The use of “It” for The use of “It” for EmphasisEmphasis

Find out some sentence with ‘it’ in the text ‘Modern Agriculture’. 1.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.

(paragraph 1)

2. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. (paragraph 2)

3.It was developed using a technique know as GM.

(paragraph 4)  (it is not for Emphasis)

1.The First World Agriculture Conference was held in 1908 in Rome, Italy.

2.China imported the first tractor from the United States in 1910.3. A plane was used to spray poison to kill insects in 1918 in the USA..4. DDT was used to kill insects in 1938 in Switzerland.5.The UN founded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945. 6. People stopped using DDT in 1972 in the USA.7. China exported agricultural technology to the USA in 1980.

The historical events about agriculture

1.The First World Agriculture Conference was held in 1908 in Rome, Italy.

It was in 1908 that the First World Agriculture Conference was held in Rome, Italy.

2.China imported the first tractor from the United States in 1910. It was in 1910 that China imported the first tractor from the United States.. 3. A plane was used to spray poison to kill insects in 1918 in the USA. It was in the USA that A plane was used to spray poison to kill insects in 1918.

in 1908

in 1910

in the USA

4. DDT was used to kill insects in 1938 in Switzerland. It was in Switzerland that DDT was used to kill insects in 1938. 5. The UN founded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945. It was the UN that founded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945.

6. People stopped using DDT in 1972 in the USA. It was DDT that People stopped using in 1972 in the USA.

7. China exported agricultural technology to the USA in 1980. It was agricultural technology that China exported to the USA in 1980.

Translate the following into Chinese and find out difference and sameness :

1. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of china.2. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.3. It was they who/that cleaned the classroom yesterday.4. It was in the street that I met her father.5. It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness.

1. 写这本书的人就是玛丽。

2. 这个就是长满了美丽的鲜花的花园。

3. 她就是擅长唱歌的女孩。

4. 那就是他叔叔移居纽约的原因。

5. 错的人是我。

Translate the following sentences into English

Mary wrote this book.

the garden many beautiful flowers grow in.

the girl is good at singing.

for this reason his uncle moved out of New York.

I am wrong.

It is who

It is that

It is who

It was that

It is who

　 Note: 　　 a. 在强调句型中，若被强调部分指人， 可以用关系代词 who 或 that ； 若被强调的是状语，只能用 that ， 不能用 when 或 where 。　　 b. 注意与“ It is /was…that +clause” 主语从句的区别。　　 强调句型与 it 作形式主语 ,that 从句 作真正主语十分相似，但 主语从句中 It is /was 后通常用名词 或形容词作表语。 强调句型中 It is /was 后是对主语、 宾语或状语的强调成分。

强调句结构强调句结构 强调句结构是强调句结构是 it it 引导的句子引导的句子 ::

It is (was)+ It is (was)+ 被强调部分被强调部分 + that (who) + + that (who) + 句子其他部分句子其他部分 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。 Eg: Eg:

原句原句 : : Mr. ZhouMr. Zhou did did the experimentthe experiment in the labin the lab

yesterday eveningyesterday evening..

强调主语： 强调主语： It was It was Mr. ZhouMr. Zhou who / that did the who / that did the

experiment in the lab yesterday evening.experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调宾语： 强调宾语： It was It was the experimentthe experiment that Mr. Zhou did that Mr. Zhou did in the lab yesterday evening. in the lab yesterday evening.

• 强调时间： 强调时间： It was It was yesterday eveningyesterday evening that that

Mr. Zhou did the experiment in Mr. Zhou did the experiment in

the lab. the lab. (( 注意不用注意不用 when)when)

• 强调地点： 强调地点： It was It was in the labin the lab that Mr. Zhou that Mr. Zhou

did the experiment yesterday did the experiment yesterday

evening. evening. (( 注意不用注意不用 where)where)

原句： 原句： II met met Mr. GreenMr. Green in the partin the part the daythe day before yesterdaybefore yesterday..强调主语强调主语 : : It wasIt was II that / whothat / who met Mr. Green in th met Mr. Green in th

e part the day before yesterday.e part the day before yesterday.强调宾语强调宾语 : : It wasIt was Mr. GreenMr. Green that /who that /who I I met in the met in the part the day before yesterday.part the day before yesterday.强调地点状语强调地点状语 : : It wasIt was in the partin the part thatthat I I met Mr. met Mr. Green the day before yesterday.Green the day before yesterday.强调时间状语强调时间状语 : : It wasIt was the day before yesterdaythe day before yesterday tt

hathat I I met Mr. Green in the park.met Mr. Green in the park.

