 144, 148, 28 Cal. Rptr. 2d 359 (1994) (where court held agency had discretionary authority under the act to reduce or waive fee for public records).

This information is being sought on behalf of the Reporters Committee for inter alia, analysis and free

dissemination to the general public through multiple avenues, including RCFP’s website,6 social media accounts,7 and email newsletter.8

In the event that there are duplication fees for responding to this request, the Reporters Committee is

willing to pay up to $50. Please let me know in advance if fees for responding to this request will exceed that amount before proceeding.

IV. Conclusion

If this request is denied in whole or part, please justify all such denials by reference to specific exemptions.

See, e.g., Long Beach Police Officers Ass’n v. City of Long Beach, 59 Cal. 4th 59, 67 (2014) (stating that exemptions are to be narrowly construed and public agencies bear the burden of proving that an exemption applies). Please also ensure that all segregable portions of otherwise exempt material are released per Cal. Gov’t Code§ 6253(a).

If you have any questions regarding this request, please feel free to contact me at (202) 795-9308. Thank

you in advance for your assistance.


6 https://www.rcfp.org/. 7 See, e.g., https://twitter.com/rcfp (~18.2 thousand followers as of Feb. 13, 2020); https://www.facebook.com/ReportersCommittee/ (8,724 “likes” as of Feb. 13, 2020). 8 https://rcfp.us15.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=682100887bbcfff066b451132&id=8f701b284f.


EXHIBIT 6


Fw: Warrant Service

Torres, Pilar (POL) < [email protected] > Thu 12/19/2019 5:59 PM

To: Andraychak, Michael (POL) <[email protected] >

Per your request,

This one appears to reference the quashed search warrant?

Lieutenant Pilar E. Torres #597 San Francisco Police Department Southern Station 1251 3rd Street San Francisco, Ca. 94158 Office- 415.575.6090 Cell-

From: Eldridge, Michael P. (SF) (FBI) <mpeld ridge @thi.gov>

Sent: Friday, May 10, 2019 6:54 PM To: Torres, Pilar (POL) <[email protected]> Subject: Re: Warrant Service

Great to hear, thanks for the update Pilar. Sorry we weren't able to get a better result for you on our end, but thanks for letting us take a shot. I spoke with Joe a little earlier, but if you guys are all right with it, we were going to try to follow up with his attorney early next week.

If you need anything else from us, please let us know. We'll send over the report from today once it's finalized in our system.

Regards,

Mike

Michael Eldridge Special Agent FBI San Francisco 450 Golden Gate Avenue, 13th Floor San Francisco, CA 94102


On May 10, 2019 5:24 PM, "Torres, Pilar (POL)" <[email protected] > wrote: Mike,

We ended up at a secondary location where we met with success! He still would not give any additional information but we still have the digital media to scrub.

Thank you for you help!

Lieutenant Pilar E. Torres #597 San Francisco Police Department Investigative Services Detail 1245 3rd Street San Francisco, Ca. 94158 Desk- 415.882.8425 Cell- 3 /

From: Eldridge, Michael P. (SF) (FBI) <mpeld ridge @fbi.gov> Sent: Thursday, May 9, 2019 6:57:10 PM To: Torres, Pilar (POL) Subject: Re: Warrant Service

This message is from outside the City email system. Do not open links or attachments from untrusted sources.

Got it, thanks Pilar. We'll see you tomorrow morning.

Regards,

Mike

Michael Eldridge Special Agent FBI San Francisco 450 Golden Gate Avenue, 13th Floor San Francisco, CA 94102

3/1/

On May 9, 2019 6:53 PM, "Torres, Pilar (POL)" <[email protected] > wrote: Mike,

Please see the attached information.

3


Lieutenant Pilar E. Torres #597 San Francisco Police Department Investigative Services Detail 1245 3rd Street San Francisco, Ca. 94158 Desk- 415.882.8425

)


EXHIBIT 7


Fw: 190149152 / Carmody I SVRCFL Lab # SV-19-0033

Obidi, Joseph (POL) Wed 12/4/2019 11:38 AM

To: Andraychak, Michael (POL) <[email protected] >

Sgt. Joseph Obidi #2328 San Francisco Police Department Investigations Bureau 850 Bryant Street, Room 525 San Francisco Ca 94103 415-

This email is meant for only the intended recipient(s) of the transmission, and may be a communication privileged by law. If you have received this e-mail in error, any review, use, dissemination, distribution, or copying of this e-mail is strictly prohibited. Please notify us immediately of the error by return e-mail and please delete this message from your system. Thank you in advance for your cooperation.

From: Brian Rodriguez <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, June 10, 2019 2:27 PM

To: Torres, Pilar (POL) <[email protected]>

Cc: Kwok, Sherman (SF) (FBI) <[email protected]>; Penni Price <[email protected]>; Obidi, Joseph (POL)

<[email protected]>

Subject: Re: 190149152 I Carmody I SVRCFL Lab # SV-19-0033

This message is from outside the City email system. Do not open links or attachments from untrusted sources.

Hello Lt. Torres-

I'm touching base on this case again. I know you had some questions a week or two back regarding the disposition of the forensic images and our documentation. We are at a point where we must close this case if the exam is not going to continue or if no new legal authority will be supplied.


Do you want us to destroy the forensic images (copies) we have of the laptops, OR would you like us to close our case and give you the archive tape containing the images for a later disposition? Either way, it will be documented in a written report.

I am currently out of state, but SVRCFL Lab Director Sherman Kwok (CC'd) will be facilitating the closure of the case. If you have any questions, contact the lab main number at 650-289-3000.

Thanks for an expedited response on this!

-Brian

On My 28, 2019, at 12:29 PM, Brian Rodriguez <brodriguezcrcfl.aov> wrote:

Hi Joe-

In light of all the stuff going on with this case, we have not gone any further with this first request with the two laptops. All that happened here is that I forensically imaged both laptops and Penni prepared to process them. We stopped once we heard the evidence was being picked up. As you know, all submitted evidence was returned to SFPD on 5/20/19. Nothing at all was done on the second request (SV-19-0033-2) with the tower PC and loose HDDs - a written report is forthcoming detailing that.

I do have a question on this first request (with the two laptops) ... since I forensically imaged both laptops, we have a couple of options:

1) Close our exam (which hasn't really started) and return the master copy tape (containing the forensic images of the laptops) along with a written report in case you/someone wants to examine these laptops for evidence at a later date. 2) Close our exam (which hasn't really started) and DESTROY the master copy tape (containing the forensic images of the laptops), which means the laptops can never be examined unless they are seized from the subject again. 3) Hold - since we have forensic images of the two laptops (only) and wait for further instruction to possibly examine them.

Please advise!

Thanks!


Sgt. Brian Rodriguez # 4075 San Francisco Police Department Deputy Director / TFO - Silicon Valley Regional Computer Forensics Laboratory Desk Phone (650) / Cell Phone (415) brodriguezrcfI.gov / brian. rod rig [email protected] / bd rod riguezfbi.gov

This communication contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is

loaned to your agency; it and its contents or attachments are not to be distributed outside your agency.


EXHIBIT 8


6/24/20, 6:08 PMSan Francisco police seize equipment of freelance journalist who refused to identify a source - CNN

Page 1 of 4https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/14/media/california-journalist-equipment-seized/index.html

San Francisco police seize equipment offreelance journalist who refused to identifya source

Updated 10:15 AM ET, Tue June 11, 2019

By Amir Vera and Keith Allen, CNN

(CNN) — Bryan Carmody was sleeping Friday when he woke to the sound of San Francisco police o:cers breakingdown his security gate with a sledgehammer.

The northern California-based freelance journalist told CNN Monday the group of o:cers produced a searchwarrant to enter his residence.

