The University of Edinburgh

School of Social & Political Science

Politics & International Relations Honours Option

“REALISM IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS”

Spring Semester

2012

Lecture: Tuesday 12:10 -13:00

Venue: Room 3.D01 Forrest Hill

Tutorials: Tuesday, 14:00-14:50, 15:00-15:50, 17:10-18:00 (if numbers are sufficiently large).

Course Convener :

Dr. Vassilios Paipais

Office: Room 5.10 Chrystal Macmillan Building

Email: v.paipais@ed.ac.uk

Telephone: ++44 (0)131 6504069

Administrative Support:

Susan Orr

Office: Room 1.11, Chrystal Macmillan Building.

Email: susan.orr@ed.ac.uk

Telephone: +44(0)131 650 4253.

Time and Location:

Lectures are held on Tuesdays from 12:10-13:00 in Room 3.D01, Forrest Hill. The first lecture will be on Tuesday, January 17th 2012.

Tutorials will begin in Week 2. Students should sign up for a tutorial online, via WebCT.

Learning Outcomes:

This course is aimed at developing students' understanding of Realism in International Relations, stimulating interest in the development of IR theory, and supporting students in the development of their research, analytical, critical and communication skills. It is expected that all students, on completion of this course, will have achieved a number of learning outcomes:

Identify key realist concepts and the changes in these concepts over time.

Critically engage with the epistemology of IR theory.

Understand the relationship between Realism and the prevailing doctrines of modernity.

Critically interrogate textbook interpretations of Realism in IR

Have a greater understanding of the workings of international society.

Apply Realist theory to world politics.

Format:

The class meets for a 50-minute lecture each week, and students must also attend one tutorial (lasting 50 minutes) each week. Tutorials begin in week 2.

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Students are expected to regularly attend lectures and tutorials, and are expected to complete their coursework on time. It is expected that students will read all the required readings and a selection of the recommended readings each week. All students are expected to read in preparation for each tutorial so that they can participate fully in class discussion, and particularly the debates. Please prepare at least six key discussion points each week based on your reading in response to the tutorial topic/question.

Web CT:

Relevant information concerning this course will be posted on the Web CT page . Students should consult Web CT to check the time and place of tutorials, other announcements relating to the administration of the course, and notices of relevant events in and around the university. Some notices may also be sent out by email to students’ university email addresses. All students have university email accounts. It is your responsibility to check this regularly, even if it is not your usual email address. (If this is not your usual address, you can set up an auto-forward facility to ensure all mail sent to your university account is forwarded to you.) Students may also be interested in the activities of the International Politics Research Group and the Transatlantic Seminar Series. Details of events will be posted on the research group webpage.

Assessment:

Assessment for the course will be based on two pieces of work: one course essay and one exam.

The exam:

Will be held as part of the April/May diet and will represent 60% of the mark for the course. It will be designed to test knowledge and understanding acquired throughout the course, in course readings, lectures, and tutorial discussions.

The essay:

Should be 2000 words in length (+/- 10% is acceptable) and is worth 40% of the final mark. Essays significantly over the word length (i.e., more than 2200 words) will incur a penalty of five marks.

The essay is intended to provide students with the opportunity to develop and apply their research and writing skills in an in-depth analysis of one particular area of interest covered in the first half of the course. Essay questions will be announced and posted on WebCT .

Essays should be typed with 1.5 or double spacing, include a front page, clearly stating the question being answered, and your examination number. Two copies of the essay must be submitted to the Politics & IR essay box outside Room 1.11 CMB. Please note that the late penalty takes effect immediately after 12 noon. In line with School policy, the penalty for late submission of essays will be 5 marks per working day for up to five days. Work submitted more than five days late will receive a mark of zero. Please consult the Politics & IR Honours Handbook for details of guidelines and processes for claiming a legitimate reason for late submission.

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Essay return and feedback:

Essays will be available for collection within three weeks of submission. Arrangements for the return of essays will be announced in class and posted on Web CT towards the end of the semester.

Good feedback on essays is an essential part of the learning experience. Essay feedback will be provided on a standardised Essay Feedback form, which will provide a general overview of the strengths and weaknesses of different aspects of the essay, as well as particular comments on the quality of the essay. Students are also encouraged to consult course conveners during their office hours to discuss essay feedback or concerns regarding their work. This feedback is intended to support students in the development of their future studies, and to inform students’ exam preparation. Students should note that specific feedback is not provided on end of course exams.

Tutors and conveners use a common marking scheme when marking essays and exams – the descriptors of these schemes are published in the Politics & IR Honours handbook and students should refer to these when reflecting on their marks. Students may find it useful to consult the Centre for Teaching, Learning and Assessment (TLA), accessible at http://www.tla.ed.ac.uk/, if they feel they need to improve their study and assessment skills. Any students confronting problems or dissatisfaction with particular courses or programmes may also communicate these to their student representatives on the Staff-Student Liaison Committee, and are always welcome to communicate issues directly to the relevant course convener or to the Director of Undergraduate Teaching (Dr Neil Thin).

Plagiarism:

Although discussion between students is encouraged, all written assignments are accepted for assessment on the understanding that they are, in the end, the student's own work. Copying out passages from books and articles without putting the passages in quotation marks must be avoided. All sources must be properly acknowledged, with appropriate referencing. Please see the Politics & IR Honours Handbook for further information on plagiarism. Occasionally cases have come to light of copying from other students' essays. This will not be tolerated. Serious cases of plagiarism will normally lead to automatic failure on the whole course, and may also lead to action under the University's Code of Discipline.

All essays must be accompanied by a signed plagiarism declaration.

ESSAY SUBMISSION CHECKLIST

Submit two copies of your essay.

Put only your Exam number on each copy of the essay

Complete one only Essay Front Coversheet and be sure you complete the Plagiarism Statement at the bottom of it

Staple the first copy of the essay to the front cover sheet and paperclip the second to both of them

Post the completed essays into the Politics & IR essay box outside Room 1.11, CMB.

