Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering

The Unmanned Vehicle Carrier: UVC-X

Presented To: MIT Ship Design and Technology Symposium

Evangelos Koutsolelos

Andrew Privette Petros Voxakis

Kip Wilkins

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Sponsors

Dr. Larrie D. Ferreiro Director of Research Executive Editor, Defense Acquisition Research Journal Defense Acquisition University

Steven Wynn CIV NAVSEA HQ, SEA 05

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVC Overview

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Nuclear Power Plant

Well Deck

2nd Flight Deck

EMALS/Ski Jump Combo

Vehicle Storage Decks

Efficient Flight Deck Layout

Ship Characteristics LBP 750 ft Beam 124 ft Draft 29.1 ft Full Load Displacement 48,489 LT Maximum Speed 25.3 kts Lead Ship Cost $6.5 billion Follow Ship Cost $4.6 billion Life Cycle Cost (10 ships) $132 billion

Communication Tower

Pit Stop

Navigation Tower

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering

Why should we care about UVs?

•  Technologically Feasible •  Increased reliance on UVs

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1. BACKGROUND:%Over!the!past!decade!Unmanned!Arial!Vehicles!(UAV)!have!emerged!as!an!extremely!effective!weapons!platform!and!are!proving!to!be!the!method!of!choice!for!pursuit!of!hostile! forces,! local!and! longFrange!surveillance,!and! inland!strike!missions.! !UAVs!have! the! benefit! of! reusability! and! reactivity! when! compared! to! tomahawks.!!Additionally,!when!compared!to!manned!aircraft,! they!are!safer! for! friendly! forces!and! relatively! inexpensive.! The! figures! below! illustrate! the! growth! in! UAV! flight!hours!over!the!last!several!years!and!a!projected!$62!billion!increase!in!budget!over!the!next!6!years.!!

!!!!! http://www.armedforces-int.com http://www.marketresearchmedia.com%%%%%%%%% With!the!growth!of!UAV!capability!and!the!uncertainty!of!having!reliable!access!to!airstrips!and!supporting! infrastructure! it!will!be!beneficial! to!have!a!mobile!naval!platform!similar!to!current!US!naval!aircraft!carriers!to!support!this!capability.!!With!this!change!in!military!strategy!and!investment!in!UAVs!it! is! in!the!best!interest!of!the!United!States!Navy!to!have!a!carrier!to!support!this!capability.!

2.%%SCOPE,%APPROACH,%AND%METHODOLOGY:%The! goal! of! this! design! project! is! to! produce! a! capable,! efficient,! and! affordable!Unmanned!Vehicle! (UV)!Carrier,! in! the! range!of!30F40! thousand!LT!displacement.!It’s!mission!will!be!to!launch,!recover,!and!maintain!UVs!in!support!of!land,!sea,!and!air!combat!and!surveillance!operations!with!the!capability!to!organically!control!or!hand!off!control!to!3rd!party!operators.!The!primary!concept!will!be!to!consolidate!UAV!maintenance! and! support! at! an! offshore! location.! This!will!minimize! cost! by!eliminating! or! reducing! the! requirement! for! shore! based! launching,! fueling,! and!maintenance!facilities.!!It!will!allow!for!rapid!deployment!or!redeployment!to!areas!of!interest!and!it!will!move!UAV!support!operations!to!a!safer,!more!secure!location!and!will!simplify! the!supply!chain! for!parts!and! fuel.! !It!will!also!provide!the!Navy!with! a! platform! designed! to! take! advantage! of! the! rapidly! developing! field! of!unmanned!vehicles!and!will!position!the!fleet!to!be!prepared!for!future!missions.!!A!secondary! concept! will! be! to! consider! the! need! for! unmanned! surface! and!subsurface!vehicles!as!the!UV!Carrier!requirements!are!solidified.!!An!evaluation!of!the! projected! missions! and! needs! for! Unmanned! Surface! Vehicles! (USV)! and!Unmanned! Underwater! Vehicles! (UUV)! will! be! an! early! part! of! the! design!requirements!determination.!

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U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Market Forecast 2013-2018 ~ Market Research Media

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Why a UV Carrier?

•  To Carry out UV Missions •  Capability Gap

•  Potential UV Missions Ø  Intelligence, Surveillance,

and Reconnaissance (ISR) Ø  Air Defense (AD) Ø  Electronic Warfare (EW) Ø  Strike Ø  Mine Countermeasures

(MCM) Ø  Anti-Submarine Warfare

(ASW)

Ø  Surface Warfare (SUW) Ø  Maritime Security (MS) Ø  Maritime Interdiction

Operations (MIO) Ø  Special Operations Forces

Support (SOF) Ø  Amphibious Warfare

Support

Huge UAV GAP

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVs in Operation

USSV-HTF Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicle – High Tow Force

Black Fish

USSV-HS Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicle – High Speed

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVs in Operation

RAZOR

REMUS Remote Environmental Monitoring UnitS

SAUV Sonar Autonomous Undersea Vehicle

21 UUV 21 inch diameter Unmanned Undersea Vehicle

iRobot 1KA SEAGLIDER

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVs in Operation

HALE-D

X-47B

UCLASS - $2.5B Unmanned Carrier Launched Arial Surveillance and Strike

MQ-8B Fire Scout

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Design Priorities

MISSION Provide credible, sustainable, independent forward presence which will:

• Attack – land, air, surface, and undersea targets

• Protect – friendly forces ashore and afloat

• Support – sustained, global operations

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DESIGN PHILOSOPHY To build a carrier that enables and supports Unmanned Air, Sea, and Undersea Vehicles.