For the next seven hours, Carmody said, he was handcuEed as o:cers seized his computers, cameras, phonesand notebooks. O:cers also searched Carmody's o:ce away from his home. While he wasn't arrested, Carmodysaid o:cers gave him no indication of when his equipment would be returned.

"They took every digital photo I've ever taken, even family photos," Carmody said. "Basically, at this point, I'm out ofbusiness."

Carmody said in his 29 years of being a journalist, nothing like this has ever happened to him.

The raid of Carmody's home came after an April 11 conversation with o:cers in which Carmody refused to tellauthorities how he obtained a confidential police report that included information about the February death ofprominent San Francisco public defender JeE Adachi, according to Carmody's attorney Thomas R. Burke.Carmody told o:cers he could not divulge his source, he said Monday.

Adachi, 59, was known for his dogged criticism of the police department, according to CNN a:liate KPIX-TV. Thecoroner's o:ce, KPIX reported, said Adachi died from a mix of alcohol consumption and cocaine.

Police refused to release the report or details behind Adachi's death, CNN a:liate KPIX reported. Police saidreleasing such details would "endanger the safety of a witness or other person involved in the investigation, or ...endanger the successful completion of the investigation or a related investigation."

Despite the police department's reluctance to release investigation information, details were leaked and madetheir way into news reports.

"The notion that I was running around hawking this (confidential police) document is wrong," Carmody told CNN."The documents were part of a story, I sold a story. I give stations a heads up, that's how our agreement works."

Carmody also said that his reporting and distribution of the story did not arise out of any political agenda or a

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https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/04/18/jeff-adachi-san-francisco-sfpd-apologizes-leaks-death-investigation/

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grudge against the city of San Francisco or its police department.

His attorney demanded in a statement Monday that police return "these improperly seized materials, or, at aminimum, not review any materials."

"There is no conceivable basis here for the SFPD to claim any 'exigency' exception to bypass these well-established protections for journalists like Mr. Carmody," Burke said.

Burke said he spoke with a San Francisco o:cer twice Friday and to the department's spokesperson Saturday. Hesays he hasn't received a response from the department concerning the return of his client's possessions. He did,however, reach out to the city's district attorney's o:ce and was told the city's top prosecutor had not reviewedany search warrants executed at Carmody's home or o:ce, he said.

Burke said if the department doesn't return Carmody's possessions by Tuesday, then he'll "seek relief from thecourt."

Police: 'We are committed to maintaining the public's trust'The San Francisco Police Department issued a statement Monday saying the search warrant was granted by ajudge and done as part of a criminal investigation into the "illegal release of the confidential Adachi police reportand subsequent sale to members of the media."

"The citizens and leaders of the City of San Francisco have demanded a complete and thorough investigation intothis leak, and this action represents a step in the process of investigating a potential case of obstruction of justicealong with the illegal distribution of confidential police material," the statement read. "We are committed tomaintaining the public's trust, investigating any allegations of misconduct and holding those responsible for suchacts accountable."

The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a nonprofit that advocates for civil liberties in the digital age and is based inSan Francisco, also released a statement through David Greene, the organization's civil liberties director and seniorstaE attorney. Greene said the police department's statement fails to address the illegality of its search warrant.

"California law has an absolute ban on the use of a search warrant to obtain materials in possession of ajournalist," Greene said. "So when a warrant is used to obtain materials from a journalist, our first thought is that isagainst the law."

Greene added there are no exceptions no matter the investigation.

"That a judge signed the search warrant means either the judge made an error or maybe the police did not informthe court that the person was a journalist," he said.

Journalism organizations condemn raidThe Society of Professional Journalists Northern California chapter (SPJ NorCal) and the Committee to ProtestJournalists, an independent, nonprofit organization that promotes press freedom worldwide, both releasedstatements condemning Friday's raid.


https://spjnorcal.org/2019/05/12/spj-norcal-condemns-search-of-freelancer-bryan-carmody-as-attack-on-first-amendment/

https://cpj.org/2019/05/san-francisco-police-raid-freelancer-bryan-carmody.php



"California's Shield Law protects journalists from being held in contempt for refusing to disclose their sources'identities and other unpublished/unaired information obtained during the news gathering process," SPJ NorCalsaid. "That this search was carried out weeks after Carmody declined a request from San Francisco police todivulge his sources shows an alarming disregard for the right to gather and report on information."

SPJ NorCal's statement also said that while there may be questions around the reporting of Adachi's death, "theseizure of any journalist's notes or other reporting materials sets a dangerous precedent."

"An attack on the rights of one journalist is an attack on the rights of all journalists," the statement read. "SanFrancisco's wrongful actions against Carmody threaten fundamental journalistic freedoms which are vital to afunctioning democracy."

The Committee to Protect Journalists "called on authorities to immediately return electronic devices, documents,and other seized property."

Carmody on Monday expressed his gratitude to his supporters.

"The outpouring of support that I've gotten from friends and colleagues and people I don't know -- big reportersthat I would never cross paths with," he said. "It's just really nice to have these people reaching out and supportingme and its helping me get through this."

CNN's Augie Martin and Chris Boyette contributed to this report.

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https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?SID=f1d3a7753bf1b4c6dc9f0aee72d3d0f6&mc=true&page=faq%23quest11

EXHIBIT 11


6/24/20, 6:14 PM9-13.000 - Obtaining Evidence | JM | Department of Justice

Page 4 of 33https://www.justice.gov/jm/jm-9-13000-obtaining-evidence#9-13.400

[added December 2017]

9-13.200 - Communications with Represented Persons

Department attorneys are governed in criminal and civil law enforcement investigations and proceedings by therelevant rule of professional conduct that deals with communications with represented persons. 28 U.S.C. Section530B. In determining which rule of professional conduct is relevant, Department attorneys should be guided by 28C.F.R. Part 77 (1999). Department attorneys are strongly encouraged to consult with their ProfessionalResponsibility Officers or supervisors—and, if appropriate, the Professional Responsibility Advisory Office—whenthere is a question regarding which is the relevant rule or the interpretation or application of the relevant rule.

[updated January 2020]

9-13.300 - Polygraphs—Department Policy

The Department opposes all attempts by defense counsel to admit polygraph evidence or to have an examinerappointed by the court to conduct a polygraph test. Government attorneys should refrain from seeking theadmission of favorable examinations that may have been conducted during the investigatory stage for the followingreasons.

Though certain physiological reactions such as a fast heartbeat, muscle contraction, and sweaty palms are believedto be associated with deception attempts, they do not, by themselves, indicate deceit. Anger, fear, anxiety, surprise,shame, embarrassment, and resentment can also produce these same physiological reactions. S. Rep. No. 284,100th Cong., 2d Sess. 3-5 (1988). Moreover, an individual is less likely to produce these physiological reactions ifhe is assured that the results of the examination will not be disclosed without his approval. Given the presenttheoretical and practical deficiencies of polygraphs, the government takes the position that polygraph results shouldnot be introduced into evidence at trial. On the other hand, in respect to its use as an investigatory tool, theDepartment recognizes that in certain situations, as in testing the reliability of an informer, a polygraph can be ofsome value. Department policy therefore supports the limited use of t he polygraph during investigations. Thislimited use should be effectuated by using the trained examiners of the federal investigative agencies, primarily theFBI, in accordance with internal procedures formulated by the agencies. E.g., R. Ferguson, Polygraph Policy Modelfor Law Enforcement, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, pages 6-20 (June 1987). The case agent or prosecutor shouldmake clear to the possible defendant or witness the limited purpose for which results are used and that the testresults will be only one factor in making a prosecutive decision. If the subject is in custody, the test should bepreceded by Miranda warnings. Subsequent admissions or confessions will then be admissible if the trial courtdetermines that the statements were voluntary. Wyrick v. Fields, 459 U.S. 42 (1982); Keiper v. Cupp, 509 F.2d 238(9th Cir. 1975).