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NOTE: All students should pay particular attention when completing the Plagiarism segment of the Essay Front Coversheet. If it is not completed correctly, coursework will not be marked until the student returns to the office to complete/correct the section.

Further information:

For further information, students should consult the Politics & IR Honours Handbook. In addition to general rules, regulations, guidance and degree information for Politics & IR Honours students, it includes information on the extended marking scheme, plagiarism and freedom of information rules.

Course Text:

The core text for the course, that all students will need a copy of, is Seán Molloy, The Hidden History of Realism: A Genealogy of Power Politics (New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2006). The book is available at discount from Blackwell’s on South Bridge, just opposite the School of Law at Old College.

Preliminary Readings:

Students are advised to familiarise themselves with the following readings before the course begins in January 2012:

E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years Crisis: Introduction to the Study of International Relations, 1919-1939 (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001 [1939]).

H.J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace [any edition from the 1st (1948) up to the 5th (1972)].

Robert O. Keohane, Neorealism and its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).

Specific readings are assigned week-by-week over the following pages. Students should note that many important readings for the course are available as PDF’s through Web CT. Those readings available via Web CT are clearly marked over the following pages.

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Course Overview:

Week Date Lecture Tutorial

1 16/01 Introduction – Realism’s place in International Relations theory

No tutorial

2 24/01 How should we think about Realism? Paradigm, Tradition, Genealogy?

Can Realism be reconciled with the standards of the philosophy of science?

3 31/01 Realism and modernity – Realism as contra-modern critique

Does Realism provide a compelling critique of modernity?

4 07/02 Clearing the ground for Realism – E.H. Carr and the Twenty Years Crisis

Is E.H. Carr an unequivocal Realist?

5 14/02 The tragedy of power politics – Morgenthau’s political Realism

Is Morgenthau’s world-view defined by helpless pessimism?

6 21/02 University Innovative Learning Week – no lecture or tutorial

7 28/02 Realism as historical-theoretical tradition – Martin Wight’s three traditions

Is Realism the controlling disciplinary factor of international society?

8 06/03 The retreat from the Real? – Kenneth Waltz’s Neorealism

Does Neorealism represent the pinnacle of the Realist tradition?

9 13/03 The end of Realism? – The Cold War and after

Did the end of the Cold War invalidate Realism?

10 20/03 Saving Realism? – Reinterpretations of a tradition

Do we need to, and can we, save Realism from itself?

11 27/03 Beyond the revisionist outlook? – Realism as an Ideology

Is reclaimed Realism becoming the ‘official ideology of a declining empire’, the ‘new idealism’?

Essay due date: end of week 8, Friday 9th March, 5pm

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Week 1: Realism’s place in International Relations theory

The purpose of this week is to introduce Realism as a family of concepts that have had an impact on how we theorise IR. Realism is examined in terms of its pre-history, its origins and development in the twentieth century. What is particularly important in this session is the critical examination of the supposed core of Realism is derived from textbook definitions of this theory. The first four readings are typical examples of textbook representations of Realism. The selections from Carr, Morgenthau and Wight are designed to begin the process of problematising textbook readings of Realism.

Required readings:

Brown, Chris. Understanding International Relations 3rd ed. (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp. 26-33. WEB CT.

Burchill, Scott (ed.). Theories of International Relations, 3rd ed. (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp. 29-54. WEB CT.

Baylis, John and Steve Smith (eds.). The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 161-185. WEB CT.

Nicholson, Michael. International Relations: A Concise Introduction, 2nd ed. (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), pp. 90-98. WEB CT.

Selections from Carr, Morgenthau, and Wight. WEB CT.

Week 2: How should we think about Realism – Paradigm, Tradition, Genealogy ?

Required readings on the use of paradigm:

Moravcsik, Andrew and Jeffrey Legro, ‘Is Anybody Still a Realist?’ International Security Vol. 24, No. 2 (1999). E-JOURNAL

Feaver, Peter et al. ‘Brother Can You Spare a Paradigm,’ International Security Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer 2000). E-JOURNAL.

Required readings on the use of tradition:

Buzan, Barry. ‘The Timeless Wisdom of Realism?’ in Steve Smith et al. (eds.), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). WEB CT.

Bell, D. (2009), ‘Introduction: Under an Empty Sky-Realism and Political Theory’ in Bell, D. (ed.), Political Thought and International Relations: variations on a realist theme , (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press). WEB CT.

Welch, David A. ‘Why International Relations Theorists Should Stop Reading Thucydides,’ Review of International Studies Vol. 29 (2003), pp. 301-319. E-JOURNAL.

Required reading on the use of genealogy:

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Molloy, Sean. The Hidden History of Realism, Introduction.

Der Derian, James. ‘A Reinterpretation of Realism: Genealogy, Semiology, Dromology,’ in James Der Derian (Ed.), International Theory: Critical Investigations, (Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1995). WEB CT.

Recommended readings on the use of paradigm:

Badie, Bertrand. “Realism Under Praise, or Requiem? The Paradigmatic Debate in International Relations,” International Political Science Review (2001), Vol. 22, No. 3.

Brooks, Steven G. “Duelling Realisms,” International Organization (1997), Vol. 51, No. 3.

Buzan, Barry, Charles Jones, and Richard Little. The Logic of Anarchy: NeoRealism to Structural Realism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).

Donnelly, Jack. Realism and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).

Fozouni, Bahman. “Confutation of Political Realism,” International Studies Quarterly (1995), Vol. 39, No. 4.

Guzzini, Stefano. Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy: The Continuing Story of a Death Foretold (London: Routledge, 1998).

Krippendorf, Ekkehart. “The Dominance of American Approaches in International Relations,” in The Study of International Relations: The State of the Art (London: Macmillan, 1989).

Kuhn, Thomas S. “A Response to my Critics,” in Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, ed. Imre Lakatos (London: Cambridge University Press, 1970).

Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970).

Lane, Ruth. “Positivism, Scientific Realism and Political Science. Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science,” Journal of Theoretical Politics (1996), Vol. 8, No. 3.