• 强调句的连词只有两个，强调句的连词只有两个， thatthat 和和 whowho 。当强调的部分是。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “ who”who” ，其余用 ，其余用

thatthat 。。• 怎样判断强调句怎样判断强调句 ?--- ?--- 若是强调句，去掉若是强调句，去掉 'It be… that’'It be… that’ 还应是一个完整的句子。还应是一个完整的句子。 若不是强调句若不是强调句 ,, 去掉 “去掉 “ It is…that”It is…that” 就不是一个完整的句子。就不是一个完整的句子。Eg:Eg: It is ten years It is ten years Miss Green returned to Miss Green returned to Canada. Canada. A. thatA. that 　　 B. whenB. when 　 　 C. sinceC. since 　 　 D. asD. as

C. since

• Practice

Rewrite these sentences, emphasising the

underlined parts.

EXAMPLE: The farmers produce the food for the whole population of China on this arable land.

It is on this arable land that the farmers produce the food for the whole population of China

• Practice

Rewrite these sentences, emphasising the

underlined parts.

1.The children often help their parents do the farm work.

It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work.

2. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.

It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.

3. The biggest problem of China farmers is the shortage of arable land.

It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers.

4.The plants grown in greenhouses are protected from the wind, rain and insects.It is the plants grown in the greenhouses that are

protected from the wind,, rain and insects.

• 5.Future agriculture should depend on 5.Future agriculture should depend on

high technology as well as traditional high technology as well as traditional

methodsmethods..

It isIt is high technology as well as high technology as well as

traditional methodstraditional methods thatthat future future

agriculture should depend on agriculture should depend on

Tell the function of “it”in the sentences1. It is difficult to remember all their names.2. It’s very quiet in the house.3. He made it clear that he did not want to speak to me.4. It was nice seeing you.5. It was three miles from here to the nearest post office.6. It was on Tuesday that Mrs. Smith came.7. It rained for three days.8. A tall man stood stood up and shook hands. It was captain Cook.9. It was five o’clock when we got back home yesterday.10.I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me?

“It” here is used as ……. “It” refers to …….

Complete the sentences, paying attention to the structures of them and the use of “it”.

1. ___________ （据报道） that dozens of children died in the accident.2. ___________ （真遗憾） that he can not swim at his age.3. ___________ ( 很可能） that they will beat us tonight.4. ___________ ( 看来） that he enjoys pop songs very much.5. ___________ ( 还不确定） whether he can attend the conference or not.6. It is important ______________________( 我们学英语） .7. It is kind _______________________ （你帮助我） .8. It took me five days ________________ （解决这问题 ).9. It is no use ______________________ （与她争论 ).10. It is up to you _______________________ （决定是否接受这项工作） .

Multiple Choices1. It was not __ she took off her dark glasses ___ I realised she was a famous film star. A. when, that B. until, that C. until, when D. when then 2. It was about 600 years ago ______ the first clock with a face an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when3. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert. A. it you B. not you C. your D. that yourself 4. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as a international language. A. There B. This C. That D. it

BB

AA

AA

DD

5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ did not help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 6. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, _____ did not help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 7. _____ was in 1979 ____ I graduated from the university. A. that, that B. It, that C. That, when D. It, when8. _____ was 1979 ____ I graduated from the university. A. that, that B. It, that C. That, when D. It, when

DD

BB

BB

DD

Integrating skills:

Farming and gardeningFarming and gardening

Q1: What’s the biggest problem to Chinese Q1: What’s the biggest problem to Chinese farmers?farmers?

The shortage of arable The shortage of arable land.land.

““G” stands for “genetically”G” stands for “genetically”““M” stands for “modified”M” stands for “modified” (changed)(changed)

Answer the Answer the questions.questions.

Q2: What does GM mean?Q2: What does GM mean?

Farming Farming And And GardeningGardening

Jia Sixie

贾思勰纪念馆

Jia SixieJia Sixie, a great , a great scientist of ancient scientist of ancient China, living in China, living in Northern Wei Northern Wei Dynasty, was Dynasty, was famous for the book, famous for the book, Qimin Yaoshu. It is Qimin Yaoshu. It is about the science of about the science of farming.farming.