[updated January 2020]

9‐13.400 Obtaining Information From, or Records of, Members of the News Media; andQuestioning, Arresting, or Charging Members of the News Media.

In January 2015, the Attorney General issued an updated policy, reflected in 28 C.F.R. 50.10, regarding obtaininginformation from, or records of, members of the news media; and regarding questioning, arresting, or chargingmembers of the news media. The updated policy is intended to ensure that, in determining whether to seekinformation from, or records of, members of the news media, the Department strikes the proper balance among




several vital interests: protecting national security, ensuring public safety, promoting effective law enforcement andthe fair administration of justice, and safeguarding the essential role of the free press in fostering governmentaccountability and an open society. See Memorandum from the Attorney General to All Department Employees(Jan. 14. 2015); Memorandum from the Attorney General to All Department Employees (Feb. 21, 2014); Report onReview of News Media Policies (July 2013). To achieve this balance, the policy mandates robust review andevaluation by the Criminal Division of requests for authorization to use covered law enforcement tools, and oversightby senior Department officials.

This section provides guidance regarding the interpretation and application of the policy reflected in 28 C.F.R. 50.10;instruction regarding the process for securing the necessary approvals; and information regarding the mandatoryconsultation requirements that are noted where applicable throughout this section and summarized in subsectionM herein. See Memorandum from the Attorney General to All Department Employees (Jan. 14. 2015). To satisfy themandatory consultation requirement, members of the Department must submit to the Policy and StatutoryEnforcement Unit (PSEU) at [email protected] (link sends e-mail) a memorandum describing the relevant facts andaddressing the relevant considerations. In addition to the PSEU email address, members of the Department maycontact PSEU for any questions by calling (202) 305‐4023. Members of the Department may not employ the use ofthe investigative tool at issue until the Criminal Division has responded in writing.

Because obtaining information from, or records of, members of the news media; and questioning, arresting, orcharging members of the news media, requires balancing critical law enforcement and free press‐related interests,obtaining the Attorney General’s authorization to use the law enforcement tools covered by this policy (or consultingwith the Criminal Division, as required) often is time intensive. Accordingly, to ensure appropriate consideration,members of the Department should submit requests for authorization or consultation pursuant to thispolicy at least 30 days before the anticipated use of the covered law enforcement tool.

A. Statement of Principles.

1. 1. The Department’s policy is intended to provide protection to members of the news media fromcertain law enforcement tools, whether criminal or civil, that might unreasonably impairnewsgathering. The policy is not intended to extend special protections to members of the newsmedia who are the subject or targets of criminal investigations for conduct not based on, or within thescope of, newsgathering activities. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a)(1). The policy also is not intended to inhibit theability of law enforcement authorities to engage with members of the news media for the purpose ofseeking the voluntary (i.e., without compulsion) production or disclosure of records, materials, orinformation; or to question or interview members of the news media on a voluntary basis when suchquestioning does not concern criminal conduct the member of the news media is suspected of havingcommitted in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities.

The policy does not define "member of the news media." Rather, whether an individual or an entity isa member of the news media is a fact‐specific inquiry, and should be determined on a case‐by‐casebasis. The policy also does not define "newsgathering activities," which determination affects whetherthe Attorney General, as opposed to the United States Attorney or the Assistant Attorney Generalresponsible for the matter, must authorize the use of a particular law enforcement tool. See 28 C.F.R.50.10(c)(3)(ii) and (d)(4).

When there is a question regarding whether an individual or entity is a member of the newsmedia, members of the Department must consult with the PSEU before employing the use of acovered law enforcement tool. Members of the Department must also consult with the PSEU


mailto:[email protected]



regarding whether the conduct at issue of the affected member of the news media constitutesor relates to "newsgathering activities."

2. In determining whether to seek information from, or records of, members of the news media, theapproach in every instance must be to strike the proper balance between several vital interests:protecting national security, ensuring public safety, promoting effective law enforcement and the fairadministration of justice, and safeguarding the essential role of the free press in fostering governmentaccountability and an open society. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a)(2).

3. The Department views the use of certain law enforcement tools, including subpoenas, court ordersissued pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2703(d) or 3123, and search warrants to seek information from, orrecords of, non‐consenting members of the news media as extraordinary measures, not standardinvestigatory practices. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a)(3).

4. When the Attorney General has authorized the use of a subpoena, court order issued pursuant to 18U.S.C. 2703(d) or 3123, or warrant to obtain from a third party the communications records orbusiness records of a member of the news media, the affected member of the news media shall begiven reasonable and timely notice of the Attorney General’s determination before the use of thesubpoena, court order, or warrant, unless the Attorney General determines that, for compellingreasons, such notice would pose a clear and substantial threat to the integrity of the investigation, riskgrave harm to national security, or present an imminent risk of death or serious bodily harm. 28 C.F.R.50.10(a)(4); see also 28 C.F.R. 50.10(e).

B. Scope.

1. Covered Individuals and Entitiesi. The policy governs the use of certain law enforcement tools to obtain information from, or

records of, members of the news media; and the questioning, arresting, or charging ofmembers of the news media.

ii. The protections of the policy do not extend to any individual or entity where there arereasonable grounds to believe that the individual or entity is a foreign power or an agent of aforeign power; a member or an affiliate of a foreign terrorist organization; designated aspecially designated global terrorist; a specially designated terrorist; a terrorist organization;committing or attempting to commit a crime of terrorism; committing or attempting to committhe crime of providing material support or resources to a terrorist organization; or aiding,abetting, or conspiring in illegal activity with such individuals or entities. 28 C.F.R.50.10(b)(1)(ii).

Members of the Department must consult with the PSEU regarding whether anindividual or entity is not covered by, and therefore not entitled to the protections of, thepolicy, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(b)(1)(ii). The Criminal Division will consult with theNational Security Division, as appropriate.

2. Covered Law Enforcement Tools and Records

i. The policy governs the use by law enforcement authorities of subpoenas to obtain informationfrom members of the news media, including documents, testimony, and other materials; andthe use by law enforcement authorities of subpoenas, or court orders issued pursuant to 18




U.S.C. 2703(d) (2703(d) order) or 18 U.S.C. 3123 (3123 order), to obtain from third parties"communications records" or "business records" of members of the news media, as thoseterms are defined in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(b)(3). 28 C.F.R. 50.10(b). Members of the Departmentshall consult with the PSEU regarding whether particular records sought constitutecommunications records or business records as defined by this policy.

ii. The policy governs applications for warrants to search the premises or property of members ofthe news media, pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 41; or to obtain from third‐party "communication service providers" the communications records or business records ofmembers of the news media, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 2703(a) and (b). Id.

iii. The policy governs questioning members of the news media about, arresting members of thenews media for, or charging members of the news media with criminal conduct they aresuspected of having committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities.

3. Subpoenas or Court Orders Issued or Obtained by Other Executive Branch Departments or Agencies.Although not expressly addressed in 28 C.F.R. 50.10, members of the Department must consult withthe Criminal Division before taking steps to enforce subpoenas issued to member of the news media,or to compel compliance with subpoenas or court orders issued to third parties for communicationsrecords or business records of member of the news media, which subpoenas were issued or courtorders obtained in the first instance by other Executive Branch departments or agencies. To satisfy theconsultation requirement, members of the Department shall submit to the PSEU a memorandumdescribing the factual and legal background of the matter. Members of the Department may notproceed with any efforts to enforce or compel compliance with any subpoenas or court orders until theCriminal Division has responded in writing to the request for consultation.

C. Issuing Subpoenas to Members of the News Media, or Using Subpoenas or Court Orders IssuedPursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2703 or 3123 to Obtain From Third Parties Communications Records orBusiness Records of Members of the News Media.

1. Except as set forth in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3), members of the Department must obtain the authorizationof the Attorney General to issue a subpoena to a member of the news media; or to use a subpoena,2703(d) order, or 3123 order to obtain from a third party communications records or business recordsof a member of the news media. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(1).