Mansbach, Richard and John A. Vasquez. In Search of Theory. A New Paradigm for Global Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).

Nobel, Jaap. “Realism versus Interdependence. The Paradigm Debate in International Relations,” Bulletin of Peace Proposals (1988), Vol. 19, No. 2.

Vasquez, John A. The Power of Power Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

Vasquez, John A. “The Realist Paradigm and Degenerative Vs Progressive Research Programs,” American Political Science Review (1997), Vol. 91, No. 4.

Walt, Stephen. ‘The Progressive Power of Realism,’ The American Political Science Review Vol. 91, No. 4 (Dec., 1997), pp. 931-935

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Young, Oran A. “Aron and the Whale: A Jonah in Theory,” in Contending Approaches to International Politics, ed. Klaus Knorr and James Rosenau (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1969).

Recommended readings on the use of tradition:

Gilpin, R. ‘War and Change in International Politics,’ Cambridge, Cambridge UP, 1981

Gilpin, R. ‘No One Loves a Political Realist,’ Security Studies, 5 (Spring): 3-26 1996

Williams, Michael C. The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations (Cambridge: CUP, 2005).

Ashley, Richard K. ‘Political Realism and Human Interests,’ International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 2, Symposium in Honor of Hans J. Morgenthau (Jun., 1981), pp. 204-236.

Bain, William. ‘Deconfusing Morgenthau: Moral Inquiry and Classical Realism Reconsidered,’ Review of International Studies (2000), 26: 445-464

Yost, David S. ‘Political Philosophy and the Theory of International Relations,’ International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 70, No. 2 (Apr., 1994), pp. 263-290

Benjamin Frankel (ed.), Realism: Restatements and Renewal, (Ilford: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1996).

Benjamin Frankel (ed.), Roots of Realism, (Ilford: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1996)

Lebow, Richard Ned, The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interests and Orders (Cambridge: CUP, 2003).

Schmidt, Brian C. The Political Discourse of Anarchy: a Disciplinary History of International Relations, (1998)

Vincent, John, "The Hobbesian Tradition in 20th Century Thought", Millennium 10, 2 (1981).

Williams, Michael., "Rousseau, Realism and Realpolitik", Millennium 18 (1989).

Williams, Michael, 'Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration', International Organization 50, 2 (Spring 1996).

Smith, Michael, Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger (1986), chapters on Weber and Morgenthau.

Haslam, Jonathan, No Virtue like Necessity. Realist Thought in International Relations since Machiavelli (2002).

Schmidt, Brian C.  ‘Realism as tragedy,’ Review of International Studies (2004), 30: 427-441.

Recommended readings on the use of genealogy:

Der Derian, James. On Diplomacy: A Genealogy of Western Estrangement (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987).

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Bartelson, Jens . A Genealogy of Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

Smith, Steve. ‘The Self-Images of a Discipline: A Genealogy of International Relations Theory,’ in Ken Booth and Steve Smith (eds.) International Relations Theory Today (Oxford: Polity, 1995).

Flynn, Thomas. ‘Foucault’s Mapping of History,’ in Gary Gutting (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Foucault, (Cambridge: CUP, 1994).

Foucault, Michel. ‘Nietzsche, Genealogy, History,’ in Paul Rabinow (ed) The Foucault Reader. An Introduction to Foucault’s Thought, (London: Penguin, 1991).

Foucault, Michel. ‘Nietzsche, Marx, Freud,’ in James Faubion (ed.), Trans Robert Hurley et al, Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology, (London: Penguin, 1998).

Foucault, Michel. ‘Truth and Power,’ in James D. Faubion (Ed), Power. Essential Works of Foucault. Vol. 3, (The New Press, New York: 2000).

Foucault, Michel. Society Must be Defended : Lectures at the Collège de France, 1965-76, Mauro Bertani and Alessandro Fontana eds., trans. David Macey. London : Penguin, 2003. Especially Chapter 1.

Mahon, Michael Foucault’s Nietzschean Genealogy. Truth, Power, and the Subject. (Albany: SUNY Press, 1992).

Nietzsche, Friedrich. ‘On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life’ in Untimely Meditations, Ed. David Breazeale, Trans R.J. Hollingdale, (Cambridge: CUP, 1997).

Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morals: by Way of Clarification of My Last Book Beyond Good and Evil. Trans Douglas Smith, (Oxford: OUP, 1996). Especially first essay.

Week 3: Realism and Modernity – Realism as Contra-modern critique.

Required readings:

Molloy, Sean. The Hidden History of Realism. A Genealogy of Power Politics (New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2006). Chapter 2.

Adorno, Theodor W. and Max Horkheimer. Dialectic of Enlightenment (New York: Continuum/Seabury Press, 1972). Chapter 1. WEB CT.

Foucault, Michel. “What is Enlightenment?” in The Foucault Reader. An Introduction to Foucault’s Thought, ed. Paul Rabinow (London: Penguin, 1991). WEB CT.

Oakeshott, Michael. “Rationalism in Politics,” in Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays (Indianapolis: Liberty, 1991). WEB CT.

Selections from Carr’s Twenty Years Crisis; Morgenthau’s Scientific Man versus Power Politics. WEB CT.

Recommended readings:

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Bell, Duncan S.A. “Anarchy, Power and Death: Contemporary Political Realism as Ideology,” Journal of Political Ideologies (2002), Vol. 7, No. 2.

Carr, E.H. “Karl Mannheim,” in From Napoleon to Stalin and Other Essays (Basingstoke, U.K.: MacMillan, 1980).

Cox, R.W. “Social Forces, States, and World Orders,” in Neorealism and Its Critics, ed. Keohane (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).

Der Derian, James. “The Boundaries of Knowledge and Power in International Relations,” in International/Intertextual Relations. Postmodern Readings of World Politics, ed. James Der Derian and Michael Shapiro (New York: Lexington, 1989).

Dunne, Tim. “Theories as Weapons: E.H. Carr and International Relations,” in E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal, ed. Michael Cox (Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave, 2000).