•  Enabling: Enable current and future (long term) unmanned system technology

•  Capability: Sustained UV Operations, maximizing operational capability (sortie rate, etc.), type and number of vehicles.

•  Presence: Long duration, strategic mobility, survivability

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Design Process

COST ($)

OM

OE

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Requirements Threshold Goal Actual Displacement (LT) 50,000 40,000 48,489

Speed (kts) 20 30+ 25.3

Range (NM) 6,500

(conventional) Unlimited (Nuclear)

Unlimited (Nuclear)

Endurance (days) 90 135 135

# UAVs 25 40 61 # USVs 5 10 10 # UUVs 5 10 10

Primary Variable Characteristics •  LOA •  Number of Flight Decks •  Launch and Recovery Systems •  Propulsion Plant •  Island

OM

OE

\ C

ost

Variant

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering

Hull Geometry and Structure

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LOA: 750 ft Beam: 124 ft Depth: 90 ft

11

Deformed shape of midship section under hogging wave conditions

Well Deck

Hangar / 2nd Flight Deck

UUV / USV Storage Hangar

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Plant

•  Nuclear Reactor •  50 MW Steam Turbine (Power Generation Modules) •  Integrated Power System (IPS) •  Medium Voltage DC ZEDS •  36.5 MW AIM (Propulsion Motor Modules) •  5 MW Diesel Generator (Emergency Power)

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Flight Deck Layout

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•  4 Runways •  Simultaneous Launch and

Recovery Operations

Runway B: 478 ft. Runway C: 200 ft.

Runway D: 200 ft.

Runway A: 826 ft. 0"10000"20000"30000"40000"50000"60000"70000"80000"

0" 0.5" 1" 1.5" 2" 2.5" 3" 3.5" 4" 4.5"

Weight'o

f'Airc

ra.'(lb

s)'

Force'From'EMALS'(G's)'

200'.'EMALS/Ski@Jump'Runway'

X- 47C (45,000 lb) Max Take Off Weight

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Flight Operations

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In (min:sec) CVN UVC Max Launch Time: 19:00 24:05 Max Recovery Time: 52:00 38:05

Simultaneous Launch and Recovery 4 Different Modes of Flight Operations Example Sortie Size: 27 aircraft

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Spots and Stops

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Pit Stop Structure

Spot Size = UAV X-47C (30 ft by 38 ft) or 0.87 of F/A-18E/F

Main FD Max Spots: 36 Actual Spots: 29 Secondary FD Max Spots: 40 Actual Spots: 32

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Internal View

Hangar Area: 75,000 ft2

Hangar Volume: 1,500,000 ft3 88 C-17 Loads Well Deck Area: 24,000 ft2

Well Deck Volume: 600,000 ft3 35 C-17 Loads

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Well Deck

Hangar

Engineering Spaces

2nd Flight Deck

UUV/USV Storage

UUV/USV Storage Area: 49,000 ft2

UUV/USV Storage Volume: 980,000 ft3

57 C-17 Loads C-17 Storage Volume: 17,000 ft3

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UV Storage and Handling

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UUV / USV Operations

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Cost

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Total  Cost  Comparison  

FORD Class ($B)   UVC ($B)

Lead Ship 12.3   6.4  

Follow Ship 9.0   4.5  

*Monetary value in FY08 dollars *CVN-78 data from Congressional Research Service report on Ford Class Aircraft Carrier Program

UVC Cost Breakdown   Lead Ship ($M)   Follow Ship ($M)  Plan Costs 900   183  

Basic Construction 4,492   3,669  

Change Orders 240   80  

Electronics 532   406  

Hull, Mechanical, Electrical 75   57  

Other Costs 102   77  

Ordnance 55   55  

Total 6,398   4,529  

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Performance Analyses

•  Structural –  ASSET –  POSSE –  Abaqus

•  Power and Resistance –  ASSET –  STAR-CCM+

•  Intact and Damaged Stability –  ASSET –  POSSE

•  Seakeeping –  ASSET –  MaxSurf –  LAMP

•  Launch and Recovery Envelopes –  MaxSurf –  LAMP

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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Conclusions

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•  Technically feasible solution to fill the Navy’s capability gap in the area of unmanned vehicles.

•  Enables the development and use of future technology.

•  Provides a stepping stone design to address future demand for unmanned systems in a maritime environment.

Recommendations for Future Work: •  Design and traffic control of the automated flight deck •  Feasibility of the second flight deck with regard to flight operations,

seakeeping, and structural integrity •  Future vehicle launch and recovery requirements

Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Questions?

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Nuclear Power Plant

Well Deck

2nd Flight Deck

EMALS/Ski Jump Combo

Vehicle Storage Decks

Efficient Flight Deck Layout

Ship Characteristics LBP 750 ft Beam 124 ft Draft 29.1 ft Full Load Displacement 48,489 LT Maximum Speed 25.3 kts Lead Ship Cost $6.5 billion Follow Ship Cost $4.6 billion Life Cycle Cost (10 ships) $132 billion

Communication Tower

Pit Stop

Navigation Tower