2. Requests for the authorization of the Attorney General for the issuance of a subpoena to a member ofthe news media; or to use a subpoena, 2703(d) order, or 3123 order to obtain communicationsrecords or business records of a member of the news media, must be personally endorsed by theUnited States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(2).

3. Exceptions to the Attorney General Authorization Requirement

i. Consent of Member of the News Media. The United States Attorney or Assistant AttorneyGeneral responsible for the matter may authorize the issuance of a subpoena to a member ofthe news media, if the member of the news media expressly agrees to provide the requestedinformation in response to a subpoena. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(i). In such circumstances, theUnited States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for a matter shall provide




notice to the Director of the Criminal Division’s Office of Enforcement Operations within 10business days of the authorization of the issuance of the subpoena. Id.

ii. Information Sought Not Related to Newsgathering Activities

a. The United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the mattermay authorize the issuance of a subpoena to a member of the news media for purelycommercial, financial, administrative, technical, or other information unrelated tonewsgathering activities; or for information or records relating to personnel not involvedin newsgathering activities. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(ii)(A). Before issuing a subpoena toa member of the news media pursuant to this provision, members of theDepartment must consult with the PSEU.

b. The United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the mattermay authorize the issuance of a subpoena to a member of the news media forinformation related to public comments, messages, or postings by readers, viewers,customers, or subscribers, over which the member of the news media does not exerciseeditorial control prior to publication. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(ii)(B). Before issuing asubpoena to a member of the news media pursuant to this provision, members ofthe Department must consult with the PSEU.

c. The United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the mattermay authorize the use of subpoenas to obtain information from, or the use ofsubpoenas, 2703(d) orders, or 3123 orders to obtain communications records orbusiness records of, members of the news media who may be perpetrators or victims of,or witnesses to, crimes or other events, when such status (as a perpetrator, victim, orwitness) is not based on, or within the scope of, newsgathering activities. 28C.F.R.50.10(c)(3)(ii)(C). Before issuing a subpoena or applying for a court orderpursuant to this provision, members of the Department must consult with thePSEU.

d. Criminal Division Consultation and Notice. In the circumstances identified in 28C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(ii), the United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney Generalresponsible for the matter must consult with the Criminal Division regarding appropriatereview and safeguarding protocols; and provide a copy of the subpoena or court orderto the Director of the Office of Public Affairs and to the Director of the Criminal Division’sOffice of Enforcement Operations within 10 business days of the authorization. 28C.F.R.50.10(c)(3)(iii).

4. In seeking the authorization of the Attorney General to issue a subpoena to a member of the newsmedia, members of the Department shall address the considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4).

i. Member of the news media as subject or target. In matters in which a member of theDepartment determines that a member of the news media is a subject or target of aninvestigation relating to an offense committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgatheringactivities, the member of the Department requesting Attorney General authorization to issue a




subpoena to a member of the news media shall provide all facts necessary to a determinationby the Attorney General regarding both whether the member of the news media is a subject ortarget of the investigation and whether to authorize the issuance of such subpoena. 28 C.F.R.50.10(c)(4)(i). If the Attorney General determines that the member of the news media is asubject or target of an investigation relating to an offense committed in the course of, or arisingout of, newsgathering activities, the Attorney General’s determination should take into accountthe principles reflected in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a), but need not take into account the considerationsidentified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4)(ii) – (viii). Id. Members of the Department must consultwith the PSEU regarding whether a member of the news media is a subject or target ofan investigation related to an offense committed in the course of, or arising out of,newsgathering activities.

ii. Director of National Intelligence Certification. In investigations or prosecutions ofunauthorized disclosures of national defense information or classified information, the memberof the Department requesting Attorney General authorization to issue a subpoena to a memberof the news media shall obtain from the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) a documentcertifying (1) the significance of the harm raised by the unauthorized disclosure, (2) that theinformation disclosed was properly classified, and (3) re‐affirmance of the intelligencecommunity’s support for the investigation or prosecution. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4)(vi). Becausesecuring the necessary certification from the DNI may take considerable time, membersof the Department are encouraged to initiate the process at least 30 days in advance ofseeking the Attorney General’s authorization, and must coordinate with the NationalSecurity Division in seeking the DNI certification.

5. In seeking the authorization of the Attorney General to use a subpoena, 2703(d) order, or 3123 orderto obtain from a third party the communications records or business records of a member of the newsmedia, members of the Department shall address the considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5).

i. Member of the news media as subject or target. In matters in which a member of theDepartment determines that a member of the news media is a subject or target of aninvestigation relating to an offense committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgatheringactivities, the member of the Department requesting Attorney General authorization to use asubpoena, 2703(d) order, or 3123 order to obtain from a third party the communicationsrecords or business records of a member of the news media shall provide all facts necessary toa determination by the Attorney General regarding both whether the member of the newsmedia is a subject or target of the investigation and whether to authorize the use of suchsubpoena or court order. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5)(i). If the Attorney General determines that themember of the news media is a subject or target of an investigation relating to an offensecommitted in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities, the Attorney General’sdetermination should take into account the principles reflected in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a), but neednot take into account the considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5)(ii) – (viii). Id.Members of the Department must consult with the PSEU regarding whether a member ofthe news media is a subject or target of an investigation related to an offense committedin the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities.

ii. Director of National Intelligence Certification. In investigations or prosecutions of




unauthorized disclosures of national defense information or classified information, the memberof the Department requesting Attorney General authorization to use a subpoena, 2703(d) order,or 3123 order to obtain from a third party the communications records or business records of amember of the news media shall obtain from the Director of National Intelligence a documentcertifying (1) the significance of the harm raised by the unauthorized disclosure, (2) that theinformation disclosed was properly classified, and (3) re‐affirmance of the intelligencecommunity’s support for the investigation or prosecution. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5)(v). Becausesecuring the necessary certification from the DNI may take considerable time, membersof the Department are encouraged to initiate the process at least 30 days in advance ofseeking the Attorney General’s authorization, and must coordinate with the NationalSecurity Division in seeking the DNI certification.

6. Consultation with Criminal Division before Moving to Compel.

i. When the Attorney General has authorized the issuance of a subpoena to a member of thenews media; or the use of a subpoena, 2703(d) order, or 3123 order to obtain from a third partycommunications records or business records of a member of the news media, members of theDepartment shall consult with the Criminal Division before moving to compel compliance withany such subpoena or court order. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(6). To satisfy the consultationrequirement, members of the Department shall submit to the PSEU a memorandum (2)describing the facts, including communications with the affected member of the news mediaand other events, that transpired since the Attorney General’s authorization; and (2) explainingwhy compulsion is necessary.

ii. Although not expressly addressed in 28 C.F.R. 50.10, members of the Department mustconsult with the Criminal Division before taking steps to enforce subpoenas issued to memberof the news media, or to compel compliance with subpoenas or court orders issued to thirdparties for communications records or business records of member of the news media, whichsubpoenas were issued or court orders obtained in the first instance by other Executive Branchdepartments or agencies. To satisfy the consultation requirement, members of the Departmentshall submit to the PSEU a memorandum describing the factual and legal background of thematter. Members of the Department may not proceed with any efforts to enforce or compelcompliance with any subpoenas or court orders until the Criminal Division has responded inwriting to the request for consultation.