The Memorial to Jia SixieThe Memorial to Jia Sixie

齐民要术诞生地齐民要术诞生地 — — 高阳故城 高阳故城

Useful expressionsUseful expressions• 1. 1. much of the wisdom discovered by much of the wisdom discovered by

early Chinese scientistsearly Chinese scientists

中国古代科学家发掘的很多智慧中国古代科学家发掘的很多智慧• 2. 2. farmers and gardeners todayfarmers and gardeners today

现在的农民和园丁现在的农民和园丁• 3. 3. in the sixth century AD in the sixth century AD 公元六世纪公元六世纪• 4. 4. do research into agriculturedo research into agriculture

研究农学研究农学 // 农业农业

• 5. 5. learn from the experience of learn from the experience of

farmers farmers 学习农民的经验学习农民的经验• 6. 6. around 540 ADaround 540 AD 公元公元 540540 年左右年左右• 7. 7. a book called a book called QiminYaoshuQiminYaoshu

一本叫一本叫 «« 齐民要术齐民要术 »» 的书的书• 8. 8. advice on the following subjectsadvice on the following subjects

关于如下话题的建议关于如下话题的建议• 9. 9. make winemake wine 酿酒酿酒

• 10. 10. students of farmingstudents of farming 农学学生农学学生• 11. 11. a practical guide to farminga practical guide to farming 对农耕的实用指导对农耕的实用指导• 12. 12. at the right/at the right/ wrongwrong time of the yeartime of the year 在一年适合（在一年适合（不适合不适合）的时节）的时节• 13. 13. go against naturego against nature 违背自然违背自然• 14. 14. clean rough ground and remove clean rough ground and remove weedsweeds 平整地面和除草平整地面和除草• 15. 15. plough deep the first timeplough deep the first time

第一次深耕第一次深耕

•16. 16. plough less deep the second timeplough less deep the second time 第二次耕浅些第二次耕浅些•17. 17. the autumn/spring ploughingthe autumn/spring ploughing 秋秋 // 春耕春耕•18. 18. year after yearyear after year 年复一年地年复一年地•19. 19. to harvest good cropsto harvest good crops 好收成好收成•20. 20. with space between the plantswith space between the plants 植株之间有间隙植株之间有间隙•21. 21. plant wheat close togetherplant wheat close together 密植小麦密植小麦

What is each paragraph What is each paragraph about?about?Para.1 About_____________Para.1 About_____________

Para.2 About________________Para.2 About________________

Para.3 About________________Para.3 About________________

Jia SixieJia Sixie

Qi Min Yao ShuQi Min Yao Shu

Jia Sixie’s adviceJia Sixie’s advice

Jia Sixie:Jia Sixie:Lived in:_________________________Lived in:_________________________

Was born in:______________________Was born in:______________________

Spent his time on:_________________Spent his time on:_________________

__________________________________________________________________

______________________________________

the sixth centurythe sixth century

Yidu, Shandong provinceYidu, Shandong province

research into research into

agricultureagriculture (collected···, studied···, (collected···, studied···,

did···, learned from···)did···, learned from···)

Qimin Yaoshu:Qimin Yaoshu:

About:___________________________About:___________________________

Includes advice on:Includes advice on:

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

____________________________

both farming and gardeningboth farming and gardening

growing green vegetables and fruit trees;growing green vegetables and fruit trees;

keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes;keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes;

making winemaking wine

Jia Sixie’s Advice:Jia Sixie’s Advice:1.1.do things________________________do things________________________2.2.________the soil if not good________the soil if not good3.3._______rough ground before sowing_______rough ground before sowing4.4._______weeds_______weeds

5.5._______the soil_______the soil

6.6._______the crops in the fields_______the crops in the fields7.7.wheat is planted _______________wheat is planted _______________8.8.Grow different plants______________Grow different plants______________ __________________________________________

________ploughing________ploughing

________ploughing________ploughing

at the right time of the yearat the right time of the yearimproveimprovecleanclean

removeremove

ploughploughautumnautumn

springspring

changechangeclose togetherclose together

next to each next to each other in the same field.other in the same field.

Read the passage while listening to the tape and finish the exercises below:

1.1. Which of the following is true according Which of the following is true according to the passage? ________to the passage? ________

A. Jia Sixie was the earliest agricultural A. Jia Sixie was the earliest agricultural scientist.scientist.

B. The knowledge in B. The knowledge in Qimin YaoshuQimin Yaoshu is no is not useful for farmers today.t useful for farmers today.

C. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide to C. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide to farming.farming.