Frei, Christoph. Hans J. Morgenthau: An Intellectual Biography (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001).

Gismondi, Mark. “Tragedy, Realism, and Postmodernity: Kulturpessimus in the Theories of Max Weber, E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Henry Kissinger,” Diplomacy and Statecraft (2004), Vol. 15, No. 3.

Haslam, Jonathan. The Vices of Integrity: E.H. Carr, 1892–1982 (London: Verso, 1998).

Jones, Charles. “E.H. Carr: Ambivalent Realist,” in Post-Realism: The Rhetorical Turn in International Relations, ed. Francis A. Beer and Robert Hariman (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1996).

Kahler, Miles. “Rationality in International Relations,” International Organization (1998), Vol. 52, No. 4.

Morgenthau, Hans J. “The Limitations of Science and the Problem of Social Planning,” Ethics (1944), Vol. 54, No. 3.

Morgenthau, Hans J. “Science of Peace: A Rationalist Utopia,” Social Research (1975), Vol. XLII.

Petersen, E. U. (1999), ‘Breathing Nietzsche’s Air: New Reflections on Morgenthau’s Concepts of Power and Human Nature’, Alternatives, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 83-118.

Week 4: Clearing the Ground for Realism – E.H. Carr and The Twenty Years’ Crisis .

Required readings:

Molloy, Hidden History of Realism, Ch 3 & 4.

Carr, E.H. The Twenty Years’ Crisis. An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001). This is the latest version, with an excellent introduction by Mick Cox, but any will suffice.

Wilson, Peter. “Radicalism for a Conservative Purpose: The Peculiar Realism of E.H. Carr,” Millennium (2001), Vol. 30, No. 1. E-JOURNAL

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Recommended readings:

Angell, Norman. “Who are the Utopians? And Who the Realists?” Headway in Wartime, January 1940.

Ashworth, Lucian M. “Did the Realist-Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? A Revisionist History of International Relations,” International Relations (2002), Vol. 16, No. 1.

Bull, Hedley. “The Twenty Years’ Crisis Thirty Years On,” International Journal (1969), Vol. 24, No. 4.

Carr, E.H. “Karl Mannheim,” in From Napoleon to Stalin and Other Essays (Basingstoke, U.K.: MacMillan, 1980).

Carr, E.H. “An Autobiography,” in E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal, ed. Michael Cox (Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave, 2000).

Carr, E.H. Britain: A Study in Foreign Policy from the Versailles Treaty to the Outbreak of War (London: Longman Green, 1939).

Carr, E.H. Conditions of Peace (London: MacMillan, 1942).

Carr, E.H. Democracy in International Affairs, Cust Foundation Lecture, University College Nottingham, 1945.

Carr, E.H. Dostoevsky (1821–1881): A New Biography (London: Allen & Unwin, 1931).

Carr, E.H. The Future of Nations: Independence or Interdependence? (London: Kegan Paul, 1941).

Carr, E.H. International Relations between the Two World Wars (London: Macmillan, 1947).

Carr, E.H. Nationalism and After (London: Macmillan, 1946).

Cox, Michael, Ken Booth, and Tim Dunne. “The Eighty Years’ Crisis,” special edition of Review of International Studies, reprinted as The Eighty Years’ Crisis: International Relations 1919–1999 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

Cox, Michael. “Introduction,” in E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis (London: Palgrave, 2001).

Cox, Michael. “Will the Real E.H. Carr Please Stand Up?” International Affairs (1999), Vol. 75, No. 3.

Cox, Michael. E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal (Basingstoke, U.K: Palgrave, 2000).

Cox, R.W. “Social Forces, States, and World Orders,” in Neorealism and Its Critics, ed. Keohane (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).

Crossman, Richard. “Richard Coventry, ‘The Illusions of Power,’ ” The New Statesman and Nation, November 25, 1939.

Dunne, Tim. “Theories as Weapons: E.H. Carr and International Relations,” in E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal, ed. Michael Cox (Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave, 2000).

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Dunne, Tim. Inventing International Society: A History of the English School (Basingstoke, U.K.: MacMillan, 1998).

Evans, Graham. “E.H. Carr and International Relations,” British Journal of International Studies (1975), Vol. 1, No. 2.

Gismondi, Mark. “Tragedy, Realism, and Postmodernity: Kulturpessimus in the Theories of Max Weber, E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Henry Kissinger,” Diplomacy and Statecraft (2004), Vol. 15, No. 3.

Haslam, Jonathan. The Vices of Integrity: E.H. Carr, 1892–1982 (London: Verso, 1998).

Hirst, Paul. “The Eighty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1989—Power,” Review of International Studies (1998), Vol. 24, No. 5.

Howe, Paul. “The Utopian Realism of E.H. Carr,” Review of International Studies (1994), Vol. 20, No. 3.

Johnston, Whittle. “E.H. Carr’s Theory of International Relations: A Critique,” Journal of Politics (1967), Vol. 29, No. 4.

Jones, Charles. “E.H. Carr: Ambivalent Realist,” in Post-Realism: The Rhetorical Turn in International Relations, ed. Francis A. Beer and Robert Hariman (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1996).

Jones, Charles. E.H. Carr and International Relations: A Duty to Lie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

Wilson, Peter. “The Myth of the First Great Debate,” Review of International Studies (1998), Vol. 24, No. 5.

Wilson, Peter. “Carr and His Early Critics: Responses to The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1939–1946,” in E.H. Carr: A Critical Reappraisal, ed. Michael Cox (London: Macmillan, 2000).

Wilson, Peter. “E.H. Carr: The Revolutionist’s Realist,” The Global Site, http://www.theglobalsite.ac.uk/press/012wilson.htm.

Wilson, Peter. “The New Europe Debate in Wartime Britain,” in Visions of European Unity, ed. Philomena Murray and Paul Rich (Boulder: Westview, 1996).

Wilson, Peter. The International Theory of Leonard Woolf: A Study in Twentieth Century Idealism (New York: Palgrave, 2003).

