T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November, 1944

Veganism is a way of living which excludes all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, the animal kingdom, and includes a reverence and com-passion for all life. It applies to the practice of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey, animal milk and its derivatives, and encourages the use of alternatives for all commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Veganism remembers man 's responsibilities to the earth and its resources and seeks to bring about a healthy soil and plant kingdom and a proper use of t he materials of the earth.

President: Dr. FREY E L L I S , , y Deputy-President: Mrs. E . B. SHRIGLEY, Old Coulsdon,

Surrey. Vice-Presidents: Mrs. MURIEL HENDERSON, Dr. CATHERINE NIMMO, Miss

MABEL SIMMONS, Miss WINIFRED SIMMONS, Mrs. EVA BATT, Mr. JACK SANDERSON.

Secretary : Mrs. LOUISE DAVIS, London, S.E.12. Treas (to whom all subscriptions should be sent),

So N.14. 01-886 6408. Librarian : Mr. W. H. C. WRIGHT, Enfield, Middlesex. Committee: M r . E . T . BANKS, M r s . E . BATT, M r . H . T . BONNIE, M r s . S.

C O L E S . Mr. A . E L L I S , Dr. FREY ELLIS , Miss T . C . LARKIN, M r . J . SANDERSON, M r s . E . B . SHRIGLEY, M r s . G . SMITH, D r . F . WOKES, M r . W . H . C . WRIGHT.

Minimum subscription, which includes " The Vegan ", 15s. per annum (and 7s. 6d. for each additional member of one family at same residence); 7s. 6d. if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £10 10s. Od.

THE VEGAN JOURNAL OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY

The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Please send articles, classified advertisements and letters for publication to 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex.

Advert isements must be in keeping with the principles of veganism, and the Publishers reserve the right to refuse any advertisement, or cancel any order without explanation.

Editorial Board: Mrs. EVA BATT, Mrs. SERENA COLES, Dr. FREY ELLIS. Editorial Adviser: Mr. JACK SANDERSON. Vegan Distribution Secretary: Miss TKELMA LARKIN,

West Horndon, Brentwood, Essex. Advertisements : H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London,

S.E.22. Rates: Whole page—£10 0s. Od.; Half page—£6 0s 0d.; Quarter page—£3 10s. Od.

Published quarterly: Annual Subscription, 10s.; single copies, 2s. 6d. plus postage. Obtainable from the Hon. Secretary.

LITERATURE " The Reasons for Veganism." 4 page leaflet. 3d. S.A.E. only. " V e g a n Protein Nutrition." 12 page leaflet. Is. 3d. post free. " A Handbook of Practical Veganism." 24 pages with cover. 2s. 9d.

post free. " The Vegetarian and Vegan Food Guide." 2s. 6d. post free. " The Vegan Kitchen " by Freya Dinshah. 5s. 6d. De luxe edition, 7s. 6d.

post free. " Quick and Easy Menus " by K. Keleny. 2s. l i d . post free. " Vegan Recipes." A collection of members ' favourites. 10 sheets,

Is . 9d. post free. AM obtainable from the Secretary. (Cheques and postal orders should be

made out to " The Vegan Society.")

As natural food reformers and—in most cases—folJowers of Nature Cure principles, we would like to support those groups which are trying to get chemical food additives, pestioides, and fertilisers investigated for their possible danger to health.

Yet this investiga.tipn frequently involves a great deal . of animal experimentation such as feeding tests, and other forms of vivisection. Therefore the vegan is not content- to say ' this or that should not be added to human foods "until it has been proved to be non-toxic ". ^ ..

In the first place this can never be satisfactorily proved as .we are told that small doses of an apparently harmless chemical -or treatment, ingested over a number of years, may give rise to various complaints, even mutations and .cancerous growths, long after the cause, has been forgotten. Years of tests on animals often prove nothing, conclusive—may even create false confidence in a product (Thalidomide?).

So this is not^ the 'way! ', Therefore we say, in effect, these foods and additives of doubtful purity are both unrlatural and unnecessary and we can~'weH' do "without them. So why bother about them at all? Why all the time, expense, danger to humans and suffering for other creatures? Many years of human experience has shown that simple, naturally grown, non-animal foods (fruit, vegetables, nuts, grains, cereals, seeds), with little or no cooking will sustain life for the minimum of cost, time, labour and. land.' . : . . . .

Further, no exploitation of any creature is involved either for milk (butter, cheese, yoghurt),; eggs, meat or wool, neither must any animal: lose its life, its.,,freedom, or its, well-being in. an attempt, .to. prove that so many^grains of sucti-andrsuch, added to so many million'parts of something else, can be ingested ,over a period of X years by a man or woman before having any ill effect. • . . .

Why should millions of monkeys—who would, never ,be so silly as to ^smoke itoba'ccoH^havej thisr.filthy, stuff puffed into! their

journal

Vol. 15. No, 4. . WINTER, 1968

FOOD REFORM

.97

lungs month after.-month-in an effort to .find some way-in" which man can continue to indulge in this dirty habit without damage to himself? Once again, no one needs to smoke, but encourage-ment is given by those'who profit from the weakness of others— and this includes, the' Government which enjoys a handsome revenue supplied by die addicts., Mankind suffers enough without courting.avoidable illrhealth. ISo one says it is easy to cure the habit, but it can be done. When we stop smoking our health benefits, vivisection is reduced,'and the Government will, have less money to squander on weapons of destruction.

Vegans may not necessarily be non-smokers but we are happy to • know that most of them are. And we can all be food reformers also, not clamouring for more and more testing of chemicals in made up foods, but by reforming our own habits. So long as we can get (or preferably grow) simple wholesome foods which centuries of testing (on humans) have proved to be not only safe, but nutritious, health building and entirely adequate, we can afford to forget about the toxicity or otherwise of all the new synthetic additives of doubtful value or known danger such as emulsifiers, softeners, stiffeners; aeraters, elastica-tors, binders, tints, flavours, smells, fluffers-up and flatteners-out, anti-oxidants, anti-corrosives, and, those which are pre-digested, non-habit-forming, non-stick and often non-edible.

But please let us not go .to extremes in our enthusiasm, we may prefer to take all our food raw, but. an occasional cooked meal (providing of course that it does not contain anything eUucaliy objectionable) may do less harm to us than can' be done to the cause of veganism if we flatly refuse ever to take a cup of lemon tea or a baked potato. Newcomers to our way of 'life could be completely "put off" by what appears at first to be " too difficult" for them.

By all means let us assist those who are pressing for the marking of all additives in foods, it is a step in the right direction, but let us not fall into the error of thinking that this is food reform.

„ - • : . • E.B.

. . ; COMING EVENTS: ..; ' ... . / . I ' . ! , i i •. .. - • • i • ~ . i. . UThe Vegan, Society will be represented on' the Brains Trust-

Pane] following the 40th Annual. General Meeting of the Nature. Cure Clinic, at Alliance Hall, Palmer. Street;- on December : 13th. All are welcome and we shall hope1 to see. some--'of our members-there;^ •'• " • ..' : ' ; - . . ; - '

^ A Brains Trust organised by the Wimbledon Vegetarian Society, will be held on Tuesday, February 15th, in the Morden Public, Library:,: The,. Vegan. .Society^ .wi l lbe . represented vby Nlrs: Batt. • •' " 98.

VEGETARIAN NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE NOTES

The need for a journal devoted to the publication of the latest information available from all over the world on the subject of human food and food values with special reference to the plant kingdom has been met with the launching this year of the first issue of " Plant Foods for Human Nutrition ". Dr. F. Wokes (the Editor in chief) and his associates are to be congratulated on the content and quality of this opening issue which promises well for the future.

According to information the V.N.R.C. has received from the U.K., U.S.A., Germany and India, a comparison of plant and animal foods based (1) on the yields of different nutrients obtained from the same area of land under similar conditions or (2) on the amounts of nutrients obtained for monetary unit (e.g., dollar) gives results strongly favouring the greater' use of plant foods, especially in less developed countries.

No. 2 and subsequent issues will each include about 100 classified abstracts on plant foods, etc., from all over the world and a series of reports will be included on important international nutrition conferences held in recent years that have dealt with agricultural changes, protein, etc., with a focus on plant foods. Amongst others, special reference will be made to the work of Dr. Rajalakshmi who with her colleagues at Baroda University in N.W. India has been studying plant/animal ratios for a number of years.

