the u.s. military and the history of computing war! what is it good for? absolutely nothing! -edwin...
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The U.S. Military and the The U.S. Military and the History of ComputingHistory of Computing
War! War! What is it good for? What is it good for? Absolutely Nothing!Absolutely Nothing!
-Edwin Starr-Edwin Starr
Necessity is the mother of…Necessity is the mother of…
Thank the U.S. Thank the U.S. Military for: Military for: Game consolesGame consoles Cell phonesCell phones InternetInternet OnStar and GPSOnStar and GPS iPodsiPods Personal ComputersPersonal Computers Digital camerasDigital cameras EmailEmail Text messagingText messaging
Manual CalculatorsManual Calculators
1200 BC - The abacus1200 BC - The abacus 1600 AD – John Napier & 1600 AD – John Napier &
Napier’s BonesNapier’s Bones 1621 AD – William Oughtred 1621 AD – William Oughtred
Slide RuleSlide Rule
Napier’s BonesNapier’s Bones
Napier’s BonesNapier’s Bones
http://nrich.maths.org/public/terms.php
Mechanical CalculatorsMechanical Calculators
1500 AD - Da Vinci sketches a 1500 AD - Da Vinci sketches a mechanical calculatormechanical calculator
1623 – Wilhelm Schickard’s 1623 – Wilhelm Schickard’s CalculatorCalculator
1642 – Blaise Pascal invents 1642 – Blaise Pascal invents the Pascalinethe Pascaline
1673 – Gottfried W. von 1673 – Gottfried W. von Leibniz CalculatorLeibniz Calculator
1800 - Joseph-Marie 1800 - Joseph-Marie Jacquard's loomJacquard's loom
Photos courtesy IBMPhotos courtesy IBM
Schickard’s CalculatorSchickard’s Calculator
Jacquard's loomJacquard's loom
Jacquard's loomJacquard's loom
Mechanical CalculatorsMechanical Calculators
1822 – Charles Babbage creates the 1822 – Charles Babbage creates the Difference Engine and designs the Difference Engine and designs the Analytical EngineAnalytical Engine
1890 – Herman Hollerith created the 1890 – Herman Hollerith created the Hollerith Tabulating Machine for the 1890 Hollerith Tabulating Machine for the 1890 CensusCensus
Faster and ElectronicFaster and Electronic
1937 – Alan Turing invents the Turing 1937 – Alan Turing invents the Turing machinemachine
1937-42 – John Atanasoff- Clifford Berry 1937-42 – John Atanasoff- Clifford Berry Create the ABC MachineCreate the ABC Machine
1938 – Konrad Zuse developed the Z31938 – Konrad Zuse developed the Z3 1944 - Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper 1944 - Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper
build the Harvard Mark I Computerbuild the Harvard Mark I Computer
Military DilemmasMilitary Dilemmas
I can’t see the enemy.I can’t see the enemy. The earth really is The earth really is
round!round! What is 50 MPH?What is 50 MPH? Hello? Is there anyone Hello? Is there anyone
out there? Can anyone out there? Can anyone hear me.hear me.
Photo courtesy of Hasbro
Weapons of WarWeapons of War Increased rangeIncreased range Increased speedIncreased speed Advanced flightAdvanced flight Industrial ageIndustrial age Increasingly complex Increasingly complex
engineering and engineering and manufacturingmanufacturing
Advanced Advanced communicationscommunications
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia
Firing TablesFiring Tables
1943-45 – ENIAC1943-45 – ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and ComputerElectronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Used to create firing tablesUsed to create firing tables 10 feet tall10 feet tall 1,000 square feet of floor space1,000 square feet of floor space Weighed 30 tonsWeighed 30 tons 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000
switches, and 18,000 vacuum tubesswitches, and 18,000 vacuum tubes
ENIACENIAC
http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/
ENIACENIAC
http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/
ENIACENIAC
http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/
ENIACENIAC
http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/
ENIACENIAC
While ENIAC did make calculating firing While ENIAC did make calculating firing tables easier, ENIAC was not being used tables easier, ENIAC was not being used to it’s full potential.to it’s full potential.
A scientist named John Von Neumann A scientist named John Von Neumann wanted to calculate the maximum yield for wanted to calculate the maximum yield for the new bomb being created and asked to the new bomb being created and asked to use ENIAC because it was faster than the use ENIAC because it was faster than the Mark I. The calculated results were Mark I. The calculated results were unbelievable.unbelievable.
The Trinity BombThe Trinity Bomb
Photo courtesy of The National Archives
WolfpacksWolfpacks
http://www.lewrockwell.com
EnigmaEnigma
CryptographyCryptography Enigma and Lorenz Enigma and Lorenz
machinesmachines Geheimschreiber and Geheimschreiber and
FISHFISH
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia
ColossusColossus
No longer just an No longer just an adding machineadding machine
First electronic digital First electronic digital programmable programmable computercomputer
Limited programmingLimited programming After the war it was After the war it was
ordered to be ordered to be destroyeddestroyed
Future of TechnologyFuture of Technology
After WW2 population became educatedAfter WW2 population became educated The Military took a major initiative in The Military took a major initiative in
technology developmenttechnology development Hollerith showed the business world Hollerith showed the business world
money could be made with technology money could be made with technology developmentdevelopment
Tradition of eccentric hobbyists continue to Tradition of eccentric hobbyists continue to this day- Apple IIthis day- Apple II
Would you have invested?Would you have invested?
Lab AssignmentLab Assignment
Write a 2-3 page about Alan TuringWrite a 2-3 page about Alan Turing
LinksLinks
http://enigmaco.de/index-enigma.htmlhttp://enigmaco.de/index-enigma.html http://http://
users.telenet.be/d.rijmenants/en/enigmasiusers.telenet.be/d.rijmenants/en/enigmasim.htmm.htm
http://www.tux.org/~bagleyd/java/AbacusAhttp://www.tux.org/~bagleyd/java/AbacusApp.htmlpp.html
http://www.antiquark.com/sliderule/sim/n5http://www.antiquark.com/sliderule/sim/n525es/virtual-n525-es.html25es/virtual-n525-es.html
http://http://www.internettutorials.net/boolean.htmlwww.internettutorials.net/boolean.html