7. Non‐Disclosure Orders Directed to News Media Entities or Third‐Party Communication ServiceProviders

i. In seeking authorization of the Attorney General, pursuant to 28 C.F.R.50.10(c), or a DeputyAssistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(g), to issue asubpoena to a news media entity; or to use of a subpoena, 2703(d) order, or 3123 order toobtain from a third party communications records or business records of a member of the newsmedia, members of the Department must indicate whether they intend to seek an orderdirecting the recipient of the subpoena or court order, if authorized, not to disclose theexistence of the subpoena or court order to any other person or entity, and shall articulate theneed for such non‐disclosure order. Any authorization must expressly indicate whether a non‐disclosure order may be sought.




ii. Consultation with Criminal Division before Seeking Non‐Disclosure Orders Directed to

News Media Entity when US Attorney or Assistant Attorney General Authorizes Issuanceof Subpoena. If an Assistant Attorney General or a United States Attorney authorizes theissuance of a subpoena to a news media entity pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3), beforeseeking an order directing the recipient of the subpoena not to disclose the existence of thesubpoena to any other person or entity, the responsible Assistant Attorney General or UnitedStates Attorney must consult with the Criminal Division regarding the need for such order, andmay not seek the non‐disclosure order until or unless expressly authorized to do so in writingby the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, the Assistant Attorney General for theCriminal Division, or a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division.

8. Notice to Criminal Division of Factual or Legal Developments. When the Attorney General, anAssistant Attorney General, or a United States Attorney has authorized the use of a covered lawenforcement tool to obtain information from, or records of, a member of the news media, members ofthe Department who requested and obtained such authorization shall immediately apprise theCriminal Division of any subsequent changes to or developments in the facts or circumstancesrelevant to the decision making process (e.g., considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4), (c)(5),(d)(3), or (f)). When such disclosure of changed facts or circumstances is made, the member of theDepartment may not issue the subpoena or move to compel compliance with the same unlessexpressly authorized to do so in writing by the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, theAssistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, or a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for theCriminal Division.

D. Applying for Warrants to Search the Premises, Property, Communications Records, or BusinessRecords of Members of the News Media. 1

1. Except as set forth in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(4), members of the Department must obtain the authorizationof the Attorney General to apply for a warrant to search the premises, property, communicationsrecords, or business records of a member of the news media. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(1).

2. All requests for the authorization of the Attorney General to apply for a warrant to search thepremises, property, communications records, or business records of a member of the news mediamust personally be endorsed by the United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsiblefor the matter. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(2).

3. In seeking the authorization of the Attorney General to apply for a warrant to search the premises,property, communications records, or business records of a member of the news media, members ofthe Department should address both the requirements of the Privacy Protection Act (PPA), 42 U.S.C.2000aa – 2000aa‐ 7, and the considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5). 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(3).

i. Member of the news media as subject or target. In matters in which a member of theDepartment determines that a member of the news media is a subject or target of aninvestigation relating to an offense committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgatheringactivities, the member of the Department requesting Attorney General authorization to apply fora warrant to search the premises, property, communications records, or business records of amember of the news media shall provide all facts necessary to a determination by the Attorney




General regarding both whether the member of the news media is a subject or target of theinvestigation and whether to authorize the application for the warrant. See 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5)(i). If the Attorney General determines that the member of the news media is a subject ortarget of an investigation relating to an offense committed in the course of, or arising out of,newsgathering activities, the Attorney General’s determination should take into account boththe requirements of the PPA and the principles reflected in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a), but need nottake into account the considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5)(ii) – (viii). Id. Membersof the Department must consult with the PSEU regarding whether a member of the newsmedia is a subject or target of an investigation related to an offense committed in thecourse of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities.

ii. Director of National Intelligence Certification. In investigations or prosecutions ofunauthorized disclosures of national defense information or classified information, the memberof the Department requesting Attorney General authorization to apply for a warrant to searchthe premises, property, communications records, or business records of a member of the newsmedia shall obtain from the Director of National Intelligence a document certifying (1) thesignificance of the harm raised by the unauthorized disclosure, (2) that the informationdisclosed was properly classified, and (3) re‐affirmance of the intelligence community’s supportfor the investigation or prosecution. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(5)(v). Because securing thenecessary certification from the DNI may take considerable time, members of theDepartment are encouraged to initiate the process at least 30 days in advance ofseeking the Attorney General’s authorization, and must coordinate with the NationalSecurity Division in seeking the DNI certification.

4. Members of the Department may be authorized to apply for a warrant to obtain work product or otherdocumentary materials of a member of the news media pursuant to the "suspect exception" of thePrivacy Protection Act (PPA), 42 U.S.C. 2000aa(a)(1), (b)(1), when the member of the news media isa subject or target of a criminal investigation for conduct not based on, or within the scope of,newsgathering activities. In such instances, members of the Department must secure authorizationfrom a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division to apply for the warrant. 28 C.F.R.50.10(d)(4). For example, if a member of the news media is the subject or target of a criminalinvestigation concerning the production or distribution of child pornography or an investigationconcerning extortion, and the conduct is not based on, or within the scope of, such individual’snewsgathering activities, an application for a warrant to search the individual’s premises, property,communications records, or business records must be approved by a Deputy Assistant AttorneyGeneral for the Criminal Division.

Members of the Department must consult with the PSEU regarding whether the conduct atissue is based on, or within the scope of, newsgathering activities.

5. Members of the Department should not be authorized to apply for a warrant to obtain work productmaterials or other documentary materials of a member of the news media under the PPA suspectexception, see 42 U.S.C. 2000aa(a)(1) and (b)(1), if the sole purpose is to further the investigation ofa person other than the member of the news media. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(5).

6. Searches of Non‐Media Premises, Property, Communications Records, or Business Records.2 A Deputy Assistant Attorney General (DAAG) for the Criminal Division may authorize an application




for a warrant to search the premises, property, or communications records of an individual other thana member of the news media, e.g., an academic, but who is reasonably believed to have "a purposeto disseminate to the public a newspaper, book, broadcast, or other similar form of publiccommunication." 42 U.S.C. 2000aa(a), (b). See 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(6).

i. If the request involves the contemplated search of electronic or digital records, members of theDepartment shall submit a request to the Criminal Division’s Computer Crime and IntellectualProperty Section (CCIPS).

ii. If the request involves only the contemplated search of physical premises, property, or records,members of the Department shall submit a request to the PSEU.

iii. The Criminal Division DAAG will determine (1) whether the individual or entity whose premises,property, or records may be searched is protected by the PPA; and, if so, (2) whether theinformation sought constitutes "work product materials" or "other documents" as defined by thePPA; and, if so, (3) whether the PPA’s suspect exception or another exception to the generalprohibition on the search and seizure of such materials is applicable.

7. In executing a warrant authorized by the Attorney General or by a Deputy Assistant Attorney Generalfor the Criminal Division, investigators should use protocols designed to minimize intrusion intopotentially protected materials or newsgathering activities unrelated to the investigation, including butnot limited to keyword searches (for electronic searches) and filter teams. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(7).Members of the Department should include proposed search and review protocols in their requests forauthorization.

E. Notice to Affected Member of the News Media.

1. In matters in which the Attorney General has both determined that a member of the news media is asubject or target of an investigation relating to an offense committed in the course of, or arising out of,newsgathering activities, and authorized the use of a subpoena, court order, or warrant to obtain froma third party the communications records or business records of a members of the news mediapursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4)(i), (c)(5)(i), or (d)(1), members of the Department are not required toprovide notice of the Attorney General’s authorization to the member of the news media. See 28C.F.R. 50.10(e)(1)(i). The Attorney General may, nevertheless, direct that notice be provided. If theAttorney General does not direct that notice be provided, the United States Attorney or AssistantAttorney General responsible for the matter shall provide to the Attorney General within 90 days of theauthorization (and every 90 days thereafter) an update regarding the status of the investigation, whichupdate shall include an assessment of any harm that would be caused to the investigation if noticewere provided to the affected member of the news media. The Attorney General shall consider suchupdates in determining whether to direct that notice provided.

