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The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the hospital D. Van Sassenbroeck MD, PhD, MSc

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Page 1: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

The unplanned patient.

Simulation of flow between the ED and the hospital

D. Van Sassenbroeck MD, PhD, MSc

Page 2: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

AZ Maria Middelares Gent

Beds: 550

Physicians: 166

Employees: 1.626

Admissions: 25.293

Day clinic: 23.080

2012 2015

Page 3: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

Will the new emergency department be large enough ?

2013

22000 patients

# patients: + 3 %/y in the last 8 years

+ 4,5 – 8% in the last 3 years

40% of all admissions

Base principle for admissions: unplanned is via the ED

Page 4: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

2014 2015

Resuscitation 2 2

Diagnostic 5 6

Paediatric 2 2

Observation 10 4

Triage/intake 0 1

Fast track 3 5

Psychiatric 1 1

# positions 23 21

# beds 19 14

Will the new emergency department be large enough ?

Page 5: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

Capacity:

~ number of new patients

~ lenght of stay (LOS)

~ pattern of presentation

# new patients/d LOS capacity pattern

1 24h 1

2 12h 1 serial

8 6h 2 serial

Will the new emergency department be large enough ?

Page 6: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

Discrete Event Modeling

Descibes how an object (patient) moves in an environment via a series

of subsequent processes

Input: Time: step by step sequence of processes

Every proces takes time (lenght of stay, intervention time)

Different pathways: by chance

start

Proces 2

(time)

stop Pattern over

time

Proces 1

(time)

chance

Page 7: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

Output:

capacity generates waiting times (bottlenecks)

‘What if’ analysis

start

Process 2

(time)

stop Pattern over

time

Process 1

(time)

chance

Page 8: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

observed (2)

observed (1)

+2,5% projectie groei

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

tijd (u)

# n

ieu

we

ptn

/u

2008

projectie 2015

projectie 2020

projectie 2025

59ptn/d

start

Process 2

(time)

stop Pattern over

time

Process 1

(time)

chance

Page 9: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

# occupied ED beds at any moment

median 7/14

P90 12/14

23% day/y >14 beds needed

3% pts/d without a free bed upon arrival

For 59 pts/d

No reserved beds for pediatrics

No observation beds

No secundary transfers via ED

Max boarding time is 1 hour

No diagnostics for 10% of the admitted pts

Page 10: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

The ED is too small!

So, long live the Acute Observation Ward !

Observation is by definition the use of appropriate

monitoring, diagnostic testing, therapy, and assessment of

patient symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, and response to

therapy for the purpose of determining whether a patient

will require further treatment as an inpatient or can be

discharged form the hospital setting.

The duration of observation status is expected to be from

8-24 hours. Prior studies indicate that observation unit care

can improve outcomes and improve cost effectiveness

compared to routine care.

Page 12: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

So, long live the Acute Observation Ward !

But how large should it be ?

New discrete event simulation model

4734 ED patients

57% ambulatory

43% admissions

33% special (ICU, CCU/MC, stroke, ped, psy)

67% AOW (= 29% ED population)

<12h 5%

12-24h 1%

24-36h 16%

36-48h 4%

>48h 74%

Page 13: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

How large ?

P25 27

P50 35

P75 40

P90 46

Max 55

So, long live the Acute Observation Ward !

home

ward

AOW special

Page 14: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

Overcrowding = outflow problem, problem of hospital organisation,

inefficient planning

N Engl J Med 355;13, 2006

IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings.

JCI Accreditation Standards for Hospitals, 5th Edition

Welkom!

[…]Resultaten als minder opnamestops, rust op verpleegafdelingen, kortere

verpleegduur en snellere diagnostiek worden steeds vaker aangetoond.

Vraagstukken als de ideale opleiding tot AOA-verpleegkundige, de

achilleshiel: de doorstroming naar de verpleegafdeling en mogelijkheden

om patiëntveiligheid verder te vergroten met een AOA zijn zeer actueel.

http://www.acuteopnameafdeling.nl/

Page 16: The unplanned patient. Simulation of flow between the ED and the … · 2019-01-08 · IHI Optimizing Patient Flow: Moving Patients Smoothly Through Acute Care Settings. JCI Accreditation

And now, 2014

1. Special: ICU, CCU/MC, stroke, pediatrics, psychiatrics

2. Pathology absolutely restircted to one ward

e.g. Parkinson with problems in swallowing

capacity planning required

input by both physicians, surgeons and head nurses

3. Relatively restricted pathology

Hosptial beds divided according to activity of specialism

4. Acute observation ward

standard diagnostic problems,

e.g. Atypical chest pain, atypical abdominal pain,

commotio cerebri

estimated LOS in the hospital < 48h