the use of mcda for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...the use of mcda for priority setting...

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The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11122017

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Page 1: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

The use of MCDA for priority settingBenefits and limitations

Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017

Page 2: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background
Page 3: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background
Page 4: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Background

• MCDA allows the interpretation of multiple criteria

• MCDA can improve • Quality: taking into account all relevant criteria • Consistency: doing this in same way for all interventions • Transparency: showing to the outside world how decision is made

Page 5: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Background

• Working on MCDA for > 10 years, now I am concerned• Popular with academics, focus on algorithms• But low uptake by HTA agencies

• Disqualify MCDA as ‘entirely mechanistic’

• Still believe MCDA can be highly relevant for HTA• Now need ‘best practice’ • On basis of review 1990‐2017

Page 6: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background
Page 7: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Structured deliberation

• Policy makers makes judgement on value of  interventions                  through deliberation

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• Benefits – shows all information

• Limitations ‐ difficult with many interventions

Page 8: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Algorithmic MCDA• Analyst replaces judgment by algorithmic model • Weights are combined with scores to get overall score

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Page 9: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Algorithmic MCDA. 

• Benefits• Criteria weights are made explicit

‐> improves the consistency and transparency of decisions 

• Limitations• Studies are restricted to consideration of quantifiable criteria only• Studies assume criteria can compensate

• Studies assume weights are identical across interventions • Studies ignore principle of opportunity costs

Effectiveness Strength of evidence Cost‐effectiveness Budget impact

weights 35% 15% 40% 10%

Page 10: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Mixed‐design MCDA• Combines the use of algorithmic MCDA with deliberation

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Page 11: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Mixed‐design MCDA

• Deliberative component cannot fully compensate‐> decision maker places much credibility on algorithmic results‐> decision maker difficult to correct unjustified assumptions

Page 12: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Summary of review

Structured deliberation• Summarizes information, difficult with many interventions

Algorithmic MCDA• Makes weights explicit, but oversimplifies with strong assumptions

Mixed‐design MCDA• Cannot fully compensate for problems of algorithmic MCDA

Note: algorithmic MCDA can still be useful in underdeveloped HTA context 

Page 13: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Moving forward with MCDA

Conclusion from review: keep deliberation and avoid algorithms

‐> MCDA as structured deliberation with simple decision rules• First step• identify knock‐out criteria, and evaluate interventions against these• e.g. safety, effectiveness 

• Second step• evaluate interventions against all other criteria• e.g. cost‐effectiveness, severity of disease, own responsibility etc• quantify where meaningful, otherwise deliberate

Page 14: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Moving forward with MCDA• As NICE in UK & ZIN in the Netherlands

1. Knock‐out criteria: safety and effectiveness2. Trade‐off all other criteria

‐> cost‐effectiveness threshold as central criterion• varies by severity of disease, end of life etc (quantifiable)

‐> deliberation for non‐quantifiable criteria

Maximum cost (€) per QALY Severity of disease

Up till €20,000 per QALY 0.1‐ 0.4

Up till €50,000 per QALY 0.41 – 0.7

Up till €80,000 per QALY 0.71 – 1.0

Page 15: The use of MCDA for priority setting - 東京大学公共 …...The use of MCDA for priority setting Benefits and limitations Prof Rob Baltussen, Radboudumc Tokyo, 11‐12‐2017 Background

Summary

• Various forms of MCDA  • structured deliberation, algorithmic, mixed‐design

• Best practice depends on context• Structured deliberation with decision rules in developed HTA context• Algorithmic in underdeveloped HTA context, as stepping stone