D. Jia Sixie’s book deals with only farmiD. Jia Sixie’s book deals with only farming.ng.

CC

2.2. Jia Sixie’s book includes advice oJia Sixie’s book includes advice on the following subjects except __n the following subjects except ____.__.

A. making wine A. making wine

B. keeping cows, sheep and fishB. keeping cows, sheep and fish

C. growing vegetables and trees C. growing vegetables and trees

D. making foodD. making food

DD

3. The best harvest is reached when 3. The best harvest is reached when ______.______.

A.A. farmers change the crops in their farmers change the crops in their fieldsfields

B.B. farmers plough the soil deeperfarmers plough the soil deeper

C.C. farmers sow the seed at the correct farmers sow the seed at the correct time of the yeartime of the year

D.D. much fertilizer is put into the fieldsmuch fertilizer is put into the fields

AA

4. This passage is mainly about ______.4. This passage is mainly about ______.

A.A. farming in Chinafarming in China

B.B. gardening in Chinagardening in China

C.C. the history of agriculture in Chinathe history of agriculture in China

D.D. Jia Sixie and his book Qimin Yaoshu.Jia Sixie and his book Qimin Yaoshu.

DD

5. From this passage we can see that ___.5. From this passage we can see that ___.

A.A. traditional methods are still of great traditional methods are still of great useuse

B.B. traditional methods should be given traditional methods should be given upup

C.C. traditional methods are of no usetraditional methods are of no use

D.D. traditional methods are out of datetraditional methods are out of date

AA

1. China was the earliest research center 1. China was the earliest research center for agriculture. for agriculture. 2. Jia Sixie was born in Gaoyang in Shandong2. Jia Sixie was born in Gaoyang in Shandong Province.Province.3. 3. The spring ploughing should be deeper than The spring ploughing should be deeper than the autumn ploughing.the autumn ploughing.5. We should plant rice in the same field year 5. We should plant rice in the same field year after year.after year.6. We’d better grow different plants next to each 6. We’d better grow different plants next to each other in the same field. other in the same field.

( T ( T ))

( F )( F )

( F )( F )

True or False:True or False:

( F )( F )

( T ( T ))

Cloze textCloze text::Agriculture has a long history in China.One of China’s Agriculture has a long history in China.One of China’s early ___________scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in early ___________scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the _______________AD. Around _______, he wrote a the _______________AD. Around _______, he wrote a book ______Qimin Yaoshu, which is about ________book ______Qimin Yaoshu, which is about ________and _________.This book is a _____________to farming.and _________.This book is a _____________to farming.Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at____________Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at____________of the year.If the condition of your soil is not good, you of the year.If the condition of your soil is not good, you should ________it.When you plough the soil, plough_____should ________it.When you plough the soil, plough_____the first time and ________the second time.Change the the first time and ________the second time.Change the crops in their fields and do not plant rice _____________crops in their fields and do not plant rice _____________in the same field. Jia also said that it is ______to grow in the same field. Jia also said that it is ______to grow different plants _________________in the same field.different plants _________________in the same field.

agriculturalagricultural540 AD540 ADsixth century sixth century

calledcalled farmingfarminggardeninggardening practical guidepractical guide

the right timethe right time

improveimprove deepdeepless deepless deep

year after yearyear after yeargoodgood

next to each othernext to each other

1.1.Where was Jia Sixie born and when Where was Jia Sixie born and when did he live?did he live?He was born in Yidu, Shandong He was born in Yidu, Shandong Province; he lived in the 6Province; he lived in the 6thth century. century.2. What advice did Jia Sixie give 2. What advice did Jia Sixie give about ploughing the field?about ploughing the field?He said that when you plough the soil, He said that when you plough the soil, plough deep the first time and less deep the plough deep the first time and less deep the second time, and the autumn ploughing second time, and the autumn ploughing should be deeper than the spring ploughing.should be deeper than the spring ploughing.

3.3. What should you do first as a farmer?What should you do first as a farmer?

As a farmer, you should remember to As a farmer, you should remember to do things at the right time of the year. do things at the right time of the year. If so, your work will be less and the If so, your work will be less and the result will be better.result will be better.

4. Why did Jia Sixie let sheep or cows 4. Why did Jia Sixie let sheep or cows walk on the land?walk on the land?

Because he wanted the animals to Because he wanted the animals to destroy the weeds or eat them. destroy the weeds or eat them.

5.5. What should we do if we want to What should we do if we want to reach the best harvest?reach the best harvest?

We should change the crops on We should change the crops on the fields.the fields.

How to plant tomatoes?How to plant tomatoes?