Vegetarians and vegans will now have a source of valuable and authoritative information with which to commend their views to others, and general students of nutrition especially those con-cerned with underdeveloped countries or the vital world food problem will be able to refer to a journal which stresses the part that the plant kingdom can play in meeting and satisfying this most fundamental of man's needs. J.S.

VISITORS TO LONDON Arrangements are being made for individual members of

the committee to be " at home " to members visiting London on the last Saturday afternoon in each month. As you know we do not yet have our own premises, so please let the Secretary know well in advance if you are coming to London and would like to contact another member. If you say where you are staying it may be near someone's home, if not, one of 'us will meet you at a pre-arranged place. . ; .

We regret that it is not possible to book accommodation in London for out of town members.

Please enclose stamped, addressed envelope in tetters calling for a reply. ®

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/ REGENT EVENTS A Day to. Remepiber

When the committee decided to arrange a cookery demonstra-tion on September 7th it was expected that about twelve to twenty people would attend. It was therefore a pleasant surprise to greet forty people in the restaurant of the Nature Cure Clinic in London.

We were fortunate in obtaining the services of Mrs. Cluer, and her son arid daughter, who worked hard all the morning together with the help of our secretary, Mrs. Davis, in' order that everything should run smoothly during the demonstration.

The whole atmosphere had an air of homeliness about it and I , ' for one, felt a little more confident concerning my future cooking efforts.

The chairman, Mrs. Batt, frequently disappeared into the kitchen to give a hand. To all who worked so hard on our behalf we would send-a big vote of thanks and we look forward to the next cookery demonstration in larger premises.

• - • • SERENA COLES.

Talk to Cuffley Free Church Men's Fellowship In October, our librarian had the unusual experience of giving

a talk to a men only/audience. The title was "Health is Your Birthright".

The main theme was food reform, and an oppportunity was taken to smash the: image of the. standard English breakfast.

A new dustbin was borrowed for the occasion, signifying the standard English stomach.

Libeial applications of cornflakes, pasteurised milk and white sugar were poured in, followed by a tin of spaghetti and tomato sauce. This mess was then, "stirred up; whilst the audience were invited to take a. peep at what their stomachs have to contend with.

A comparison was made between. ..white bread and brown bread by compressing a large size white loaf to the size of a tennis ball, and offering a challenge to anyone in the audience to do the same with a health stores loaf. , Apparently, not!all of the "seed" fell on stony ground, as reports came back a few days, later, ,of a courageous few, who were turning onto fruit juices for breakfast.

W . WRIGHT.

•., ' Animals' Fair The vegan' .stall at /theAnimals'. Fair on November 22nd

and 23rd was a centre of interest, and a meeting place for a number of .friends and supporters who call there each year

• to,;say; hello:, ..• .'I ; ; Th?> vegan savouries and cakes which'were ^kindly donated

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for sale gave us excellent opportunities' to give people some information about veganism together with' their snack, and of course we were able to distribute our literature.

Two people who had been " meaning to join us " for some time, took this opportunity to enrol.'

Our thanks= to• all who helped, in any..way, to make this a success. .

" Veganism in Practice " On November 13th Mrs. Batt was welcomed by the members

of the Southend Vegetarian and Food Reform Society in the new Civic Centre there, where she, spoke about veganism. and how it can be put into practice.

She began by telling how she came to renounce, milk and, in emphasising the interdependence of meat and milk she said " The latest thing is that the dairy business, instead of killing off the unwanted calves (those unavoidable .by-products of milk production) is selling them to be fattened on the Continent for white veal. With no control whatever over the conditions under which they live, and die, 29,000 young bull calves had gone from British farms to Belgium in the past three months! '

" Of course we ; can protest, and press for this ghastly traffic to be stopped, or—we can stop it "ourselves, now, today, by withholding our support. No milk sales—no unwanted calves, no export of these innocent' creatures to places where they will be kept and killed goodness' knows how. One'thing we can be sure about, it will not be ' free-range'! "

About battery eggs she said " Yolks are often dyed to simulate the more nutritious free-range article . . the colour-ing is added by feeding a toxic dye to the hen. This colouring may not be added to food for human consumption as it could be dangerous to health; but because of a' loophole in the law, ah unlaid egg is not recognised as -human food, and therefore any-thing can be added to it via the hen! The fact that we eventually get the toxic dye just the same is a mere technicality! !'

Mrs. Batt went on " I am often asked ' Are animal fats bad for health?' Of course they are! Very bad for the health of the animals which supply them! They don't merely get hardened arteries, they lose their lives! "

Then, she told, her audience of the message of Hope, Peace and Love which veganism brings to a troubled world; she made detailed references to vejgan protein foods, veganic-gardening (as opposed to most " organic" methods which use all kinds of slaughterhouse materials) why vegans do not wear wool or real (which means second-hand) furs, and ended by reminding her audience that COMBINED RESISTANCE BY CONSUMERS Can: work miracles. "We, the consumers, are the guilty"ones," she said "and we have it in our power to stop all cruelty to food animals—if we have a mind to ..

10?

The speaker was warmly thanked and most people took home some vegan literature for further study.

"Plamil in a Balanced, Humane Diet" Mr. C. Arthur Ling gave a most interesting talk on the aims,

beginnings and subsequent work of the society at the Nature Cure Clinic, London, W.J. on November 19th. We were pleased to see several vegans in the audience.

Referring to the feeling of compassion whioh activates the average lacto-vegetarian when renouncing flesh foods, Mr. Ling reminded us that the vegetarian who continues to use dairy products will frequently step up his consumption of cheese, eggs and milk until he is taking two and a half times as much of these foods as the average meat-eater.

The Plantmilk Society was formed when there was no ready-made alternative to cows' milk available in this country and its aim was to persuade a manufacturer to produce a palatable vegetable milk and market it. When it became apparent that the idea was getting them nowhere, rather than admit defeat it was decided to try to make one themselves and for this purpose the company Plantmilk Ltd. was founded in 1961.

The next four years were spent on research (a long series of " back to the drawing board ") until success brought us Plamil in 1965.

Apart from vegans and babies with a lactose intolerance or galactosaemia, Plamil is an ideal food for weight-watchers as the carbohydrate content is less than half that in cows' milk.

Concerning its protein value and content Mr. Ling told us that because it contains all the essential amino acids. Plamil is a "first class" protein food.

It is of interest that in Canada Plamil is graded as an " excellent" source of protein (although Plamil may not yet be imported into that country!).

When asked about exporting Plamil Mr. Ling explained that the first problem was invariably classification, as there is none into which it will fit. Once it was classed as margarine and on other occasions it has been necessary to start a new section altogether.

However the Dutch now have it, as our readers will know, also the South Africans and the New Zealanders (although with-out any B12 as in New Zealand this vitamin may not be added to food, being classed as a poison in that country).

On the matter of the B12 content of Plamil, we learned that the very conservative quantity claimed on the label represents about one third of the vitamin now known to be in the current product, as revealed by the last B,o assay undertaken.

E.B.

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r FROM THE < LATE MR. EDGAR HEWLETT Following up my article " Trees and Life," in the Spring

Vegan, which aroused considerable interest in the vital import-ance to mankind of trees, forests and vegetation, and in the great work of the " Society of the Men of the Trees," I now send a valuable extract from •" Be •'Ye Perfect," by Geoffrey Hodson, the" Theok>phical Publishing House Ltd. ' '

"All childreti have affinity with trees, whose life force they absorb, and whose greenery is beneficial to the growing form. The child should learn to love the trees, to greet them as his'friends, to know the saplings as his playmates', the old trees as his godparents. The trees may be the teacher of the child, from them he will learn alUthat he needs to know of birth, of death, of strength and straightness, of sheltering service' and of praise, of bending to a force, which, erect, may not be withstood, of seeds arid-their begetting, of birds and insects which share with him the service of the trees. He should sleep in hammocks swung from their branches, with air, and vitality flowing freely about him. He should play round their trunks ; their branches and their leaves should shelter him from rairi. Next to his human guardians arid his invisible friends, the trees are his most valuable companions."

HUMANIST' .HOLIDAYS Vegan and vegetarian freethinkers, who would like to plan

a holiday with others of similar interests should write to Mrs. Marjorie Mepham, secretary of Humanist Holidays at 29 Fairview Road, Sutton, Surrey, who will be pleased to send details of the plans for next year's vacations. - .

The Humianist Committee have' decided . to book for next Easter from Friday, April 4th, to Tuesday, April 8th (with option of staying longer), at a small private hotel in Brighton, Sussex, near the sea front and the Hove border where they; the Free-thinkers. will be the sole guests at a little over .£2 a day. In this type of accommodation it will-be possible to approximate to the "House Party" atmosphere as nearly as is possible in a group with such a wide age range and'diversity, of interests.