Woolf, Leonard. “Utopia and Reality,” The Political Quarterly (1940), Vol. 11, No. 2.

Zimmern, Alfred. “A Realist in Search of a Utopia,” The Spectator, November 24, 1939.

Week 5: The Tragedy of Power Politics – Morgenthau’s Political Realism .

Required readings:

Molloy, Hidden History of Realism Chapters 2 & 4.

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Morgenthau, Hans J. ‘The Political Science of E.H. Carr,’ World Politics, 1 (Oct., 1948). E-JOURNAL.

Morgenthau, Hans J.‘The Evil of Politics and the Ethics of Evil,’ Ethics, 56 (October 1945). E-JOURNAL.

Morgenthau, Hans J. ‘The Twilight of International Morality,’ Ethics, 58 (1948). E-JOURNAL.

Morgenthau, Hans J. Scientific Man versus Power Politics (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1946). Final Chapter. WEB CT.

Oren, Ido. ‘The Unrealism of Contemporary Realism: The Tension between Realist Theory and Realists’ Practice,’ Perspectives on Politics Vol. 7. No. 2 (June 2009), pp. 283-301. E-JOURNAL.

Recommended readings:

Bain, William. “Deconfusing Morgenthau: Moral Inquiry and Classical Realism Reconsidered,” Review of International Studies (2000), Vol. 26, No. 3.

Bell, Duncan S.A. “Anarchy, Power and Death: Contemporary Political Realism as Ideology,” Journal of Political Ideologies (2002), Vol. 7, No. 2.

Fromkin, David. “Remembering Hans Morgenthau,” World Policy Journal (1993), Vol. 10, No. 3.

Gismondi, Mark. “Tragedy, Realism, and Postmodernity: Kulturpessimus in the Theories of Max Weber, E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Henry Kissinger,” Diplomacy and Statecraft (2004), Vol. 15, No. 3.

Jervis, Robert. “Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and the Scientific Study of International Politics,” Social Research (1994), Vol. 61, No. 4.

Morgenthau, Hans J. “The Escape from Power,” Politics in the Twentieth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971, abridged edition).

Morgenthau, Hans J. “The Machiavellian Utopia,” Ethics (1945), Vol. 55.

Morgenthau, ‘The Demands of Prudence’ in his Politics in the Twentieth Century Vol.3: The Restoration of American Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962)

Morgenthau, Human Rights and Foreign Policy (New York: Council on Religion and International Affairs, 1979), pp. 17, 25, 36.

Morgenthau, Hans J. ‘The Evil of Power,’ Review of Metaphysics, 3 (1949/1950)

Morgenthau, ‘On Trying to be Just,’ Commentary, 35 (May 1963)

Morgenthau, ‘Justice and Power,’ Social Research, 41 (Spring 1974)

Morgenthau, ‘The Moral Dilemma of Political Action’ in Morgenthau, The Decline of Democratic Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), p. 326.

Morgenthau, Hans J. “The Moral Dilemma of Political Action,” in Politics in the Twentieth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971, abridged edition).

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Morgenthau, Hans J. “Thought and Action in Politics,” Social Research (1971), Vol. XXXVII.

Morgenthau, Hans J. ‘Death in the Nuclear Age,’ Commentary, 32 (September 1961).

Murray, H.J.A. (1996), ‘The Moral Politics of Hans Morgenthau’, The Review of Politics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 81-107.

Neacsu, M. (2010), Hans J. Morgenthau’s Theory of International Politics: Disenchantment and Re-Enchantment, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Pichler, Hans-Karl. “The Godfathers of ‘Truth’: Max Weber and Karl Schmitt in Morgenthau’s Theory of Power Politics,” Review of International Studies (1998), Vol. 24, No. 2.

Pin-Fat, Veronique. “The Metaphysics of the National Interest and the ‘Mysticism’ of the Nation-State: Reading Hans Morgenthau,” Review of International Studies (2005), Vol. 32, No. 2.

Turner, S. & Mazur, G. (2009), ‘Morgenthau as a Weberian Methodologist’, European Journal of International Relations, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 477-504.

Williams, Michael C. “Why Ideas Matter in International Relations: Hans Morgenthau, Classical Realism, and the Moral Construction of Power Politics,” International Organisation (2004), Vol. 58, No. 4.

Wong, B. (2000), ‘Hans Morgenthau’s Anti-Machiavellian Machiavellianism’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 389-409.

Week 6 – University Innovative Learning Week .

Week 7: Realism in Theoretical Context – Martin Wight’s Three Traditions .

Required readings:

Molloy, Hidden History of Realism, ch. 5.

Wight, Martin. “An Anatomy of International Thought,” Review of International Studies (1987), Vol. 13, No. 3. WEB CT.

Wight, Martin. “The Balance of Power,” in The World in March 1939, ed. A.J. Toynbee and F.T. Ashton-Gwatkin (London: Oxford University Press, 1952). WEB CT.

Wight, Martin. “The Balance of Power and International Order,” in The Bases of International Order. Essays in Order of C.A.W. Manning, ed. A.M. James (London: Oxford University Press, 1973). WEB CT.

Wight, Martin. “Western Values in International Relations,” in Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics, ed. Martin Wight and Herbert Butterfield (London: Allen & Unwin, 1966). WEB CT.

Wight, Martin. “Why Is there No International Theory?” in Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics, ed. Martin Wight and Herbert Butterfield (London: Allen & Unwin, 1966). WEB CT.

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Recommended readings:

Bull, Hedley. ‘Martin Wight and the theory of international relations’, British Journal of International Studies, 1976, vol. 2, pp 101–116.

Dunne, Tim. Inventing International Society: A History of the English School (Basingstoke, U.K.: MacMillan, 1998).

Dunne, Tim (2005), ‘System, State and Society: How Does It All Hang Together?’, Millennium 34(1), 157-170.

Dunne, Tim. ‘Sociological Investigations: Instrumental, Legitimist and Coercive Interpretations of International Society’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies 30, no. 1 (2001): 67-91.

Walker, R. B. J. Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge, 1993), ch. 2.