2. Except as provided in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(e)(1), when the Attorney General has authorized the use of asubpoena, court order, or warrant to obtain from a third party communications records or businessrecords of a member of the news media, the affected member of the news media shall be givenreasonable and timely notice of the Attorney General’s determination before the use of the subpoena,court order, or warrant, unless the Attorney General determines that, for compelling reasons, suchnotice would pose a clear and substantial threat to the integrity of the investigation, risk grave harm to




national security, or present an imminent risk of death or serious bodily harm. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(e)(2).The mere possibility that notice to the affected member of the news media, and potential judicialreview, might delay the investigation is not, on its own, a compelling reason to delay notice. Id.

3. When the Attorney General has authorized the use of a subpoena, court order, or warrant to obtain

communications records or business records of a member of the news media, and the affectedmember of the news media has not been given notice, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(e)(2), of theAttorney General’s determination before the use of the subpoena, court order, or warrant, the UnitedStates Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter shall provide to the affectedmember of the news media notice of the subpoena, court order, or warrant as soon as it is determinedthat such notice will no longer pose a clear and substantial threat to the integrity of the investigation,risk grave harm to national security, or present an imminent risk of death or serious bodily harm. 28C.F.R. 50.10(e)(3). In any event, such notice shall occur within 45 days of the government’s receipt ofany return made pursuant to the subpoena, court order, or warrant, except that the Attorney Generalmay authorize delay of notice for an additional 45 days if he or she determines that for compellingreasons, such notice would pose a clear and substantial threat to the integrity of the investigation, riskgrave harm to national security, or present an imminent risk of death or serious bodily harm. Id. Nofurther delays may be sought beyond the 90‐day period. Id.

4. The United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter shall provide to

the Director of the Office of Public Affairs and to the Director of the Criminal Division’s Office ofEnforcement Operations a copy of any notice to be provided to the affected member of the newsmedia at least 10 business days before such notice is provided, and immediately after such notice is,in fact, provided to the affected member of the news media. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(e)(4).

F. Questioning, Arresting, or Charging Members of the News Media.

1. No member of the Department shall subject a member of the news media to questioning as to anyoffense which he or she is suspected of having committed in the course of, or arising out of,newsgathering activities without first providing notice to the Director of the Office of Public Affairs andobtaining the express authorization of the Attorney General. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(f)(1).

i. The government need not view the member of the news media as a subject or target of aninvestigation, or have the intent to prosecute the member of the news media, to trigger therequirement that the Attorney General must authorize such questioning. Id. Beforequestioning a member of the news media, members of the Department must consultwith the PSEU whenever the proposed questioning may relate to an offense the memberof the news media "is suspected of having committed in the course of, or arising out of,newsgathering activities" even if the government does not view the member of the newsmedia as a subject or target of an investigation, or have the intent to prosecute themember of the news media.

ii. If law enforcement authorities intend to question the member of the news media about criminalconduct he or she is suspected of having committed in the course of, or arising out of,newsgathering activities, the Attorney General must authorize any such questioning.




Conversely, if, at the time the request is made, law enforcement authorities do not intend toquestion the member of the news media about criminal conduct he or she is suspected ofhaving committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities, the AttorneyGeneral need not authorize such questioning. Before questioning a member of the newsmedia, members of the Department must consult with the PSEU whenever the proposedquestioning may relate to an offense the member of the news media "is suspected ofhaving committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities."

iii. This requirement is not intended to inhibit the ability of law enforcement authorities to questionor interview members of the news media on a voluntary basis when such questioning does notconcern criminal conduct the member of the news media is suspected of having committed inthe course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities. For example, members of theDepartment do not need authorization, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10, to contact a member of thenews media for the purpose of alerting such person to their status as a victim of or witness to acrime, or to question on a voluntary basis such person about their status as a victim of orwitness to a crime – even if such status as a victim or witness is related to newsgatheringactivities. Before questioning or interviewing a member of the news media in connectionwith their status as a victim of or witness to a crime, members of the Department mustconsult with the PSEU to confirm such status.

2. No member of the Department shall seek a warrant for an arrest, or conduct an arrest, of a member ofthe news media for any offense which he or she is suspected of having committed in the course of, orarising out of, newsgathering activities without first providing notice to the Director of the Office ofPublic Affairs and obtaining the express authorization of the Attorney General. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(f)(2).Before seeking an arrest warrant for, or arresting, a member of the news media, members ofthe Department must consult with the PSEU regarding whether the member of the news mediaengaged in the conduct at issue "in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities."

3. No member of the Department shall present information to a grand jury seeking a bill of indictment, orfile an information, against a member of the news media for any offense which he or she is suspectedof having committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities without first providingnotice to the Director of the Office of Public Affairs and obtaining the express authorization of theAttorney General. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(f)(3). Before charging a member of the news media, membersof the Department must consult with the PSEU regarding whether the member of the newsmedia engaged in the conduct at issue "in the course of, or arising out of, newsgatheringactivities."

4. In requesting the Attorney General's authorization to question, to seek an arrest warrant for, or toarrest, or to present information to a grand jury seeking an indictment or to file an information against,a member of the news media as provided in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(f)(1) – (f)(3), a member of theDepartment shall provide all facts necessary for a determination by the Attorney General. 28 C.F.R.50.10(f)(4). To do so, the member of the Department should submit to the PSEU a memorandumdescribing the offense under investigation, the status of the investigation, and the role of the memberof the news media in the conduct at issue and the relationship to such person’s newsgatheringactivities; and a discussion of the rationale for the proposed questioning, arrest, or charging of themember of the news media in light of the purposes of the policy as set forth in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(a).




G. Exigent Circumstances.

1. A Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division may authorize the use of a subpoena orcourt order, as described in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c), or the questioning, arrest, or charging of a member ofthe news media, as described in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(f), if he or she determines that the exigent use ofsuch law enforcement tool is necessary to prevent or mitigate an act of terrorism; other acts that arereasonably likely to cause significant and articulable harm to national security; death; kidnapping;substantial bodily harm; conduct that constitutes a specified offense against a minor (for example, asthose terms are defined in section 111 of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006, 42U.S.C. 16911), or an attempt or conspiracy to commit such a criminal offense; or incapacitation ordestruction of critical infrastructure (for example, as defined in section 1016(e) of the USA PATRIOTAct, 42 U.S.C. 5195c(e)). 28 C.F.R. 50.10(g)(1)(i). A Deputy Assistant Attorney General for theCriminal Division may authorize an application for a warrant, as described in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d), ifthere is reason to believe that the immediate seizure of the materials at issue is necessary to preventthe death of, or serious bodily injury to, a human being, as provided in 42 U.S.C. 2000aa(a)(2) and (b)(2). 28 C.F.R. 50.10(g)(1)(ii).

2. Within 10 business days of the approval by a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the CriminalDivision of a request for the exigent use of a particular law enforcement tool pursuant to 28 C.F.R.50.10(g)(1), the United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter shallprovide to the Attorney General, to the Director of the Office of Public Affairs, and to the Director of theCriminal Division’s Office of Enforcement Operations a statement containing the information thatwould have been provided in a request for prior authorization. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(g)(2).

H. Safeguarding

1. Any information obtained pursuant to a subpoena, court order, or warrant pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10shall be closely held so as to prevent disclosure of the information to unauthorized persons or forimproper purposes. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(h). Specifically,

i. Access to information or records obtained from members of the news media or from thirdparties pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10 shall be limited to personnel who are working on theinvestigation or related judicial or administrative proceedings and who have a direct need toknow.

ii. Information or records obtained from members of the news media or from third parties pursuantto 28 C.F.R. 50.10 shall be used solely in connection with the investigation in which it wasobtained, or related judicial or administrative proceedings; or for other purposes with the writtenconsent of the affected member of the news media.

iii. Information or records obtained from members of the news media or from third parties pursuantto 28 C.F.R. 50.10 may not be shared with any other organization or individual inside or outsideof the federal government, except as part of the investigation or as required in the course ofjudicial proceedings.

iv. At the conclusion of all proceedings related to or arising from the investigation, other thaninformation or records disclosed in the course of judicial proceedings, or as required by law, the




Department shall retain only one copy of any records obtained from members of the newsmedia or from third parties pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10, which copy shall be maintained in asecure and segregated repository.