Vegans can be. catered. for and-should let the secretary know well in.advance if this diet is required. • . :

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MINUTES OF THE 24th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THIS SOCIETY WHICH WAS HELD ON NOVEMBER

9th, 1968, AT THE ALLIANCE HALL, LONDON, S.W.I In the Chair—Dr. F. R: Ellis. In attendance—Mrs. L. Davis, Mrs. -D. Godfrey. • • r

' Apologies—Mrs. M. Cluer, Mr: ,J. Sanderson, Miss T. Larkin, Dr. F. Wokes.

The Secretary read the minutes of the previous A.G.M. which were approved. " . '" ' . . . ' ."

The Executive Committee's Report "was read by Mrs. E. Batt, and Dr. Ellis thanked her for ah excellent Report.

Treasurer's Report The Treasurer regretted that she "was unable to present the

Accounts for the year ending September 30th, 1968, to the members owing to the fact that the Auditor had not submitted' the draft Balance Sheet by the promised date.

An Extraordinary. General Meeting would have to be con-vened for this purpose when the Auditor for the present year could also be elected:

Covenanted Members Mrs. Smith said that more than £29 had been recovered in

tax and we had twenty-four more covenanted members than last year. Also some very generous donations had been received. There was £750 in the current account and with the stock invest-ments we have over £1,QOO.. v

Miss W. Simmons thanked the Treasurer for her Report.

Election of Officers The following were unanimously elected or re-elected: — President: Dr. F. Ellis. Deputy President: Mr. J. Sanderson. Vice-Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. M. Drake, Dr. C. Nimmo,

Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Dr. F. Wokes.

Treasurer: Mrs. G. Smith. Editors: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. "Coles, Dr. F. Ellis. Committee: Mrs. E. Batt, Mr. H. Bonnie, Mrs. S. Coles,

Dr. F. Ellis, Miss T. Larkin (Magazine Distribution Sec-retary), Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Mrs. G. Smith, Dr. F. Wokes, Mr.. W. Wright (Librarian), Mrs. C. Fugeman.

Mr: A. Ellis and Mr. E. Banks, were not seeking re-election. Mrs. Shrigley did not seek re-election as Deputy President. The Chairman was asked for the attendances of the Com-

mittee members over the past twelve months.1 Mrs. Batt read out these figures. .164

M r Bonnie said he didn't think it was of great importance as to how many times each member attended committee meetings, as many of them did a vast amount of work behind the scenes;

Announcements November 9th—Coffee Evening, 7.30 p.m. Jewish Vegetarian

Society. November 13th—" Veganism for Beginners ". New Civic Centre,

Southend-on-Sea, 7.45 p.m. November 17th—" Vaccination and Freedom of the Individual ".

Jewish Vegetarian Society. 7.30 p.m. November 19th—" Plamil in a Balanced Humane Diet " by C. A.

Ling. Nature Cure Clinic, 7.30 p.m. November 22nd and 23rd—Animals' Fair, S.W.I. (Vegan cakes

and savouries urgendy needed for this.) December 13th—A.G.M. of the Nature Cure Clinic at Alliance

Hall. (40th Anniversary.) December 16th—" Vegan Travellers." " Rolling Down to Rio."

Torbay Hotel, 7 p.m.

Any other Business Mr. Schenderling from Holland sent his best wishes to" the

Committee. Mr. G. Tester said his bungalow at Hillingdon would probably

be up for sale soon and is Very suitable for veganic gardening. Dr. Ellis suggested he send a notice to the editors for insertion in " The Vegan ".

Mr. Ling had brought a few items, amongst these was Savoury Pease Pudding (now on the market). He had been experimenting with Plamil Cream and had a few samples with him, but could not promise when this would be in the shops.

He could now take orders for 'veganic conipost at 42/-per cwt. Mr. Ling would let us have details of this for " The Vegan ".

Dr. Ellis asked Mr. Wright about the Milk Welfare Scheme. Mr. Wright said he had been corresponding with Mr. Heath (who does not drink milk) but nothing had been decided yet.

Mr. Ling said he had been in touch with the Ministry of Health and Mrs. Joyce Butler who said that the benefits under the Welfare Scheme had been extended recently and has asked Mr. Ling to write in further about this.

Mrs. Davis asked about Plamil getting to New Zealand. Mr. Ling said a consignment had gone, but vitamin B12 is classified as poison in New Zealand and had to be omitted from this batch. The distributor was very enthusiastic and. Mr. Ling hopes to do more in this direction.

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The Business Meeting closed at 4.20 p.m. when refreshments were served. At about 5.30 Mr. B. Gunn-King with the occasional help of his wife, gave us an interesting account of his visit to India at the I.V.U. Congress. Slides were shown illustrating the Indian way of life and some interesting examples of Indian architecture were described. At the end of the talk, Mr. and Mrs. Gunn-King showed us typical examples of items of clothing, pictures, stamps, and photographs, brought back from their visit.

Mr. H. Bonnie proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs Gunn-King for their entertaining talk.

E.B.

UNITY IS STRENGTH Delegates from most of the societies concerned with com-

passion for the animal kingdom and " natural " living spent an enjoyable afternoon at the Naturopathic College on October 19th, 1968. The meeting was called to find common ground with which to impress Parliament, and in order to emphasise the numbers concerned, it was decided that each delegafe asks his society to send the number of members and aims of the society to Mrs. Bailey, 16 Ardmay Gardens, Surbiton.

It was stated that, in the U.S.A. only one naturopathic association is now recognised due to opposition from the Allopathic Doctors. This must not happen here. Mr. Taylor-Gill spoke about the dangers of Health Stores being taken over by people not primarily interested in vegetarian ideals. Mr. Cunningham spoke about the dangers of fluoridation of our water supplies and how the whole remedial nature of naturo-pathic treatment could be thwarted by the addition of the drug.

Our vegan delegate (Mrs. Coles) asked if another attempt (combined this time) could; be made to obtain statutory legisla-tion for naturopathic treatment to be obtained free under the National Health Insurance Act.

The following motion was carried: — " That this meeting sets up a small committee to compile

a register or list of societies to obtain a shortened summary of their aims and objects and circulate all organisations present arid that a subsequent meeting be called to consider sub-sequent progress."

" A suggestion was made that the societies present might like to send their literature to each other and this will no doubt be discussed when the small committee meets." After the meeting we enjoyed a wonderful meal prepared

by students of the college. It was good to see salads and Plamil. The college now needs larger premises due to the great demand for naturopathic treatment.

We wish the Nature Cure Society .of Great Britain every success as it goes forward to its twentieth year of service. 106.

SIMPLE VEGAN MEALS The following recipes, several of which were demonstrated

at the meeting in London on September 7th last, are all supplied by Mrs. Mabel Cluer.

Breakfasts No. 1 No. 2

*Bircher Muesli Fresh raw, ripe fruit •Soaked dried fruit with

Raw flaked oats Wheat germ Millet flakes ' Barley kernels (raw) Wheat flakes Soaked wheat grains •Vegan milk ,

Following the above, wholemeal bread and cashewnutta with jam or molasses if a substantial meal is desired.

Finish all meals, with a small piece of apple for the teeth (or raw carrot if preferred, after vegetable meals).

Lunch •Mixed raw salad *Wholemeal scones •Raw nut savoury or *Cake or biscuit

Cold left-over savoury

Dinner No. 1 No. 2

Raw vegetable drink •Soup •Soya savoury • Stuffed green peppier Jacket potatoes Casserole potatoes with String beans or greens caraway * Barm en e sauce or Spinach or Swiss chard

Tomato sauce. Barmene sauce •Lemon jelly with vegan cream *Plamil mould with mulberry

sauce Those items starred by asterisk were shown during the

demonstration.

MUESLI 1 level dessertspoonful medium oatmeal or 1. level tablespoonful

oat flakes (soaked for twelve hourse in 3 tablespoons cold water) 1 tablespoonful ground cashews mixed, to a milk with 3 tablespoons

water . ' , . 1 tablespoonful lemon juice 1 large apple 1 oz. dates (previously washed, cut up small and soaked with 'just

enough water to cover) ' ' 1 • tablespoonful ground hazels or almonds,

Mix soaked dates, oatmeal, lemon juice and nut milk. Grate in apple, stirring frequently. Put grated nuts on top and eat immediately. ' .