Jackson, Robert ‘Martin Wight, International Theory, and the Good Life’, Millennium, 19 (1990), pp. 261–72;

Epp, Roger. ‘Martin Wight: International Relations as Realm of Persuasion’, in Francis Beer and Robert Hariman (eds.), Post-Realism: The Rhetorical Turn in International Relations (East Lansing, MI, 1996).

Roger Epp, The ‘Augustinian Moment’ in International Politics: Niebuhr, Butterfield, Wight and the Reclaiming of a Tradition, International Politics Occasional Research Paper, no. 10 (Aberystwyth, 1991).

Pierre Hassner, ‘Beyond the three traditions’, International Affairs, 1994, vol. 70(4), pp 737–756.

Michael Howard, ‘Ethics and power in international policy’, International Affairs, 1977, vol. 53(3), pp 364–376.

Suganami, Hidemi (2003) ‘British Institutuionalists, or the English School Twenty Years On’ International Relations 17(3) 253-271.

Robert H. Jackson, The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)

Ole Wæver, ‘Four Meanings of International Society: A Transatlantic Dialogue’, in International Society and the Development of International Relations Theory, ed. B. A. Robertson (London: Pinter, 1998)

Hall, Ian. “Challenge and Response: The Lasting Engagement of Arnold J. Toynbee and Martin Wight,” International Relations (2003), Vol. 17, No. 3.

Little, Richard. “The English School’s Contributions to the Study of International Relations,” European Journal of International Relations (2000), Vol. 6, No. 3.

Thomas, Scott M. “Faith, History and Martin Wight: The Role of Religion in the Historical Sociology of the English School of International Relations,” International Affairs (2001), Vol. 77, No. 4.

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Watson, Adam. ‘Systems of states’, Review of International Studies, 1990, vol. 16, pp 99–109.

Wight, Martin. “The Balance of Power,” in Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics, ed. Martin Wight and Herbert Butterfield (London: Allen & Unwin, 1966).

Wight, Martin. “The Church Russia and the West,” Ecumenical Review (1948), Vol. 1, No. 1.

Wight, Martin. International Theory. The Three Traditions (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1991).

Wight, Martin. Power Politics, 2nd ed. (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1978).

Wight, Martin. Systems of States (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1977).

Week 8: The Retreat from the Real? – Kenneth Waltz’s Neorealism .

Required readings:

Molloy, Hidden History of Realism, ch. 6.

Waltz, Kenneth N. “Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory,” Journal of International Affairs (1990), Vol. 44, No. 1. E-JOURNAL.

Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics (McGraw-Hill, 1979), chapters 5, pp. 79-101. WEB CT.

Keohane, Robert (ed.), Neorealism and Its Critics, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), chapters 3, pp. 47-70. WEB CT.

Ashley, R K, ‘The Poverty of Neorealism’, International Organization, vol. 38, no. 2, Spring 1984. E-JOURNAL

Recommended readings:

Duffield, John S. “Political Culture and State Behavior: Why Germany Confounds Neorealism,” International Organization (1999), Vol. 53, No. 4.

Goddard, Stacie E. and Daniel H. Nexon. “Paradigm Lost? Reassessing Theory of International Politics,” European Journal of International Relations (2005), Vol. 11, No. 1.

Kratochwil, Friedrich. “The Embarrassment of Changes: Neo-Realism as the Science of Realpolitik without Politics,” Review of International Studies (1993), Vol. 19, No.1.

Fred Halliday & Justin Rosenberg, ‘Interview with Ken Waltz’, Review of International Studies, 24 (3), 1998.

Glaser, Charles L. ‘Structural Realism in a more complex world,’ Review of International Studies, Volume 29, Issue 03, Jul 2003, pp 403-414.

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Powell, Robert ‘Anarchy in International Relations Theory: The Neorealist-Neoliberal Debate,’ International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), pp. 313-344

Hall, Bruce Rodney & Friedrich V. Kratochwil, ‘Medieval Tales: Neorealist "Science" and the Abuse of History,’ International Organization > Vol. 47, No. 3 (Summer, 1993), pp. 479-491

Powell, Robert. ‘Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory,’ The American Political Science Review, Vol. 85, No. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. 1303-1320.

Buzan, Barry and Richard Little, ‘Reconceptualizing Anarchy: Structural Realism Meets World History,’ European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 2, No. 4, 403-438 (1996)

Copeland, Dale C. ‘The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay,’International Security, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 187-212

Schroeder, Paul. ‘Historical Reality vs. Neo-Realist Theory,’ International Security, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Summer, 1994), pp. 108-148

Sterling-Folker, Jennifer. ‘Realism and the Constructivist Challenge: Rejecting, Reconstructing, or Rereading,’ International Studies Review 4 (1), (2002), pp. 73–97.

Buzan, Barry et al, The Logic of Anarchy, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993)

Shimko, Keith L. ‘Realism, Neorealism and American Liberalism,’ Review of Politics, vol. 54, Spring 1992, pp. 281-301.

Baldwin, David, ed. Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Chapters by Baldwin and Milner.

Burchill, Scott. ‘Realism and Neo-Realism’. Theories of International Relations. 2nd Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1996.

Buzan, Barry, Charles Jones, and Richard Little. The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.

John Lewis Gaddis, ‘International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War’. International Security. 17 (1992/93): 5-58.

Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).

Little, Richard. ‘Neorealism and the English School’. European Journal of International Relations. 1.1 (1995): 9-34.

Mearsheimer, John. ‘Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War’. International Security. 15.1 (1990): 5-56.

John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. London: WW Norton, 2001.

Milner, Helen. “The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique.” Review of International Studies. 17 (1991): 67-85.

Snyder, Glenn. ‘Mearsheimer’s World—Offensive Realism and Struggle for Security’. International Security. 27.1 (2002): 149-173.

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Wendt, Alexander. ‘Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics,’ International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), pp. 391-425

Rosenberg, Justin. The Empire of Civil Society: A Critique of the Realist Theory of International Relations (London: Verso, 1994).