2. If the Attorney General or Deputy Attorney General finds that specific, identifiable records orinformation constitute evidence of a separate past or imminent crime involving (i) death; (ii)kidnapping; (iii) substantial bodily harm; (iv) conduct that constitutes a criminal offense that is aspecified offense against a minor, as defined by 42 U.S.C. § 16911(7); or (v) incapacitation ordestruction of critical infrastructure, as defined by 42 U.S.C. § 5195c(e), the Attorney General orDeputy Attorney General may authorize broader use of the information.

I. Failure to Comply with Policy. Failure to obtain the prior approval of the Attorney General, as required by28 C.F.R. 50.10, may constitute grounds for an administrative reprimand or other appropriate disciplinaryaction. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(i).

J. General Provision. The policy is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive orprocedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies,or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(j).

K. Review and Approval Process

1. Issuing Subpoenas to Members of the News Media, or Using Subpoenas or Court OrdersIssued Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2703 or 3123 to Obtain From Third Parties CommunicationsRecords or Business Records of Members of the News Media. The Criminal Division shall reviewand evaluate all requests for the authorization of the Attorney General to issue subpoenas tomembers of the news media, or to use subpoenas or court orders issued pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2703or 3123 to obtain from third parties communications records or business records of a member of thenews media, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c). Such requests should be submitted to the PSEU at least30 business days before the anticipated use of the law enforcement tool, and shall address allapplicable considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4) and (c)(5).

2. Applying for Warrants to Search the Premises, Property, Communications Records, orBusiness Records of Members of the News Media. The Criminal Division shall review and evaluateall requests for authorization to apply for warrants to search the premises, property, communicationsrecords, or business records of members of the news media (or a person or entity that has "a purposeto disseminate to the public a newspaper, book, broadcast, or other similar form of publiccommunication.”). See 42 U.S.C. § 2000aa(a) and (b); 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d); and JM 9-19.240. Suchrequests shall be submitted to the PSEU at least 30 business days before the anticipated applicationfor a warrant,and shall address all applicable considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d) and JM 9‐19.240.

3. Questioning, Charging, or arresting Members of the News Media. The Criminal Division shallreview and evaluate all requests for the authorization of the Attorney General to question, arrest, orcharge a member of the news media. Such requests should be submitted to the PSEU at least 30business days before the anticipated questioning, charging, or arrest, and shall address all applicableconsiderations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(f).




4. Review by the Director of the Office of Public Affairs. Unless a Deputy Assistant Attorney Generalfor the Criminal Division has authorized the exigent use of a covered law enforcement tool pursuant to28 C.F.R. 50.10(g), or unless directed otherwise by the Attorney General, the Assistant AttorneyGeneral for the Criminal Division shall forward to the Director of the Office of Public Affairs for reviewand comment the Criminal Division’s recommendation regarding any requests requiring a decision bythe Attorney General.

5. News Media Review Committee. In February 2014, the Department created the News Media ReviewCommittee to assist in balancing the investigative imperatives with the protection of the public’sinterest in the freedom of the press. See Memorandum from Attorney General to All DepartmentEmployees (Feb. 21, 2014); Memorandum from Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole to Heads ofDepartment Components (Feb. 28, 2014). The News Media Review Committee is comprised of theDepartment’s Chief Privacy and Civil Liberties Officer, the Director of the Office of Public Affairs, andAssociate Deputy Attorney General, and two senior career Assistant United States Attorneys withrelevant expertise and experience but no involvement (supervisory or otherwise) in the matter underconsideration.

i. Unless a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division has authorized theexigent use of a covered law enforcement tool pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(g), or unlessdirected otherwise by the Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney General, the AssistantAttorney General for the Criminal Division shall, in the following circumstances, forward to theNews Media Review Committee for its review and comment the Criminal Division’srecommendation:

a. If the request relates to the investigation of unauthorized disclosure of sensitive lawenforcement or national defense information;

b. If Department attorneys request authorization to seek communications records orbusiness records of a member of the news media without first negotiating with, orproviding notice to, the affected member of the news media;

c. If Department attorneys request authorization to seek information from, or records of, amember of the news media that would reveal the identity of a confidential source; or

d. At the request of the Attorney General or Deputy Attorney General.

ii. After reviewing the relevant materials, and consulting with Department personnel, asnecessary, the News Media Review Committee will communicate its recommendation in writingto the Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General.

6. Notice to Criminal Division of Factual or Legal Developments. When the Attorney General, anAssistant Attorney General, or a United States Attorney has authorized the use of a covered lawenforcement tool to obtain information from, or records of, a member of the news media, members ofthe Department who requested and obtained such authorization shall immediately apprise theCriminal Division of any subsequent changes to or developments in the facts or circumstancesrelevant to the decision making process (e.g., considerations identified in 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(4), (c)(5),(d)(3), or (f)). When such disclosure of changed facts or circumstances is made, the member of the




Department may not issue the subpoena or move to compel compliance with the same unlessexpressly authorized to do so in writing by the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, theAssistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, or a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for theCriminal Division.

L. Reporting Requirements

1. When a United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General has authorized the issuance of asubpoena to a member of the news media when the member of the news media expressly agrees toprovide the requested information in response to a subpoena, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(i); orhas authorized the issuance of a subpoena to a member of the news media, or the use of a subpoenaor court order to obtain from a third party the communications records or business records of amember of the news media, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(ii), the United States Attorney orAssistant Attorney General shall provide written notice to the Director of Office of Public Affairs andthe Director of the Criminal Division’s Office of Enforcement Operations within 10 business days of theauthorization of the issuance of the subpoena.

2. When the Attorney General has authorized the use of a subpoena, court order, or warrant to obtainfrom a third party the communications records or business records of a member of the news media,the United States Attorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter shall provide tothe Director of the Office of Public Affairs and to the Director of the Criminal Division’s Office ofEnforcement Operations a copy of any notice to be provided to the affected member of the newsmedia at least 10 business days before such notice is provided, and immediately after such notice is,in fact, provided to the affected member of the news media.

3. Within 10 business days of a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division authorizingthe exigent use of a particular law enforcement tool, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(g), the United StatesAttorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter shall submit to the Attorney General,to the Director of the Office of Public Affairs, and to the Director of the Criminal Division’s Office ofEnforcement Operations a statement containing the information that would have been provided inrequesting prior authorization.

4. All Department Divisions and United States Attorneys’ Offices shall report to the Director of the Officeof Public Affairs and to the Director of the Criminal Division’s Office of Enforcement Operations byJanuary 31 of each year whether a subpoena, § 2703(d) order, § 3123 order, or warrant, authorizedby the Attorney General, or by a Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, duringthe preceding calendar year was issued, served, or executed, and whether the affected member ofthe news media or third‐party recipient of the subpoena, court order, or warrant complied with orchallenged the same, and the outcome of any such challenge. This information will be used to preparea public annual report regarding the Department’s use of these law enforcement tools.