.07

BREMIX 1 tablespoonful ground hazels 1 tablespoonful ground cashews

or brazils 2 taiblespoonfuls oat flakes This will keep in airtight tin in a cool place for four to six

weeks. Sprinkled liberally on soaked dried fruit, makes a nourishing breakfast.

. SIMPLE SOUP 1 onion i teaspoonful celery seed 1 carrot 1 dessertspoonful olive oil 4 sticks celery 1 small dessertspoonful yeast 3 slightly rounded tablespoons extract

each of soya flour and fine Salt if desired oatmeal 2 pints water

Cut up vegetables very small and simmer in water with celery seeds for about half an hour. Mix oatmeal and soya to a thin cream with a little cold water. Beat in oil. Add a little of boiling soup, stir, and return all to the pan. Allow to come just to the boil, stirring gently and meanwhile dissolving yeast extract.

Can be sieved but it is usually pleasant to leave in the pieces of vegetable.

PLAIN SCONES l i lbs. wholemeal flour Rather less than H level 3 ozs. soya flour teaspoons bi-carbonate of soda 5 ozs. nut fat ] teaspoonful (or a little more) l i level teaspoons cream of of sea salt

tartar Mix dry ingredients, rub in fat, mix with cold water, roll and

cut in the usual way. Bake about twenty minutes in a fairly hot oven.

TRIAN CAKE 8 ozs. wholemeal flour i teaspoonful sea salt 4 ozs. Barbados sugar I heaped tablespoonful treacle 4 ozs. Nutter I level teaspoonful ground 2 ozs. seedless raisins nutmeg 2 ozs. chopped mixed peel A little lemon juice i teaspoonful (level) (1 tablespoonful)

bi-carbonate of soda 2 level tablespoons Prewett's Just over i level teaspoonful Porridge Wheatmeal (optional)

(level) cream of tartar Mix dry ingredients, rub in- fat, add fruit, then syrup and

sufficient cold water to make an easily beatable mixture. Beat well with a wooden spoon. Put immediately into a flat greased tin, lined with greased paper. Bake forty-five minutes at 350°F. (the oven can be a little hotter for the first ten minutes).

To prepare dried fruit for use, wash quickly in hot water, (not long enough to extract juice), rinse in cold and drain in a colander. If there is time, allow them to stand a little to allow them , to swell.

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BAKED SOYA SAVOURY . -1 large onion, or some chopped 3 heaped tablespoons soya flour

green onion tops 1 good teaspoonful yeast extract 3 heaped tablespoons Brawn's A little salt

barley kernels Chop onions and cook in half a pint of water until soft.

When done, dissolve yeast extract and salt in the water. Mix barley kernels and soya and stir in onions, etc. Grease a pie-dish, pour in mixture, bake about three-quarters of an hour in a moderate oven.

This is a basic recipe and can be varied in many ways. A few fresh or dried herbs add variety; different kinds in turn such as sage, thyme, marjoram, parsley, basil, lovage, chervil, winter savory, etc., etc.

RAW NUT SAVOURIES To make these, the ingredients are simply mixed and pounded

together. After pounding, when the ingredients cohere, shape as desired and serve with salad. RECIPE N O . 1

2 tablespoons ground hazels 4 tablespoons ground cashews 1 teaspoonful or more dried About | teaspoon or more of

basil olive oil

Just sufficient oil to make it cohere; more if for a spread.

RECIPE N O . 2 2 tablespoons ground cashews i teaspoonful Vecon 2 tablespoons ground Brazils (Level, do.not overdo the Vecon)

RECIPE N O . 3 3 ozs. ground cashews 2 dessertspoons lemon juice 2 ozs. peanut butter i teaspoonful fresh thyme leaves i oz. finely chopped onion 1 Shredded Wheat biscuit The crumbled Shredded Wheat should be added after other

ingredients have been pounded.

LEMON JELLY Wash two ounces sultanas in hot water, put in small saucepan

with one pint cold water and bring to the boil Slowly sprinkle on two level teaspoons powdered agar agar, stirring briskly and continue stirring until dissolved, keeping water at simmering heat. When agar has dissolved, draw pan off heat and add two level tablespoons Barbados sugar and two tablespoons lemon juice. Pour out into dishes and leave to cool. Top with a blob of Special Vegan Cream.

S P E C I A L V E G A N C R E A M

HAND METHOD: Cream one ounce ground cashews with rather less than one ounce hot water. Dissolve quarter-level tea-

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spoonful powdered agar in another ounce of hot water. Blend and whisk with fork, sweetening to taste if desired.

LIQUIDIZER METHOD:' Liquidize for about two minutes four-and-a-half ounces split cashews, eight ounces cold water. Into a teacup of hot water dissolve one level teaspoonful agar and add sweetening. Put this into liquidizer with a teacupful of

, the nut cream previously made and liquidize for one minute.

Bring water to the boil, slowly sprinkle on agar, stirring briskly and continue stirring until agar is dissolved; the water should be just simmering. Mix sugar and aniseed and whisk into Plamil; stir into the agar solution and stir until everything just reaches boiling point. Pour into sweet dishes and when cold spread fresh ripe berries all over the top. These could be raspberries, loganberries, blackberries or mulberries according to season.

B O O K R E V I E W

THE STORY OF PIERRE by Tom Bribson. 10s. 6d. (or lis. 6d. including postage) from Regency Press Limited, 43 New Oxford Street. London, W.C.I.

Almost anyone who can read would appreciate this book. It is, like a parable, a simple tale from which one or many lessons can be learned according to one's understanding. The outer experiences of Pierre, a teenage boy in a French village, may not be paralleled, in the Jives of all readers, but most of them will have shared to some degree his inner feelings and his reactions to an unsympathetic and) often hostile world. It is my belief that all can have their thoughts and their lives transformed as his were—their attitude to other human beings and to animals—and this in turn will inevitably affect the lives of those whom they touch. The way to this transformation is clearly shown and for many the reading of this book will be, a significant event in their lives and for some—those who discern and practise its deepest meaning — it can be a major turning point.

The author is known by some of our members and one can only wonder at the richness of the life experience that must have preceded the writing of this book. Certainly a book to buy. to read and ponder, and .to distribute far and wide.

PLAMIL SWEET 1 small tin- Plamil 7 | ozs. water l | level teaspoons powdered

agar agar Berries

1 rounded teaspoonful powdered aniseed

1 rounded tablespoonful Barbados sugar

J.S.

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COMMODITIES Fats

Because we are still being asked if this, that, or the other margarine is vegan, here are some reminders: —

Stork, Summer County, and Echo contain animal fats. Blue Band, Flora, Maizy, and Mapletons Corn Oil margarine are vegetarian but not vegan.

Tomor and Golden Block are still vegan as are the nut butters of course. Outline is vegan.

This matter crops up so frequently because some of the lacto-vegetarian margarines state " no animal f a t " on the packet. This is because the milk proteins are derived from skimmed milk. It is not, we are assured, intended to mislead, because what the manufacturer is saying is that his product does not contain any animal fats and is therefore suitable for a person who must avoid these because of their cholesterol content. (Unless they happen to be vegans, but we suppose the latter would be unlikely to be suffering from a surfeit of cholesterol anyway!)

However, all too often it does mislead vegans, and we are constantly hearing it said, by members and others, that one or other of the lacto-veg. margarines are vegan. Do keep a close watch on these pages if you really want to avoid all dairy produce. (The sooner ALL the ingredients have to be stated on labels, the better! )

It was our very commodity-conscious member Miss Pauline Lewis who drew our attention to Mazchik. This is a simulated chicken fat and before you shudder and turn the page, think. We are NOT suggesting that our members will fly to this to satisfy a craving for dead chickens, but such foods, when they are really tasty, as this one is, can be very useful when entertain-ing non-vegans. After all, if we can serve very tasty roast potatoes which are quite vegan, why not? Also the entirely vegan family is the exception rather than the rule we find, and it often happens that vegans find themselves having to cater for various tastes. If we can give meat-eaters Mazchik instead of chicken dripping that is all to the good surely? It is made by Vasmers of Swaffham. For the address of your nearest stockist write to 35 Station Street, SwafTham, Norfolk.

Granose Christmas 'Pudding. We are very pleased to pass on the assurance from the manufacturer that these no longer contain eggs. This means that now ALL Granose products are entirely vegan. Good news indeed.