Ruggie, J.G. ‘The False Premise Of Realism,’ International Security, 1995, Vol. 20, No 1, pp.62-70.

Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Anarchic Structure of World Politics,” in R. Art and R Jervis (eds), International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, (New York: London : Pearson Longman, 2007).

Waltz, Kenneth N. “Structural Realism after the Cold War,” International Security (2000), Vol. 25, No. 1.

Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Emerging Structure of International Relations,” International Security (1993), Vol. 18, No. 2.

Waltz, Kenneth N. “The New World Order,” Millennium: Journal of International Studies (1993), Vol. 22, No. 2.

Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1988), Vol. 18, No. 4.

Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979).

Waltz, Kenneth N. “Evaluating Theories,” American Political Science Review (1997), Vol. 91, No. 4.

Week 9: The End of Realism? – The Cold War and After .

Required reading:

George Kennan (writing as ‘X’), ‘The Sources of Soviet Conduct,’ Foreign Affairs 25 (1946/1947). WEB CT.

Lebow, Richard Ned ‘The Long Peace, the End of the Cold War, and the Failure of Realism,’ International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 2. (Spring, 1994), pp. 249-277. E-JOURNAL.

Mastanduno, Michael ‘Preserving the Unipolar Moment: Realist Theories and U.S. Grand Strategy after the Cold War (in U.S. Foreign Policy: Out of This World?), International Security, Vol. 21, No. 4. (Spring, 1997), pp. 49-88. E-JOURNAL.

Mearsheimer, John J. ‘Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War,’ International Security, Vol. 15, No. 1. (Summer, 1990), pp. 5-56. E-JOURNAL.

Wohlforth, William C. ‘Realism and the End of the Cold War,’ International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3. (Winter, 1994-1995), pp. 91-129. E-JOURNAL.

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Recommended reading:

Gaddis, John Lewis ‘International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War,’ International Security, Vol. 17, No. 3. (Winter, 1992-1993), pp. 5-58.

Houghton, Neal D. ‘A Case for Essential Abandonment of Basic U. S. Cold War Objectives,’ The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 2. (Jun., 1970), pp. 384-411.

Ray, James Lee & Bruce Russett, ‘The Future as Arbiter of Theoretical Controversies: Predictions, Explanations and the End of the Cold War,’ British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 26, No. 4. (Oct., 1996), pp. 441-470.

McCalla, Robert B. ‘NATO's Persistence after the Cold War,’ International Organization, Vol. 50, No. 3. (Summer, 1996), pp. 445-475.

Kegley, Jr. Charles W. & Gregory A. Raymond, ‘Must We Fear a Post-Cold War Multipolar System?’ The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 36, No. 3. (Sep., 1992), pp. 573-585.

Macdonald, Douglas J. ‘Communist Bloc Expansion in the Early Cold War: Challenging Realism, Refuting Revisionism,’ International Security, Vol. 20, No. 3. (Winter, 1995-1996), pp. 152-188.

Art, Robert J. ‘A Defensible Defense: America's Grand Strategy after the Cold War,’ International Security, Vol. 15, No. 4. (Spring, 1991), pp. 5-53.

Ruggie, John Gerard ‘Third Try at World Order? America and Multilateralism after the Cold War,’ Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 109, No. 4. (Autumn, 1994), pp. 553-570.

Walt, Stephen M. ‘The Case for Finite Containment: Analyzing U.S. Grand Strategy (in Defining and Defending American Interests),’ International Security, Vol. 14, No. 1. (Summer, 1989), pp. 5-49.

Zakaria, Fareed ‘The Reagan Strategy of Containment,’ Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 3. (Autumn, 1990), pp. 373-395.

Miller, Linda B. ‘American Foreign Policy: Beyond Containment?’ International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 66, No. 2. (Apr., 1990), pp. 313-324.

Kratochwil, Friedrich "The Embarassment of Changes: Neo-realism as the Science of Realpolitik without Politics", Review of International Studies, Vol. 19, no. 1 (January 1993), pp. 63-80.

Bowker, Mike and Robin Brown (eds). From Cold War to Collapse: Theory and World Politics in the 1980s, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

Week 10: Saving Realism? Reinterpretations of a Tradition .

Required readings:

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Molloy, ‘From The Twenty Years’ Crisis to Theory of International Politics: A Rhizomatic Reading of Realism,’ Journal of International Relations and Development, Vol. 13, 2010, pp. 378-404. Web-CT.

Walker, R.B.J. ‘Realism, Change, and International Political Theory,’ International Studies Quarterly, (1987), Vol. 31, No. 1. E-JOURNAL.

Michael C. “Why Ideas Matter in International Relations: Hans Morgenthau, Classical Realism, and the Moral Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization (2004), Vol. 58, No. 4. E-JOURNAL.

Scheuerman, W. E., (2009) "Morality, power and tragedy" from Scheuerman, W. E., Hans Morgenthau: realism and beyond pp.40-69,208-213, Cambridge: Polity Press . WEBCT

Steele, Brent, ‘Eavesdropping on Honored Ghosts: From Classical to Reflexive Realism’, Journal of International Relations and Development, 10, 2007, pp. 272-300. E-JOURNAL.

Recommended readings:

Hayden, Patrick. ‘From Relations to Practice in the Empiricism of Gilles Deleuze,’ Man and World Vol.28, pp. 283--302, 1995.

Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari,. A Thousand Plateaus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia Vol. II (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987) – Plateau 1: Rhizome. WEB CT.

Lather, Patti, ‘Fertile Obsession: Validity After Poststructuralism,’ Sociological Quarterly, 34:4 (1993:Nov.)

Lebow Ned Richard (2003), The Tragic Vision of Politics: ethics, interests, orders, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)

Bogue, Ronald. ‘Gilles Deleuze: Postmodern Philosopher?’ Criticism, Vol. 32: 4 (1990:Fall).

Colombat, André Pierre. ‘A Thousand Trails to Work with Deleuze,’ SubStance, Vol. 20, No. 3, Issue 66: Special Issue: Deleuze & Guattari (1991), pp. 10-23.