M. Mandatory Consultations.

1. To ensure the consistent interpretation and application of the policy, members of the Department mustconsult with the Criminal Division in the following circumstances, or regarding the followingdeterminations:




i. When there is a question regarding whether an individual or entity is a member of the newsmedia.

ii. Whether an individual or entity is not covered by, and therefore not entitled to the protectionsof, the policy, pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(b)(1)(ii), which expressly provides that theprotections of the policy do not extend to any individual or entity in certain circumstances(e.g., where there are reasonable grounds to believe that the individual or entity is a foreignpower or agent of a foreign power).

iii. Whether the conduct at issue of the affected member of the news media constitutes or relatesto "newsgathering activities."

iv. Whether the records sought constitute "communications records" or "business records." See28 C.F.R. 50.10(b)(3).

v. Whether a proposed subpoena or court order falls within one of the exceptions to the AttorneyGeneral authorization requirement and, therefore, may be authorized by the United StatesAttorney or Assistant Attorney General responsible for the matter. See 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3)(ii).

vi. Whether a member of the news media is a subject or target of an investigation relating to anoffense committed in the course of, or arising out of, newsgathering activities. See 28 C.F.R.50.10(c)(4)(i), (c)(5)(i), (d)(3), and (e).

vii. Whether proposed questioning of a member of the news media may relate to criminal conductthe member of the news media is suspected of having committed an offense in the course of,or arising out of, newsgathering activities. See 28 C.F.R. 50.101(f).

viii. Before moving to compel compliance with a subpoena, 2703(d) order, or 3123 order authorizedby the Attorney General. 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(6).

ix. Although not expressly addressed in 28 C.F.R. 50.10, members of the Department mustconsult with the Criminal Division before taking steps to enforce subpoenas issued to memberof the news media, or to compel compliance with subpoenas or court orders issued to thirdparties for communications records or business records of member of the news media, whichsubpoenas were issued or court orders obtained in the first instance by other Executive Branchdepartments or agencies.

x. Before seeking an order directing a news media entity‐recipient of a subpoena authorized byan Assistant Attorney General or a United States Attorney pursuant to 28 C.F.R. 50.10(c)(3) notto disclose the existence of the subpoena to any other person or entity.

2. To satisfy the consultation requirement, members of the Department must submit to the PSEU amemorandum describing the relevant facts and addressing the relevant considerations. Members ofthe Department may not employ the use of the law enforcement tool at issue until the CriminalDivision has responded in writing.

N. Questions. Any questions regarding the use of subpoenas, court orders issued pursuant to 18 U.S.C.




2703(d) or 3123, or search warrants to obtain information from, or records of, members of the news media; orregarding questioning, arresting, or charging members of the news media should be directed to the PSEU [email protected] (link sends e-mail) or (202) 305‐4023.

Footnotes

___________________________

1. In Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, 436 U.S. 547 (1978), the Supreme Court held that a search of the offices of theStanford newspaper for photographs that might help a police investigation of violent protests, which the paper hadcovered, did not violate either the Fourth or the First Amendments. In response, in 1980, Congress enacted thePrivacy Protection Act (PPA), 42 U.S.C. 2000aa – 2000aa‐7, to provide "the press and certain other persons notsuspected of committing a crime with protections not provided currently by the Fourth Amendment." S. Rep. No. 96‐874, at 4 (1980), reprinted in 1980 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3950. The statute was intended "to limit searches for materials heldby persons involved in First Amendment activities who are themselves not suspected of participation in the criminalactivity for which the materials are sought, and not to limit the ability of law enforcement officers to search for andseize materials held by those suspected of committing the crime under investigation." Id. at 11. The protections ofthe PPA apply not only to members of the news media, but also to a broader class of persons reasonably believedto have a purpose to disseminate information to the public. For additional guidance, see Searching & SeizingComputers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations, Computer Crime and Intellectual PropertySection (CCIPS), Criminal Division, pp. 101‐109.

2. The PPA generally prohibits the search or seizure of “work product materials” or “other documents” possessed bya person, or entity in connection with, “a purpose to disseminate to the public a newspaper, book, broadcast, orother similar form of public communication.” Because such materials or documents may be found in the premises,property, communications records, or business records of an individual or entity protected by the PPA, any search ofthose places may implicate the PPA. Therefore, members of the Department must obtain authorization from aDeputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division to apply for a warrant to search the premises, property,or communications records of an individual other than a member of the news media and who is reasonably believedto have a purpose to disseminate to the public a form of public communication. See 28 C.F.R. 50.10(d)(6).

[updated January 2020] [cited in JM 9-11.140; JM 9-11.255]

9-13.410 - Guidelines for Issuing Subpoenas to Attorneys for Information Relating to theRepresentation of Clients

A. Authorization of the Criminal Division. Because of the potential effects upon an attorney-client relationshipthat may result from the issuance of a subpoena to an attorney for information relating to the attorney’srepresentation of a client, the Department exercises close control over such subpoenas. Such subpoenas(for both criminal and civil matters) must first be authorized by the Assistant Attorney General or a DeputyAssistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division before they may issue, unless the circumstances warrantapplication of one of the exceptions set forth in subsection D below. However, any subpoena to be issuedto an attorney in a civil or criminal matter arising principally under the internal revenue laws must besubmitted to the Tax Division for authorization pursuant to Tax Division policies and procedures. Ininstances requiring Department approval in which the matter arises under both the internal revenue and non-tax laws, the submission must be made to the Criminal Division for authorization, which will consult with the


mailto:[email protected]

https://www.justice.gov/jm/jm-9-11000-grand-jury%239-11.140

https://www.justice.gov/jm/jm-9-11000-grand-jury%239-11.255

EXHIBIT 12


Case 1:15-cv-01392-RJL Document 48-3 Filed 06/27/19 Page 104 of 150Case 1:19-cv-02847-TFH Document 16-3 Filed 07/02/20 of 179

EXHIBIT 13


EXHIBIT 14


6/29/20, 8)37 AMFBI: San Francisco Bomb Suspect Sought Toxins – NBC Bay Area

Page 1 of 7https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/fbi-san-francisco-bomb-suspect-sought-toxins/76781/

FBI: San Francisco Bomb Suspect SoughtToxinsAccording to the affidavit, Chamberlain said he wantedto use the abrin to ease the suffering of cancer patients.

By Associated Press • Published June 6, 2014• Updated on June 7, 2014 at 4:50 am

A man charged with possessing explosivematerial at his San Francisco apartment alsoused an anonymous, Internet-based marketplaceto try to buy biological agents and lethal toxins,the FBI said in documents unsealed Friday.

In the search warrant affidavit, FBI Special AgentMichael Eldridge said witnesses reportedshipping the poison abrin to suspect RyanChamberlain.

It was unclear, however, if Chamberlain everreceived the poison that is found in the seeds of aplant called the rosary pea.

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Authorities have not said what, if anything,Chamberlain intended to do with the toxins orwith the bomb-making materials found at hisapartment.

FBI Manhunt for "Armed and Dangerous" PRConsultant Expands

Chamberlain said he wanted to use the abrin toease the suffering of cancer patients, accordingto the affidavit.

The 42-year-old Chamberlain was arrestedMonday after a three-day manhunt thatauthorities said was prompted by the discovery ofbomb-making materials at his apartment.

Chamberlain apparently came to the attention ofthe FBI as it investigated and monitored theonline marketplace where people allegedlybought and sold guns, bombs, drugs, chemicalsand counterfeit goods.

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RAW VIDEO: Attorney Confronts FBIon “Green Fuzz” in Ryan ChamberlainCase


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Possessing Bomb Materials

Also on Friday, U.S. Magistrate Judge NathanaelCousins refused to let Chamberlain post bailpending his trial, which has not yet beenscheduled.

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Chamberlain has been charged with one count ofpossessing material that could be used to buildan explosive device. He has not entered a plea.His public defender declined comment outsidecourt.

The judge scheduled an afternoon hearing todetermine whether to transfer Chamberlain to asecured psychiatric unit at a hospital, where hecould undergo an exam.

Attorney Challenges FBI Over "Green Fuzz" inRyan Chamberlain Case

Copyright AP - Associated Press

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WHAT DO YOU THINK? �

The NFL fined the Patriots $1.1M,banned their TV crew fromshooting games this season andtook away a third-round pick in2021 as punishment for illegallyfilming a 2019 Bengals-Brownsgame. Do you feel this is a fairpunishment?

Not sure / I don't follow the NFL

It is a fair punishment

It is not enough of a punishment

It is too much of a punishment

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