Sugar Further to our search for sugar refined with vegetable char-

coal (Sankey's and B.S.C. Brand) as opposed to the bone bleached .111

variety, the British Sugar Corporation tell us that we are unlikely to find the former except in the Eastern part of the country where the industry is predominately located. We should like to hear from readers who are able to get Sankeys or B.S.C. an their district. (Tate & Lyle use bone charcoal.) For further informa-tion concerning the availability of home-produced sugar in your district, write to the British Sugar Bureau, 140 Park Lane, London, W.l.

One member has been making enquiries about beer. The replies are of interest. Although the only ingredients in beer are water, malt, yeast and hops, isinglass (which is the dried air bladder of a fish, usually sturgeon) is used in the clarifying process. Often called " finings" it is added to the beer when in cask in order to precipitate suspended yeast cells and small particles of protein matter.

The finings does not remain suspended in the beer, but sinks to the lower part of the barrel when it is known in the trade as " bottoms ".

Therefore draught beer, although it contains no animal matter, is processed with it. Some bottled beer also is partially clarified with finings before being filtered, but much is filtered only. This varies from brewery to brewery. (A friend has just looked over my shoulder and told me that the filtering material contains asbestos and many people think that fine fibres of this are left in the beer and could be dangerous to health.)

The only beers which we know have not been partially or wholly clarified with isinglass are Bass Charrington's " Toby" Tank Beers and Bottled Beers, and all Tetleys Bottled Beers— not draught. Finings is used in Guinness but the manufacturers feel that we could really ignore it as one pound of isinglass will process 36,000 gallons of Guinness. Their suggestion—not mine.

There is always one exception, "The Winning Post" in York specialises in Tadcaster Draught Beers which have been clarified by the filtration method normally used for bottled beers, without the use of isinglass (which the Tadcaster Brewery describes as being made from tropical fish).

Buhner's Cider, on the other hand, uses animal gelatine for clarification.

We seem to have dwelt rather long on beer but we have never been into this before and Mr. Marriott has been very busy and collected a great deal of information on the subject. Please Note

Sun-Pat Peanut Butter now contains an emulsifier which is rendered from an animal source—no longer vegan.

Some information about the Milbro Waterless Cooker has come to hand. Although made of aluminium it is the purest obtainable, 98.7%. According to the makers: " This has been proved to be the healthiest metal to use for cooking other than gold or platinum." .112

Cosmetics Beauty Without Cruelty have produced several new vegan

cosmetics this autumn. Pine Foam Bath, made from coconut, palm and pine oils with the addition of wheat germ oil. This is real Siberian pine oil. not just a synthetic pine smell, and it is good for the lungs, so one can rest and relax the muscles, and inhale the health-giving pine oils at the same time!

Cucumber Cleansing and Toning Lotion. Contains real cucumber juice, almond oil, vegetable glycerine (a natural moisturiser), and oil of geranium. I found this very efficient and most pleasant to use.

Also Rose Geranium Foundation Lotion and Eye Shadow, by B.W.C. are vegan.

The new toilet soap Seaflower from Wilfred Smith (the Marinure Seaweed people) is not, we regret to say, a vegan pro-duct as it contains some tallow.

Clothing Koratron trousers have been widely advertised for some time

and now Koratron suits are available. These are machine-washable, drip-dry, and need no pressing. The example illustrated on the cutting we have here is 67% Terylene/33% Sariile, in a twill weave. It is available from Orbit Personal Shopping Service, P.O. Box 122, Television House, Mount Street, Manchester 2, and elsewhere. It is quoted at £18.

Car Polish Turtle Wax Polish and Zip Wax Car Wash are. as far as

we can ascertain, vegan. Some of the chemical ingredients are purchased from other suppliers, and in such cases it is not always possible to trace every component, in every ingredient back to its source.

FOOTWEAR For the next few weeks our footwear requirements will be

largely boots for outdoor protection, and slippers for indoor comfort and cosiness. The best boot for the worst weather must surely be the Bata Weatherguard. Good looking and long enough to cover the calf, made on a very comfortable last with ample room for toes (essential for those prone to chilblains), and guaranteed 100% water-and-slush-proof. Available with Skinfit or a deep nylon pile lining by Borg (which reaches all the way to, and. over, the toes). I chose the latter for the sheer luxury of it and have been waiting since June (when I bought them in the B.W.C. Boutique) for a really cold snap so that I could try them out. (It came in mid-November alright!) They are stout and I feared they might be heavy for walking, but I have not found them so. In short,

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I am delighted, with this purchase, now I am waiting for the snow to give them a good slush test. In black or brown, 69/l id. and 79/1 id. according to the lining.

Bata Boots for Children. Wellingtons in gay Day-Glo colours. Girls' sizes 10/lid. Also toddlers' and maids' sizes.

Marks and Spencer. For a lighter-weight boot for everyday winter wear, M. & S. have a cushion-lined, zip-back, softee vinyl boot for ladies. It comes in black or stone and sells for 52/6d. In half-sizes from threes.

You may have to call at the shop more than once as I understand they sell as fast as they are unpacked.

Slippers The Dunlop Company have an even wider and more attrac-

tive range of slippers this year than usual, the majority of which are vegan. For instance whenever " fleecy lining", " camel cloth ", or " velvet" are used, these materials will all be without wool or silk. Which means that all Dunlop slippers except those with real lambswool collars and the odd velour one are quite suitable for vegans. We should like to list all the models but this would occupy far too much space.

Pirelli slippers and mules. The following models are all suitaible for vegans: Malaga, Palma, Pia, Pia Patent, and Brindisi. From 19/lid.

Coset slippers by Uni-Royal. Here again, all of the ladies' styles except those obviously fur-trimmed are vegan. In the men's styles however, some, such as Annan which is vinyl and velour, would not be acceptable to our members. Also to date we have no assurance that the camel cloth models do not contain wool.

Gravesock Shoes for Men. A vegan shoe, with Corfam uppers, is now available by post from Messrs. Brown and Co., Alexander Street, Kettering, Northants. I saw this at a trade show in London recently and admired it very much. I am assured that it is entirely vegan and there is a choice of Chelsea or Gibson style in black or brown. It.comes in sizes and half sizes from 5's to 12's. 79/lid. plus postage.

New Vegan Shoes for Men in Claruto. These are made by Somervell Bros., the style name is Richard, and the number is 1912. They are 100% synthetic and as Clarino is a good quality poromeric material this should prove a very satisfactory shoe. (Clarino is sometimes called Kaylin.) The shoes come in black or brown and are available wherever "K " shoes are stocked. If you have any difficulty write to Kendal House, 203 Regent Street, London, W.l, for address of nearest stockist mentioning " The Vegan ".

. Messrs. Somervill add: " It is possible you will find that certain of our shops stock other shoes in Clarino upper material. We feel certain that any of your members could receive helpful 11.4

advice from the managers of any of o u r ' K' Shoe, Shops". So try them, folks.

We are promised news of ladies' Clarino shoes for the spring, I hope to get a pair for I very much like the handle of this particular material.

Ladies' Shoes We regret to say that Self ridges no longer stock the Young

Londoner Corfam shoes, but these may still be obtained from Dickins & Jones in Regent Street, London, W.l.

Suitable for young people only were the novelty Go Sox shoe socks I saw on the Mary Quant stand. These are unlikely to prove generally popular but deserve mention here because they are quite vegan. For those who have not yet seen them on the fashion pages they are lightweight almost-flattie shoes with long nylon socks attached. The whole thing is washable too.

Marks and Spencer. The following are current vegan models in the larger branches: A square toe softee plastic court with I inch heel, cushion lining. In stone, navy and black. Size 3 upwards, 29/lid.

Cushion lined vinyl "patent" in several styles at 29/l id. The always popular vinyl Flexibles, a flattie with plain or nylon apron insert, 15/6d. (I wear these all day in the house.) Sling-back " pretties " in vinyl patent in various colours, bow trim, 25/lid.

British Home Stores (Prova Brand). Vinyl casuals with low heels in four styles and several colours, 19/lid. Comfort shoes with cushion lining, medium heels, and soft uppers. Punched court style and wide fitting. In black", blue, stone. From 3's upwards.

The Bata Shoe Shops stock a number of brands of shoes which are entirely leather-free. In stock for the coming season are: —

All ViVa brand shoes for men and women. All styles in the Kittens range of ladies' walking shoes. All styles in the Sensation and Rapsody ranges of fashion

shoes. All styles in the Cushionaires range of ladies' casuals, and all

six styles in the Cushionette range of ladies' shoes in Norzon. These last we have found .to be very comfortable indeed as

they are broad fitting, " roomy ", soft and flexible. They have a moulded sole and come in camel, moss green and chestnut shades. 19/1 Id.

