The Urinary System

By: Megan Schmidt Natalie Arana Chelsea Day

Samantha Sanchez

What is the Urinary System?

0 The Urinary System is also called the Urinary Tract or Excretory system.

0 It is the organ system that produces, stores, and releases the urine.

0 Located within the abdomen, the Urinary System includes the following organs :

- Two Kidneys - Two Ureters - A bladder- A urethra - A sphincter

The Purpose of the Urinary System

0 The purpose of this system is to keep chemicals and water in balance and remove a waste called Urea.

-Urea : also known as carbamide, is the waste produced after metabolizing protein. This chemical compound is found in Urine and formed in the Kidneys. 0 It is concerned with filtering excess fluid and other

things from the blood stream.0 The filtered out substances are called Urine.

Urinary System and its Function

The Kidneys

0Located on either side of the lungs0These are the main organs in the system.

They filter wastes from the blood and maintain water and PH balance.

0 It keeps the saltwater balanced in the body0 Is about 10 centimeters long0 It is actually a mass of tiny tubes0Each tube is a knot of capillaries0Helps to regulate blood pressure

Inside of the Kidneys

0The inside of the Kidneys consist of :0The Medulla- This is used to keep the salt and water

balanced in the blood0The cortex- is part of the urinary system and it is the

outer part of the kidney. This is where blood is filtered.

0Nephrons- this is where actual removal of wastes occurs in tiny units inside the kidneys. There are about 1 million in each kidney. It is the functional unit of the Kidneys.

Diagram of Kidney

Arteries ,Veins, and Glands0 There are renal veins that carry blood

away from the kidneys after filtration. (the blue tube in the picture)

0 There is also a renal artery that brings blood to the kidneys for filtration (the red tube in the picture)

0 The adrenal glands rest on top of the kidneys and produce numerous hormones that impact our development and growth, affect our ability to deal with stress, and help to regulate kidney function.

Ureters

0 The two tubes which guide the urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

0 It is from 25 to 30 cm in length and is a thin walled tube that is very narrow.

Bladder0 It is the organ that collects

the urine excreted by the kidneys before the Urine leaves the body.

0 It can be compared to like a sac 0 It is about the size of a pear0 When the bladder contracts two

valves open that allow the urine to flow out.

0 Connected to the bladder is the sphincter which is a muscle that is unconsciously tightened so urine cannot pass when not needed to but expands when you are ready to use the bathroom

Urethra

0 The passage at which urine leaves the body

0 The Urethra connects to the bladder.

0 The urethra of a man is 8 inches long

0 The urethra of a woman is 1.5 inches long.

0 The Urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Different parts

DISEASES!

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)0 How to check if you have a UTI: 0 Your doctor will ask for a sample of your urine. It is tested to see if it has germs that cause bladder infections.

0 What part it affects:0 Urinary Tract

0 Disease terminal or can it be cured:0 Antibiotics prescribed by your doctor will usually cure a bladder infection. It may help to drink lots of water and other

fluids and to urinate often, emptying your bladder each time

0 Symptoms:0 You feel pain or burning when you urinate, you feel like you have to urinate often, but not much urine comes out when

you do, Your belly feels tender or heavy, Your urine is cloudy or smells bad, You have pain on one side of your back under your ribs. This is where your kidneys are, You have fever and chills, You have nausea and vomiting.

0 How do you get this disease? 0 Holding in the urine too long, Cleaning incorrectly

0 Who gets it? 0 Both men and women can get a UTI, but women are most likely to get it.

Kidney Stones

0A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.

Symptoms

0 Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back0 Pain may move to groin area (groin pain) or testicles

(testicle pain)0 Other symptoms can include:0 Abnormal urine color0 Blood in the urine0 Chills0 Fever0 Nausea0 Vomiting

Questions0 What it does to your system:0 Decrease or loss of function in the affected kidney0 Kidney damage, scarring0 Obstruction of the ureter0 Recurrence of stones0 Urinary tract infection

0 How do you get it0 Not drinking enough water. substances in the urine can stick together and

form a stone.0 Other Medical conditions can affect the normal balance and cause stones to

form.

0 Who gets it?0 Kidney stones are common. Some types run in families. They often occur in

premature infants.0 kidney stones can run in families, as stones often occur in family members

over several generations.

Treatment0 Kidney stones that are small usually pass on their

own. 0 Drink at least 6 - 8 glasses of water per day to

produce a large amount of urine. See also: Kidney stones - self-care

0 Pain can be severe enough to need narcotic pain relievers. Some people with severe pain from kidney stones need to stay in the hospital. You may need to get fluids through a vein (intravenous).

0 doctor may prescribe medicine to decrease stone formation or help break down and remove the material that is causing the stone. Medications can include:

0 Surgery is usually needed if:0 The stone is too large to pass on its own0 The stone is growing0 The stone is blocking urine flow and causing an

infection or kidney damage0 The pain cannot be controlled

Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence- the loss of bladder control0 It affects bladder0 It can be cured

Treatment:0Behavioral techniques0physical therapy0Medications0Medical devices0 Interventional therapies0Surgery

Symptoms:0 Stress incontinence.0 Urge incontinence0 Overflow incontinence0 Mixed incontinence0 Functional incontinence0 Total incontinence

Causes:0 Alcohol 0 Overhydration0 Caffeine0 Bladder irritation0 Medications0 ANYONE CAN GET IT!!!!!!!

Careers 0 Nephrologists-Diagnosing and treating kidney-related illness or disease includes evaluating patients,

performing kidney transplantation and administering dialysis treatments. Necessary education to become nephrologists you must have a medical doctoral degree, completion of an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, internal medicine residency program and at least two years of professional experience working with patients. A two- to three-year fellowship in nephrology and an additional exam through the through the ABIM is required to be certified in the nephrology specialty. The average national salary of $146,000 per year for this occupation

0 urologist- is a medical doctor who has opted to s pecialize in urinary disease and treatments. A urologist examines patients and treats conditions like kidney stones, incontinence, urinary tract infections and benign tumors and blockages. They also look at conditions such as impotence and infertility because the urinary pathway is the same pathway by which sperm travels out of the body in males, and because bacteria may travel from the urinary tract into the reproductive tract in females. Graduation from a medical school approved by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education or a school of osteopathy approved by the American Osteopathic Association; Five years of clinical postgraduate education is required, including 1 to 2 years in general surgery, followed by 3 to 4 years in a urology residency program. These doctors make anywhere from $325,200 to $426,000 a year.

0 urology oncologist - thus is a doctor who concentrates on cancers of the urinary system. These doctors determine what kind of cancer is in the urinary system and make a plan for how to treat it. They may prescribe chemotherapy or radiation and sometimes perform surgery to remove cancerous tumors.  4-year bachelor's program, complete a 4-year medical school program, and complete 3-8 years of internships and residencies. Urology oncologists have a salary median of $258,229

Bibliography

0<http://www.encyclopedia.com >. 0http

://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stone/article.htm 0http://

www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-incontinence/DS00404

0http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001549/

0http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/picture-of-the-bladder