The Urinary System

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Anatomy & Histology

FINAL ROUND

Urine Production

Regulation Urine Movement Grab Bag

Anatomy and Histology:

$100 Question

This urinary system organ removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure:

a. liver

b. heart

c. kidney

d. lungs

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ANSWER

Anatomy and Histology:

$100 Answer

This urinary system organ removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure:

a. liver

b. heart

c. kidney

d. lungs

BACK TO GAME

Anatomy and Histology:

$200 Question

This is the basic histological and functional unit of the kidney:

a. glomerulus

b. filtration membrane

c. nephron

d. podocyte

e. renal corpuscleBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Anatomy and Histology:

$200 Answer

This is the basic histological and functional unit of the kidney:

a. glomerulus

b. filtration membrane

c. nephron

d. podocyte

e. renal corpuscle

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Anatomy and Histology:

$300 Question

The major calyces of the kidney converge to form this enlarged channel:

a. renal fascia

b. renal pelvis

c. renal pyramids

d. renal papillae

e. renal sinus

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ANSWER

Anatomy and Histology:

$300 Answer

The major calyces of the kidney converge to form this enlarged channel:

a. renal fascia

b. renal pelvis

c. renal pyramids

d. renal papillae

e. renal sinus

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Anatomy and Histology:

$400 Question

The juxtaglomerular cells of the _____________ and the macula densa cells of the _____________ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

a. afferent arteriole, distal tubule

b. afferent arteriole, proximal tubule

c. efferent arteriole, proximal tubule

d. efferent arteriole, distal tubule

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ANSWER

Anatomy and Histology:

$400 Answer

The juxtaglomerular cells of the _____________ and the macula densa cells of the _____________ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

a. afferent arteriole, distal tubule

b. afferent arteriole, proximal tubule

c. efferent arteriole, proximal tubule

d. efferent arteriole, distal tubule

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Anatomy and Histology:

$500 Question

Given these parts of a nephron:

1. renal corpuscle 2. collecting duct 3. loop of Henle 4. distal tubule 5. proximal tubule

Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron.

a. 1,5,3,4,2 c. 2,1,4,5,3

b. 2,4,1,3,5 d. 4,2,3,5,1 BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Anatomy and Histology:

$500 Answer

Given these parts of a nephron:

1. renal corpuscle 2. collecting duct 3. loop of Henle 4. distal tubule 5. proximal tubule

Arrange the parts in order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron.

a. 1,5,3,4,2 c. 2,1,4,5,3

b. 2,4,1,3,5 d. 4,2,3,5,1 BACK TO GAME

Urine Production:

$100 Question

This process of urine production is the active transport of solutes across the walls of the nephron into the filtrate:

a. filtration

b. tubular reabsorption

c. tubular secretion

d. filtration fraction

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ANSWER

Urine Production:

$100 Answer

This process of urine production is the active transport of solutes across the walls of the nephron into the filtrate:

a. filtration

b. tubular reabsorption

c. tubular secretion

d. filtration fraction

BACK TO GAME

Urine Production:

$200 Question

These substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane:

a. hemoglobin

b. water

c. sodium ions

d. bicarbonate ions

e. glucoseBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Urine Production:

$200 Answer

These substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane:

a. hemoglobin

b. water

c. sodium ions

d. bicarbonate ions

e. glucose

BACK TO GAME

Urine Production:

$300 Question

By the time the filtrate reaches this, the glucose is usually completely reabsorbed:

a. the end of the proximal tubule

b. the tip of the loop of Henle

c. the end of the distal tubule

d. the end of the collecting duct

e. Bowman's capsule

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ANSWER

Urine Production:

$300 Answer

By the time the filtrate reaches this, the glucose is usually completely reabsorbed:

a. the end of the proximal tubule

b. the tip of the loop of Henle

c. the end of the distal tubule

d. the end of the collecting duct

e. Bowman's capsule

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Urine Production:

$400 Question

A decrease in systemic blood pressure results in dilation of the afferent arterioles which prevents a decrease in renal blood flow and filtration pressure.

True/False

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ANSWER

Urine Production:

$400 Answer

A decrease in systemic blood pressure results in dilation of the afferent arterioles which prevents a decrease in renal blood flow and filtration pressure.

True/False

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Urine Production:

$500 Question

Drinking a large amount of beer results in this:

a. increased aldosterone secretion

b. increased permeability of the collecting ducts of the nephrons

c. decreased urine osmolality

d. increased urine volume

e. both c and dBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Urine Production:

$500 Answer

Drinking a large amount of beer results in this:

a. increased aldosterone secretion

b. increased permeability of the collecting ducts of the nephrons

c. decreased urine osmolality

d. increased urine volume

e. both c and dBACK TO GAME

Regulation:

$100 Question

This hormone secreted by the kidney triggers a cascade that regulates blood Na+ and blood pressure:

a. erythropoietin

b. vasopressin

c. renin

d. angiotensin

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ANSWER

Regulation:

$100 Answer

This hormone secreted by the kidney triggers a cascade that regulates blood Na+ and blood pressure:

a. erythropoietin

b. vasopressin

c. renin

d. angiotensin

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Regulation:

$200 Question

This effect is caused by increased aldosterone levels:

a. increased reabsorption of Na+

b. decreased blood volume

c. decreased reabsorption of Cl-

d. increased permeability of the distal tubule to water

e. increased volume of urineBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Regulation:

$200 Answer

This effect is caused by increased aldosterone levels:

a. increased reabsorption of Na+

b. decreased blood volume

c. decreased reabsorption of Cl-

d. increased permeability of the distal tubule to water

e. increased volume of urineBACK TO GAME

Regulation:

$300 Question

Diuretics affect the urine in this manner:

a. decrease the urine flow

b. increase the urine flow

c. increase the cellular composition of the urine

d. none of the above

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ANSWER

Regulation:

$300 Answer

Diuretics affect the urine in this manner:

a. decrease the urine flow

b. increase the urine flow

c. increase the cellular composition of the urine

d. none of the above

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Regulation:

$400 Question

This statement best describes principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct:

a. secrete renin

b. respond to ADH and aldosterone

c. respond to ADH only

d. respond to aldosterone only

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ANSWER

Regulation:

$400 Answer

This statement best describes principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct:

a. secrete renin

b. respond to ADH and aldosterone

c. respond to ADH only

d. respond to aldosterone only

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Regulation:

$500 Question

Putting a patient with hypertension on a low-sodium diet would have this effect:

a. reduces the osmolality of blood

b. ADH secretion is inhibited

c. produces dilute urine and eliminates water

d. reduces blood volume and blood pressure

e. all of these

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ANSWER

Regulation:

$500 Answer

Putting a patient with hypertension on a low-sodium diet would have this effect:

a. reduces the osmolality of blood

b. ADH secretion is inhibited

c. produces dilute urine and eliminates water

d. reduces blood volume and blood pressure

e. all of these BACK TO GAME

Urine Movement:

$100 Question

This small tube leads from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body:

a. renal pelvis

b. ureter

c. urethra

d. calyx

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ANSWER

Urine Movement:

$100 Answer

This small tube leads from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body:

a. renal pelvis

b. ureter

c. urethra

d. calyx

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Urine Movement:

$200 Question

This is the principal function of the ureter:

a. transport blood to the efferent arterioles

b. transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder

c. transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis

d. none of the aboveBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Urine Movement:

$200 Answer

This is the principal function of the ureter:

a. transport blood to the efferent arterioles

b. transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder

c. transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis

d. none of the above

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Urine Movement:

$300 Question

The urinary bladder can contain 1 L of urine, but discomfort becomes noticeable when the volume exceeds 500mL.

True/False

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ANSWER

Urine Movement:

$300 Answer

The urinary bladder can contain 1 L of urine, but discomfort becomes noticeable when the volume exceeds 500mL.

True/False

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Urine Movement:

$400 Question

The urinary bladder is lined with this tissue:

a. simple cuboidal epithelium

b. simple columnar epithelium

c. smooth muscle

d. transitional epithelium

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ANSWER

Urine Movement:

$400 Answer

The urinary bladder is lined with this tissue:

a. simple cuboidal epithelium

b. simple columnar epithelium

c. smooth muscle

d. transitional epithelium

BACK TO GAME

Urine Movement: $500 Question

This triangular area of the urinary bladder is between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly:

a. external urinary sphincter

b. internal urinary sphincter

c. smooth muscle

d. transitional epithelium

e. trigone BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Urine Movement: $500 Answer

This triangular area of the urinary bladder is between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly:

a. external urinary sphincter

b. internal urinary sphincter

c. smooth muscle

d. transitional epithelium

e. trigoneBACK TO GAME

Grab Bag:

$100 Question

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney through this:

a. renal hilus

b. renal sinus

c. renal calyces

d. adrenal glands

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ANSWER

Grab Bag:

$100 Answer

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney through this:

a. renal hilus

b. renal sinus

c. renal calyces

d. adrenal glands

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Grab Bag:

$200 Question

The cortex of the kidney contains this:

a. hilus

b. glomeruli

c. perirenal fat

d. renal pyramids

e. renal pelvis

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ANSWER

Grab Bag:

$200 Answer

The cortex of the kidney contains this:

a. hilus

b. glomeruli

c. perirenal fat

d. renal pyramids

e. renal pelvis

BACK TO GAME

Grab Bag:

$300 Question

Water leaves the nephron by this mechanism:

a. active transport

b. filtration into the capillary network

c. osmosis

d. facilitated diffusion

e. cotransportBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Grab Bag:

$300 Answer

Water leaves the nephron by this mechanism:

a. active transport

b. filtration into the capillary network

c. osmosis

d. facilitated diffusion

e. cotransportBACK TO GAME

Grab Bag:

$400 Question

This condition reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus:

a. elevated blood pressure

b. constriction of the afferent arterioles

c. decreased plasma protein in the glomerulus

d. dilation of the afferent arterioles

e. decreased capsule pressureBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Grab Bag:

$400 Answer

This condition reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus:

a. elevated blood pressure

b. constriction of the afferent arterioles

c. decreased plasma protein in the glomerulus

d. dilation of the afferent arterioles

e. decreased capsule pressureBACK TO GAME

Grab Bag:

$500 Question

Given these vessels: 1. arcuate vein 2. afferent arteriole 3. efferent arteriole 4. interlobular vein 5. peritubular capillaries

Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.

a. 1,2,4,5,3 b. 2,3,5,4,1

c. 4,2,5,3,1 d. 5,2,4,1,3 BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Grab Bag:

$500 Answer

Given these vessels: 1. arcuate vein 2. afferent arteriole 3. efferent arteriole 4. interlobular vein 5. peritubular capillaries

Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.

a. 1,2,4,5,3 b. 2,3,5,4,1

c. 4,2,5,3,1 d. 5,2,4,1,3BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

Prednisone is a steroid that reduces inflammation and is used to treat autoimmune diseases. It has some aldosterone-like effects on the kidney and has this effect on the body:

a. increases Na+ absorption

b. increases blood volume

c. increases blood pressure

d. causes edema

e. all of theseBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

Prednisone is a steroid that reduces inflammation and is used to treat autoimmune diseases. It has some aldosterone-like effects on the kidney and has this effect on the body:

a. increases Na+ absorption

b. increases blood volume

c. increases blood pressure

d. causes edema

e. all of theseBACK TO GAME