Please Note. Although the Step-on-Air brand look rather similar, they have suede uppers.

Linings Now that animal leather soles are the exception rather than

the rule, particularly on women's shoes, and simulated leathers for .115

uppers are increasing in quality and quantity, we can concentrate our efforts more thoroughly on the inside of the shoe.

Shoe Technician tells us that "nylon backed by special pur-pose foams, new coated materials on non-woven backing, and permeable P.V.C. coatings are among linings that are supple-menting woven cotton and leather ".

Until recently only the cheaper shoes were lined with synthetic leather or cotton, but of late, manufacturers of non-leather lining materials have made great strides in our direction. The quarters (or heel linings, usually suede) have always been a stumbling block for vegans, for many shoes which are otherwise quite acceptable, still have this heel piece of non-slip animal skin. It therefore becomes necesisary for all of us to know something about the various non-leather lining materials if we are to avoid unwittingly buying leather. (We are continually hearing from members who have been sold leather-lined shoes, on the assurance of the sales assistant that they were all-synthetic.)

Of particular significance in recent years has been the intro-duction of linings with porous or permeable plastic coatings. Hie first was Porolux made by J. B. Broadley who have since extended the range which now includes variations of Porolux, linings with non-woven backing, a quarter-lining material suitable for men's shoes, and cushioned absorbent socking which they call Porosoc. We are told that, now Porolux has "gone poromeric" it "breathes and absorbs for maximum foot comfort" and is " in many ways superior to leather ". This company makes a range of P.V.C. bindings and other accessories to the footwear trade, and Chamolux.

Another new poromeric lining, made by Furber Grant is Mombella. It should be in use very soon. This company is already producing a counter lining called Mombassa and their new man-made fibre for bootee linings has had considerable success and is now being exported to Russia, in the form of a deep pile material.

One of the most comfortable and hygienic linings widely used now in Vinyl shoes is a foam-backed nylon, often gaily printed and easily recognised. There are several brands of this type of lining material, Skinfit and Bevtex being perhaps the best known.

The new pile fabrics, on the other hand, used mostly in slippers and bootees are extremely difficult to distinguish from fur.

Some of these are made by Furbar Fabrics who have developed a high density pile specifically for the exacting demands of footwear, which is sufficiently resilient to recover completely after pressure or heat. This company also makes a simulated sealskin which is mostly used for the uppers of bootees and is not distinguishable from the animal product by sight.

It is therefore recommended that our readers avoid all "fur" lined or trimmed footwear, unless mentioned in these pages. .116

The Helia department of Carl Firuedenberg ' offers three different synthetic linings each in women's and men's weight together with matching poromeric socking materials. With the poromeric Ceefline, and Ceelon (for vamp and quarter linings), the range provides for everything.

Ceef poromeric lining " ensures internal moisture control " and conies in thirty colours for use in fashion shoes. Permeability to. water vapour compares favourably with leather. Air perm-eability is exceptionally good, and high water absorption is claimed.

Nairn Coated Products have contributed in no small way (albeit unwittingly) towards consistency in vegetarianism. They are one of the largest and most experienced manufacturers of coated fabrics for the footwear trade. Their upper materials such as Lionide, which we have mentioned in earlier issues, and Pushkin are, we are glad to hear, highly successful. With the look and feel of suede, Pushkin is tough, supple, resistant to scuffs and stains, and can be washed.

Now Nairn have produced Heelux, the suede-finish heel-lining which has an all-nylon pile electrostatically flocked and fused into a P.V.C. coated base. It looks like velvet and it has, we are assured, high coefficient of static friction which contri-butes to good heel grip.

A feature of the linings made by Phipps-Faire, the people whio made the lining Tropal initially produced for the Everest Boot, is the great variety of different types and laminated combinations. Making the biggest impact in the last two or three years has been a locknit nylon with polyurethane foam. This company also makes a wide range of knitted pile fabrics some of which have a poly-propylene backing. Materials used are nylon, Terylene, acrylic fibre or, alas, wool. Presumably the recently introduced Luxalam would be one of the latter. For this reason, good as most of them are, Phipps-Faire pile linings should be avoided until we have more details about the wool content.

Other non-leather linings are Super Softee from Sam Thomp-son. Mellvina and Mellaroid from Mellowhide, and Skoline and Skoleaf socking from Winterbottom Products.

Some of these new lining materials are given a special anti-rot treatment such as Acti-Fresh and Protexa. We regret we have no information about this yet. That is something to be done as soon as possible. E.B.

FROM "HEALTHY LIFE", CAPE TOWN, S. AFRICA It is constant inquiry, true dissatisfaction, that brings creative

intelligence; but to keep inquiry and discontent awake is extremely arduous, and most people do not want their children to have this kind of intelligence, for it is very uncomfortable to live with someone who is constantly questioning accepted values.

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C H A L L E N G E S I N N E W S P H E R E S .

It is our very sad duty to tell you that, only a few days after his successful " first person ever " swim across the hazardous channel between Tory Island and the Coast of Donegal, Jack McClelland, and his wife Betty, were badly hurt in a motor accident. Their car was run into from behind while stopped at traffic signals. They have both spent some time in hospital and are still far from recovered. Our deep sympathy goes out to them at this difficult time. (The fact that the guilty driver has since been convictedi of dangerous driving does not really help) but nevertheless in spite of having to cancel several swimming events in Canada, Switzerland, Ireland and Spain, and the difficulty of keeping their Health Food business going, Jack has been actively engaged in sponsoring the vegan diet in another sphere; we thought you would like to read his letter for yourselves: —

" In early April, last, I was approached by the manager of one of Ireland's leading professional soccer teams. Crusaders F.C., Belfast, regarding a diet which might help the club in their quest for honours in the Irish Cup Competition and. also in the All-Ireland Tournament.

Subsequently I had the opportunity to speak to the collected players and the result was that they were given a vegan dietary programme to follow for the six week period of the cup com-petition. In the diet I included ' Bio-Strath ' as a supplement.. I also was permitted to speak to the team in the dressing rooms prior to all Cup games and this gave me the chance to put over some more propaganda!

Without going into detail the results were astounding, as. although regarded as outsiders for Cup honours this year the club reached the final of the All-Ireland Competition, a ' two-leg ' event, being beaten only by one goal on aggregate against Shamrock Rovers F.C., Dublin, and winning the "Irish Cup con-vincingly beating Linfield in the final! Several of the players have continued with the diet, at least in part, as they were so pleased with the results they got.

Names cannot be mentioned due to the Amateur rules governing Olympic athletes, but vegan diet was followed by some friends of mine who competed in swimming, cycling, long-jump and pole-vault events. I am now supervising diets (which will be vegan!) for athletes who hope to make the Games in Munich in 1972!" Belfast. JACK MCCLELLAND.

The Bio-Strath referred to is, of course, the Bio-Strath Drops. The Bio-Strath Elixir is not vegan, the drops are. The only difference, we understand, is the honey in the elixir.

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"CHILD OF EARTH" Nature I love in every mood she has ;

I bare" my skin to wind, rain," ice and sun In ecstasy: more swift than streams I tun, Exulting in the glory of my speed! And pluck for sustenance earth's fruit and seed.

I pass into the sunset and the mist, 1 share the comfort of the grazing herds, The coolness of the wcnrms, the flight of birds, The grace of trees, the purity of snow: I am a part of all I see and know!

My hands are empty but my heart is full! And thus I ask this dead, polluted soil To yield the fruits of man's forgotten toil For yet the tides of Time may bring to birth The perfeot love and splendour of this earth!

—JENNV GAGE.

DEED OF COVENANT . The Vegan Society, 'being a charity, is not liable to income

tax. Supporters who pay income -tax at the full rate and who are prepared to complete a Seven-Year Covenant, to pay an annual sum to the Vegan Society, can substantially increase the value to the Vegan Society of their annual payment. For instance, if a supporter gave £2 2s. Od. per annum, the Vegan Society can recover income tax from the Inland Revenue, of £1 9s. 6d: and so in proportion for larger or smaller payments. In the event of. death the covenant terminates at once. For further information and Form e to: The Treasurer, Mrs. Grace Smith, , London, N.14.

A REMINDER Kindly make a note of the dates by which we must receive

your letters and reports for inclusion in "The Vegan": — For the Spring issue—Before. February 1st. For the Summer issue—Before May 1st. For the Autumn issue—Before August 1st. For the Winter issue—Before November 1st.

Please do not leave your letter until the last day, avoid disappointment and help us by posting as early as possible.

THE EDITORS.

