The U.S. Industrial Revolution

What is Industrialization?REVIEW

• Moving from farms to factories!

• Industrialism – a change in production from hand craftsmanship to machine manufacturing

Industrial BeginningsREVIEW

• Began in Britain

• Right place and time– Had water to create canals (ship raw

materials and goods)– Had PEOPLE and urban pop. to work– Gov’t was stable!

• U.S. had similar resources as Britain

Summary of U.S. Industrialization

• Technological innovations and the growth of the railroad industry help fuel an industrial boom. Some business leaders follow corrupt practices, and workers, suffering harsh working conditions, try to organize.

Key Idea #1

• Industry booms as natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel technological development

What is a Market?

• A place to buy and sell goods

Key Idea #2

• The growth and consolidation of the railroads benefit the nation but lead to corruption and regulation (new rules).

GREEDY BUSINESS MEN!

What is Consolidation?

• Combining two or more corporations

Key Idea #3

• The expansion of industry results in the growth of big business and in the formation of unions by laborers seeking to better their working conditions and pay.

Why the U.S.?• Wealth of natural resources

– Oil, coal, iron

• Government support for business– Laissez faire (business owners could make decisions)

• Growing urban pop’n (cheap labor and markets for new products)

• Improved transportation expanded trade from coast to coast – also resulted in the opening of international

markets allowed the US to export goods– brought about major societal changes – in comes

the modern age and international relations (trade!)

BLACK GOLD (OIL)

• It wasn’t until Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil that it became practical and an oil boom began

• Converted to kerosene – used for heating and lighting (the gasoline part of oil was actually thrown away until cars became popular!!!)

Invention and Innovation

• Inventions aided industrialism - machines took over tasks once done by hand

• New inventions/New job markets– Typewriters and telephones open up job market to

women

Steel is King

• Henry Bessemer, perfected the steel making process, making steel both easy and cost effective to produce

• Railroads – now have durable steel rails that carry heavier cars

• Skyscrapers – as urban centers grow and become crowded, taller buildings created more space

Historic Converter

Electricity

• Electricity becomes widespread

• Electricity = time-saving appliances, streetcars allowed outward spread of cities

• Electricity = factories could be located wherever they wanted (not just by water!)