The Univers

eBy : Che Wan, How Qi Ming, Imran, Harvin, Pavitran

Teacher : Mrs. Shanti

DefinitionThe Universe is commonly defined as the totality of existence, including planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature.

How much does man know about the universe?Scientific observation of the Universe, the observable part of which is about 93 billion light years in diameter, has led to inferences of its earlier stages. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe, which in physical cosmology is believed to have occurred about 13.77 billion years ago.

I dunno wat to put here…..ill think later

Stars…

What is a star?Stars are the most widely recognized astronomical objects, and represent the most fundamental building blocks of galaxies. Stars are responsible for the manufacture and distribution of heavy elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Consequently, the study of the birth, life, and death of stars is central to the field of astronomy.

Formation of StarsStar formation begins when the denser parts of a cloud core collapse under their own weight/gravity. The cores are denser than the outer cloud, so they collapse first. As the cores collapse they fragment into clumps. These clumps then form into protostars and the whole process takes about 10 millions years.

Star explosionsThe explosion of a Star is called Supernova. Nova means "new" in Latin. Supernovae are extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy, before fading from view over several weeks or months.

Star explosions continued…A black hole is a region of spacetime from which gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. Around a black hole there is a mathematically defined surface called an event horizon that marks the point of no return. It is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body.

Galaxies…

What is a Galaxy?A galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, stellar remnants, and interstellar medium of gas and dust, and, it is hypothesized, an important but poorly understood component called dark matter. The word galaxy is derived from the Greek galaxias (γαλαξίας).

FormationCurrent cosmological models of the early Universe are based on the Big Bang theory. About 300,000 years after this event, atoms of hydrogen and helium began to form, in an event called recombination. But until now, no one really does know for sure how galaxies are formed.

The Milky WayThe Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. This name derives from its appearance as a dim "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky, in which the naked eye cannot distinguish individual stars. The term "Milky Way" is a translation of the Classical Latin via lactea, from the Hellenistic Greek

List of named galaxies…

Milky Way Galaxy Sagittarius

Andromeda Andromeda

Bode's Galaxy Ursa Major

Cartwheel Galaxy Sculptor

Cigar Galaxy Ursa Major

Comet Galaxy Sculptor

Hoag's Object Serpens Caput

Mayall's Object Ursa Major

Pinwheel Galaxy Ursa Major

Sombrero Galaxy Virgo

Sunflower Galaxy Canes Venatici

Tadpole Galaxy Draco

Whirlpool Galaxy Canes Venatici

The Earth…

What is Earth?Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is sometimes referred to as the world, the Blue Planet, or by its Latin name, Terra. And as everybody knows, it’s the only planet known to man which sustains life.

The layers of Earth(km)

0 - 40 Crust 40 - 400 Upper mantle 400 - 650 Transition region 650 - 2890 Lower mantle 2890 - 5150 Outer core

5150 - 6378 Inner core

ContinentsA continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. The earth is made up of 7 continents which are Asia, the biggest one, Antarctica the coldest one, North and South America, Africa and last and the smallest, Europe.

ClimatesClimate is the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods.

Comets, Meteors and Asteroids

What is a comet?Comets are objects composed mostly of ice and dust that grow tails when they approach the sun. All comets have a nucleus, which is the hard rock/ice object.

What is an Asteroid?Asteroids are the small rocky objects in the Solar System. The largest asteroid is Ceres, which is 933 kilometers. Many asteroids, including all of the largest asteroids, orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter in the Asteroid Belt.

What is a Meteor?Meteor however, is a small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth's atmosphere, appearing as a streak of light. It’s also called a shooting star.

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