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WHY THE MASS-MURDER OF " BOMBYX MORI" IS NO LONGER NECESSARY

SiLkbreeding or sericulture has been practised in China for 5,000 years. It begins with the eggs of the larvae of the moth " Bom'byx mori," which are left oh white mulberry leaves. After four or five weeks, there emerge tiny caterpillars, which grow to about four-inch silkworms. These then spin a thread and surround themselves with a cocoon of silk filaments, issuing the threads from two tiny holes in their heads. Safeguarded by the cocoon, the caterpillar then changes into a moth, who, if left undisturbed, would break through the cocoon and fly away.

But the breaking of the cocoon Would render the thread unsuitable for spinning into silk, so1 the cocoons are put into hot ovens in order to kill the moths.

As this has been going on for about 5^000 years, myriads of moths have been deliberately bred in order to be killed for silk. The secret of the process was guarded carefully as it was a valuable home industry for China, and there are various stories explaining how the method leaked out after all: One tells of a Chinese princess concealing the eggs of the moth in her coiffure when being carried off in marriage to a foreign prince ; another tells of two Persian monks hiding the eggs in their hollow staffs when returning from China to Persia, which after-wards produced its own silk.

It was not until the end of the seventeenth century that Dr. Hooke of the Isle of Wight-Wondered whether it might not be possible to reproduce this silk spinning artificially, but.nothing came of it. However, chemists found that silk was composed of cellulose, and that the silkworms extracted the cellulose from the mulberry leaves and then released it in thin streams through the openings in their heads, and that the thread would then immediately be cooled by air. Eventually, a process was invented by which cellulose was produced from wood. By this time, electricity had been discovered, and the using of electricity for light necessitated the developing of a fine but strong thread which would glow brightly when an electric current was passed through it. Sir Joseph Swan found that the best thread or filament was produced by passing a cellulose solution through tiny openings. His wife was interested in his work, and seeing all these threads lying around and being of an economical and practical nature, she crocheted them into borders for her table mats, thus taking the first step in using cellulose as a fabric.

Count Hilaire de Chardonnet then took up the story and perfected the process, imitating the methods of the silkworm. Finally, he succeeded in producing a fabric at his factory at Besanson in France. It was called " artificial silk" and he patented the process in 1884. And the death of -myriads of creatures was made unnecessary by the ingenuity of man.

L. DAVIS.

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LETTERS TO THE; EDITOR Killer Diets!

Undoubtedly Dr.'Haler's criticism on the vegan diet (see " The Vegan ", Autumn, 1968) has surprised many vegans and has justly caused indignation. - ""•

It has given the general - public quite a wrong impression. Thii is a'pity as it appears, at least.in my country, that a con-siderable number of people are becoming more interested and conscious of the value of fresh vegetable food, owing to research by experts.

But for the rest.Tam convinced that most of my adherents have not been influenced in the least about the nonsense that has been written, supported as they are by experts and prominent laymen1, Who -are in favour of vegetable feeding. TTie bright side of it is indeed that it forms a challenge to us to .prove thai our principle is right.

Does Dr. Haler consider that those people who include all kinds of animal foods in their diets are more resistant to infection than consistent vegetarians? Facts prove otherwise.

Even from my comparatively small circle of relatives, friends and acquaintances who are not vegetarians at all, it regu-larly appears in some cases that they are not resistant to infection, notwithstanding " the bricks and the necessary defence materials " in: their blood owing to their animal food. My wife (sixty-five) and myself (seventy-two) and many • adherents have enjoyed good health-and-stamina on the vegan diet and I wish emphatic-ally to state that it appears to be. better than many people of the same ages or-even younger. Many of my vegan friends have the same experience.

. Consequently Dr. Haler's condemnation of the vegetable feed-ing is in my opinion unjustified.

For the rest I quite agree with him that " man cannot live by bread alone" and that is why we vegans generally eat less bread than most other people, as we dispose of a variety of much better fresh vegetable foods, which contain all! the necessary nutrients, especially Vitamins and minerals, to create the energy to resist infection and disease.

In this respect it must be admitted, that, in some cases a deficiency of vitamin B ^ has been, established. This objection can easily be obviated- by including this vitamin in our diet.

Dr. Haler might be- interested in a publication in a Dutch periodical of October. 1968, from which I quote as follows: —

" An international congress in London of prominent medical men informed the Ministry of Public Health that the majority of elderly, people in hospitals, clinics and similar establishments (t doubt whether there was any vegetarian among them!—K), was suffering from a serious lack of vitamins, which undermines them physically aridVcaiises; new d i sease

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• The preparation of food. in hospitals is,: according to medical • research,, so. old-fashioned that-in .almost all hospitals with more than fifty beds, food! for the patients contains far too little vitamin C. It has" been established that in about half of I the biggest hospitals there is an almost complete loss of this vitamin in potatoes and a Joss of 75% in " fresh ." vegetables. The food of'elderly patients" outside "the..'hospitals shows,- according to thorough .tests, a "still more gloomy image. About 29% of the patients examined did not appear, to . have diseases. caused by lack of vitamins! But with 33% serious indications were found and .with . 38% obvious symptoms pointed to great deficiency in the vitamin. B groiip.

Some doctors, are. of opinion that such a serious deficiency riot only undermines, the physical resistance but may also cause cerebral haemorrhage and heart diseases, etc."

I will conclude now by mentioning ,that from time to time non-vegetarians consult me about their complaihts! Somehow or other they have confidence in me notwithstanding my vege-table diet, which alarms Dr. Haler so much. I try to give them an insight in our purposes and tell them'about my own experience, but as a layman I always think it is my duty to refer them to a doctor who is in favour of vegetable feeding . The Hague, Holland. H . KRAMER.

.. I have a copy of Mr. McClelland's letter in the " Health for Al l" that is a great article but—

I wish someone could persuade Jack to write a three-day, mouthful for mouthful, exact detailed list of his food intake, times/of meals, amounts of food, weight, etc., and details of food. That would be a very great inspiration for others.

PAULINE LEWIS.

Birmingham, 28. I know lots of people maintain that vegans LACK

vigour, owing to the la&k of vitamin B12. But why? Plantmilk and Granogen both contain vitamin B12.

Trying to think of1 a slogan 'the following rhyme came into my mind. How does it appeal to you?: — .

V is for vegan, and very good too. E is for " eats " which can be very few.

' ' G is'for gardening with composted soil! A is for apples all' grown without toil.

. N is. for Nature which vegans don't spoil. . . ., With all best wishes, I remain,

. I ; • <> • LILLIE HOUGHTON. P:S!—Jack 'McClelland ?s letter definitely, disproves,, .the asser-

tion- that vegans need necessarily- lack-strength-.122

.. Colchester, Essex. Each time I* receive "'Hie Vegan " and read with joy the

increasing number of manufacturers making non-leather shoes, I regret there is no mention of children's shoes.

As it is so vital that children should have good shoes I am concerned to know where vegan mothers find good non-leather shofes." If there is no manufacture of children's shoes I am Wflljng to write a letter/petition which could be sent to manufacturers who could well produce children's shoes if they saw a demand.

Another problem I have. Where can one find a vegan vitamin D? Also malt? Both my children, fed on a good vegan diet suffer very often from colds in winter and I think the lack of vitamin D is the cause, or is it?

I would be glad if you would publish this letter as I would like; to'hear what vegans think. JUDITH DAWES.

What is a good, substitute for wool apart from nylon, etc.. which 1 do not like apart from it not being healthy.

P.S.—rWe did. buy some very good non-leather sandals in Marks and Spencer.

Solihull, Warwickshire. • 'After spending a short holiday at Miss Margaret Fisher's

Eastbourne guest-house, I should like to bring to the attention of our members the excellent facilities for vegans that Miss Fisher1 "has provided. The house is beautifully furnished throughout, and the rooms are fitted up with everything vegans cati possibly need for comfortable self-catering. I found that Miss Fisher herself had been a thorough-going vegan for the last sixteen years, and I am sure she is making a considerable contribution to the vegan cause by running this guest-house as she does. RICHARD NEWTON.

T . . . . , Barmouth, Merioneth. , I have had an idea— . 1 That people hesitating whether to become vegans (or vege-

tarians), might like to try during their holidays, then they would not have to worry about the chlange-over affecting their energy output for work. Also there are more fresh fruits and vegetables about. , , . , (Miss) D . M. NEVILL.

New South Wales. Australia.