Stivale, Charles J. 'Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari: Schizoanalysis & Literary Discourse,’ SubStance, Vol. 9, No. 4, Issue 29 (1980), pp. 46-57

Graafland, Arie. ‘Of Rhizomes, Trees, and the IJ-Oevers Amsterdam,’ Assemblage, No. 38 (Apr., 1999), pp. 28-41

Rapaport, Herman. ‘Vietnam: The Thousand Plateaus,’ Social Text, No. 9/10, The 60's without Apology (Spring, 1984), pp. 137-147

Patton, Paul. ‘Conceptual Politics and the War-Machine in "Mille Plateaux,"’ SubStance, Vol. 13, No. 3/4, Issue 44-45: Gilles Deleuze (1984), pp. 61-80.

Bain, W. (2000), ‘Deconfusing Morgenthau: moral inquiry and classical realism reconsidered’, Review of International Studies, vol. 26, pp. 445-464.

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Behr, H. & Heath, A. (2009), ‘Misreading in IR theory and ideology critique: Morgenthau, Waltz and neo-realism’, Review of International Studies, vol. 35, pp. 327-349.

Cozette, M. (2008a), ‘Reclaiming the critical dimension of realism: Hans J. Morgenthau on the ethics of scholarship’, Review of International Studies, vol. 34, pp. 5-27.

Cozette, M. (2008b), ‘What Lies Ahead: Classical Realism on the Future of International Relations’, International Studies Review, vol. 10, pp. 667-679.

Griffiths, M. (1992), Realism, Idealism and International Politics: a reinterpretation, (London; NY: Routledge).

Scheuerman, E. W. (2011), The Realist Case for Global Reform, (Cambridge: Polity Press).

Scheuerman, E. W. (2009a), Morgenthau: realism and beyond, (Cambridge: Polity Press).

Scheuerman, E. W. (2009b), ‘A Theoretical Missed Opportunity? Hans J. Morgenthau as Critical Realist’ in Bell, D. (ed.), Political Thought and International Relations: variations on a realist theme, (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press).

Scheuerman, E. W. (2008), ‘Realism and the Left: the case of Hans J. Morgenthau’, Review of International Studies, vol. 34, pp. 29-51.

Schuett, R. (2011), ‘Peace through Transformation? Political Realism and the Progressivism of National Security’, International Relations, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 185-203.

Schuett, R. (2010), ‘Classical realism, Freud and human nature in international relations’, History of the Human Sciences, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 21-46.

Schuett, R. (2007), ‘Freudian roots of political realism: the importance of Sigmund Freud to Hans J. Morgenthau theory of international power politics’, History of the Human Sciences, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 53-78.

Tjalve Schou, V. (2008), Realist Strategies of Republican Peace: Niebuhr, Morgenthau and the politics of patriotic dissent, (New York: Palgrave MacMillan).

Tjalve Schou, V. (2009), ‘Realism and the Politics of (Dis)Enchantment’ in Bell, D. (ed.), Political Thought and International Relations: variations on a realist theme , (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press).

Williams, M. ed. (2007), Realism Reconsidered: the legacy of Hans Morgenthau in international relations, (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press).

Williams, M. (2005), The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations , (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press).

Week 11: Beyond the Revisionist Outlook? – Realism as Ideology

Required reading:

Molloy, Hidden History of Realism, conclusion.

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Bell, Duncan S.A. “Anarchy, Power and Death: Contemporary Political Realism as Ideology,” Journal of Political Ideologies (2002), Vol. 7, No. 2. E-JOURNAL

Williams, Michael, ‘What is the National Interest? The Neoconservative Challenge in IR Theory’, European Journal of International Relations, 11(3), December 2005, pp. 307-337. E-JOURNAL

Guilhot, Nicolas, ‘One Discipline, Many Histories’ in Guilhot Nicolas, The Invention of International Relations Theory, (New York: Columbia University Press), 2011, pp. 1-32. E-BOOK via Library.

Recommended Reading:

Molloy, Hidden History of Realism, conclusion.

Freeden, Michael, Ideologies and Political Theory: a conceptual approach, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)

Vigneswaran D. & Quirk J., ‘Past Masters and Modern Inventions: Intellectual History as Critical Theory’, International Relations, vol. 24, no. 2, 2010, pp. 107-131.

Jahn, Beate, Classical Theory in International Relations, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).

Williams, Michael, ‘Morgenthau now: Neo-conservatism, national greatness, and realism’ in Williams, M. ed. (2007), Realism Reconsidered: the legacy of Hans Morgenthau in international relations, (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press).

Guilhot, Nicolas, ‘The Realist Gambit: Postwar American Political Science and the Birth of IR Theory’ in Guilhot Nicolas, The Invention of International Relations Theory, (New York: Columbia University Press), 2011

Sørensen, Georg. "A Revised Paradigm for International Relations: The 'Old' Images and the Postmodernist Challenge," Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 26 (1991), pp. 85-116.

Porter, Tony. "Postmodern Political Realism and International Relations Theory's Third Debate," in: Claire Turenne Sjolander, Wayne S. Cox (eds.), Beyond Positivism: Critical Reflections on International Relations, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994, pp. 105-128.

Spegele, Roger D. "Political Realism and the Remembrance of Relativism," Review of International Studies, Vol. 21 (1995), pp. 211-236.

Richard K. Ashley "Political Realism and Human Interests," International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 2 (June 1981), pp. 204-236.

Ashley, Richard K. "The Poverty of Neorealism," International Organization, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Spring 1984), pp. 225-286.

Ashley, Richard K. "The Achievements of Poststructuralism," in: Steve Smith, Ken Booth, Marysia Zalewski (eds.), International Theory: Positivism & Beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996, pp. 240-253.

George, Jim. "Of Incarceration and Closure: Neo-Realism and the New/Old World Order," Millennium, Vol. 22, No. 2 (1993), pp. 197-234

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George, Jim. Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re)Introduction to International Relations, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994.

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