Put …in the box;Put …in the box; Sow …;Sow …; cover ….cover ….

keep …in the keep …in the shadeshade

tie …to tie …to …… water …water … pick …pick …

put the soil in the box; sow the put the soil in the box; sow the tomato seed carefully; cover it with tomato seed carefully; cover it with more soil.more soil.keep the box in the shade so that keep the box in the shade so that the sun will not burn them.the sun will not burn them.

tie the little plant to a tie the little plant to a

stick.stick.water them in order to stop the soil water them in order to stop the soil getting too dry.getting too dry.pick the big and red tomatoes to pick the big and red tomatoes to eat. eat.

Firstly,Firstly,

Then,Then,

Several weeks later,Several weeks later,

AndAnd

Finally,Finally,

Version:Version:

Discussion:Discussion:Imagine you have a vegetable garden and Imagine you have a vegetable garden and you want to grow beans, cabbage,onions,you want to grow beans, cabbage,onions,tomatoes and sunflowers. Write a plan tomatoes and sunflowers. Write a plan for your vegetable garden. What will you for your vegetable garden. What will you do in the following periods of the year?do in the following periods of the year?

November; March; April; May~September; November; March; April; May~September; July~ OctoberJuly~ October

November:November: Plough the land deeply for the first Plough the land deeply for the first time.time.

March:March: Remove the weeds and plough the land Remove the weeds and plough the land less deeply for the second time. Cleanless deeply for the second time. Cleanthe rough ground.the rough ground.

April:April: Sow the seeds; grow different plants next toSow the seeds; grow different plants next toeach other.each other.

May~September:May~September: Water the plants, put fertilizerWater the plants, put fertilizeron the soil and remove weedson the soil and remove weedsregularly.regularly.

July~ October:July~ October: Harvest the crops.Harvest the crops.

The wisdom of farmers about the weather and farThe wisdom of farmers about the weather and farming is collected in many popular proverbs and paming is collected in many popular proverbs and passed on from generation to generation. The followinssed on from generation to generation. The following proverbs tell you something about the weather in g proverbs tell you something about the weather in England. Are they true for China?England. Are they true for China? No weather is ill, if the wind be still.No weather is ill, if the wind be still.

风止天气好。风止天气好。 // 风平浪静天气晴朗。风平浪静天气晴朗。 Yellow sky at sunset, wind in the morrowYellow sky at sunset, wind in the morrow(( 次日次日 ))..

日落黄澄澄，明日刮大风。 日落黄澄澄，明日刮大风。 Rain before seven, clear by eleven. Rain before seven, clear by eleven.

开门雨涟涟，晴朗在午前。开门雨涟涟，晴朗在午前。 // 早雨不过午。 早雨不过午。

Farmer’s proverbs and sayingsTIPSTIPS

April showers bring May flowers.April showers bring May flowers.

四月雨带来五月花。 四月雨带来五月花。 Deeds are fruits, words are but leaves.Deeds are fruits, words are but leaves.

只说不干，无收获。只说不干，无收获。 The best ground bears weeds as well as flowers.The best ground bears weeds as well as flowers. 有喜必有忧。有喜必有忧。 Never cackle unless you lay.Never cackle unless you lay.

不下蛋，别乱叫。 不下蛋，别乱叫。

Farmer’s proverbs and sayingsTIPSTIPS

Work in groups of four and find any Work in groups of four and find any farmers’ proverbs and sayings in Chinafarmers’ proverbs and sayings in Chinaor in the place where you live. Try to or in the place where you live. Try to explain them in English.explain them in English.

Group workGroup work

1、这本书对英语学习有用。

2、他把业余的时间都花在车上。

3、他们违背了我们的意愿。

This book is useful for English study.

He spent all his spare time on the car.

They went against our wishes.

Consolidation:Consolidation:

4 、我们每年都到那个地方度假。

5 、比尔旁边的那个人正在和他用西班牙 语交谈。

We have been to that place for a holiday year after year.

The man next to Bill was talking to him in Spanish.

▲ be useful for

▲ spent his time on research into

agriculture

▲ a practical guide to farming

▲ at the right/correct of the year

▲ go against nature

▲year after year

▲ next to

HomeworkHomework1.1. Read the passage again Read the passage again

and find any language and find any language points you think difficult.points you think difficult.

2.2. Try to translate the Try to translate the Chinese farmers’ proverbs Chinese farmers’ proverbs and sayings into English.and sayings into English.

Thank you!