The word " vegetarian " does not derive from " vegetable " but from the ancient Greek word " Vegetus" meaning living. Thus a true vegetarian is one who lives on living, vital food. The. dead carcasses of .animals, fish and birds are excluded.

t RICHARD FETXING.

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Pets for Vivisection Heard on a bus. " In a way I am glad that cats are now

being specially bred for laboratories, at least we shall not have the family in a panic every time Beauty is missing for an hour for fear she has been stolen by cat thieves."

I know, how she felt. We are: well aware, that every animal (two or. four legged) has the same right to live out its natural life unmolested, and that , life is equally precious to the pesky stoat and the pet siamese, but nevertheless it does not seem quite the same and no doubt most pet owners have felt this way at some time, albeit somewhat guiltily.

- But their relief was unjustified, cat stealing for vivisection continues in spite of the breeders. A vanload of cats was taken into custody at Bushey, Herts., on May 30th this year. Some of the stolen cats have been identified by their owners and two men, both living in Birmingham, were charged with unlawful possession, and remanded • in custody but later released on bail. These were unfortunate enough to be caught.

The reason stray cats and dogs can still find a ready market at hospitals and universities is an economic one, so that, ironically enough it is the breeders of " laboratory animals " (as if they were somehow inferior and born without feelings or instinct!) who are most fiercely opposed to the pet stealers with whom they-are in competition!

They are Having similar troubles in the U.S.A., some States have managed to pass laws which require the licencing of persons dealing in animals, but in iriany places, dog thefts and cruel treatment of animals in transit to laboratories (often stolen) is a perpetual problem. One little example: —

From the Information Report, Animal Welfare Institute, New York

" In the State of Mississipi during the course of the year, three state legislatures acted to make theft of pets more difficult. New York State passed a law prohibiting scientific, institutions from purchasing~dogs and cats, for experimental purposes unless proof of ownership is received from the seller and kept on record.

.Massachusetts raised the penalty for. theft of a dog to $1,000 or a year's imprisonment or both. Wrongful removal of a dog's collar now may be punished by a fine of $100 and/or six months imprisonment.

Michigan passed a law of considerably more comprehensive nature. Rovocable licenses are required for dealers who sell dogs or .cats to laboratories. They must identify each animal; and records of the purchase, sale, transportation, and handling of the .dogs arid cats must be inade and kept, both by research facilities and dealers.. Hie Director of the State Department of Agriculture is authorised to promulgate rules and regulations to govern the handling, of dogs and cats by dealers and research

.124

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.125

facilities to promote their health, well being, and 'safety. A -dealer's license may be suspended or revoked if he has been convicted of cruelty to animals.

Pennsylvania and Illinois passed laws in 1965 which require licensing of dog dealers. .

In the State of Mississippi, a bill passed thfe House. which was designed ' to provide for the humane treatment of dogs handled in commerce; to regulate persons engaged as dbg dealers in the buying, selling, and transportation of dogs; to provide for the licensing of such dealers; to define the power of the licensing agency to refuse, revoke, or suspend licenses and establish the ' procedure for appeal, to provide penalties for violation and for related purposes.' The bill was sponsored by nineteen members of the House, but it died in the Senate committee to which it was referred."

(The emphasis is mine.) AQUARIUS.

HoUand Dear Friends,—As for the use of school milk as recommended in many newspapers, I wish to tell you that I applied to a Dutch doctor who already disapproved the use of it some years ago. He wrote me that he would refute the " nonsense " as he literally mentioned it, about the result of the researoh in an article to be inserted in a medical periodical. He promised me to seiid a copy of it as soon as he is ready.

I will translate it—if not too scientific—and send it to you for " The Vegan ".

With regard to synthetic meat substitutes, 1 am pleased to say that I read last week in my newspaper that " artificial meat" would be obtainable in our country in the beginning of 1969. This will be made of soya, has a good taste and is muoh cheaper than flesh-meat. This means great progress. In the heading of their article was written: "Artificial Meat for Vegetarians". This was a ridiculous mistake as we vegetarians do not want fleshmeat or artificial meat, which is only, meant for the flesh-eater!

Mr. Ling wrote me that Plantmilk as produced by the Plantmilk Society will be imported • by a Dutch' Vegetarian ' Restaurant in The Hague, which I know. pj CRAMER

Mr. Kramer was referring of course to ;T,V P; 'or Textured Vegetable Protein foods which a nutritionist i m hailed' as the greatest advance in food since bread: " ;

; ' < •! « •.; .j ;

A Press Release from the Londorij' Vgge&riajd ,;8Wpiety ..(jells us that over 80% of the value 6f; the iN&rth isqya-., ' crop is wasted by-using it .as feed for factory^farnf Wimals: ' .126

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Try VEG-E-VIT tablets today—85 tablets 4/-, 300 tablets 12/-, 1,000 tablets 36/- (or order direct from the maker—add 9d. for postage and packing).

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.127

" A factory to supply Western Europe with T.V.P. is being buiit in Holland. An automated plant in Japan will be producing the new meats in 1969 at l/6d. a pound—much cheaper than flesh-meat and fish. These vegetarian foods "offer hope to undernourished peoples and to nations propping up their fat-stock farming with heavy subsidies. They also promise relief from the grim slaughter of millions of animals." •

New Zealand Quote . . . " 1 cannot see any need to continue school milk.

In a survey of the heights and weights of those children who did not take school milk there was no significant difference between their height and weight and those of the national average."

DR. RONALD SPRENGER, Nottingham's Principal School Medical Officer.

"Auckland Star", 25/1/66. New Zealand.

HOW FAR HAS VEGANISM PROGRESSED IN THE PAST TWENTY-FOUR YEARS?

For the purposes of research we arc anxious to know how many of our readers are living on a completely vegan diet and for how long. Also we occasionally hear from, a member who has, for one reason or another, reintroduced a non-vegan item into his diet. It would help us to know the reason and whether or not this was a temporary measure.

We also know that there are many " near vegans " who are readers but not members; we should like to hear from them also.

Please fill in the enclosed questionnaire as accurately as possible, sign and return to the Magazine Secretary, Miss Thelma Larkin, at 48 Dunmow Gardens. West Horndon, Brentwood, Essex, as soon as possible. All information will be regarded as strictly confidential and only the facts noted for our records. The papers are then to be destroyed.

m a r i n u re p o w d e r e d s e a w e e d m a n u r e

Marinure is pure powdered seaweed, nothing added and nothing taken away. It is a natural veganic manure, soil conditioner and compost activator. Beds- 4 oz. sq. yd.: Lawns 2 oz. sq. yd.

56 lbs. 40/-; 1 cwt. 60/-. All carriage paid, including full descriptive leaflet. Or please send for

free leaflet, mentioning " The Vegan." WIILFRD SMITH (HORTICULTURAL) LTD., Gemini House, High Street, Edgware, MIDDLESEX .128

MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS Terms: Cash with Order to The Vegan Society, 123 Baker Street,

Enfield, Middlesex.

(2/- per line: minimum 2 lines; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

BLACKHEATH'S HEALTH FOOD STORE. An impressive selection of Health Foods. Juice Bar and Refreshment Room — small and cosy, with personal attention. Tasty snacks, generous salads and appetising hot meals. Nutrition without Cruelty — vegetarian and vegan foods; Science without Cruelty — herbal remedies. Also Beauty without Cruelty — harmless soaps and cosmetics. Plantmilk, nuts, seeds and grains—a speciality. Wholewheat bread and cakes. Compost-grown produce. Large selection of health books. Afreta Healing Oil, a unique combination of natural oils, wonderfully penetrating in the relief of sprains, burns, rheumatism, bronchitis, etc. 3/3d. and 6/3d., plus l / 6d . postage. HEALTHWAYS, 5 Tranquil Passage. London, S.E.3. LEE Green 5811.

BRITISH VEGETARIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT. An organisation for people 12—35. Social gatherings, holidays, monthly magazine, etc., organised. Further particulars from Secretary, B.V.Y.M., c /o London Vegetarian Society, 53 Marloes Road, London, W.8.

GENTLEMAN, keen chess player (moderate strength), 50, married, desires occasional gam , Bromley (Kent) area.

HEALTH through NATURAL HYGIENE. Are you interested in Health achieved naturally and without the exploitation of other human beings and animals? Natural Hygiene is a system of health preservation and restoration which meets these requirements. For literature, send 6d. stamp to: The Secretary,. British Nat. Hygiene Soc., 40 Foxburrow Road, Norwich, Norfolk.

THE COMPASSIONATE DOCTRINE OF AHIMSA is stressed in the monthly publication "AHIMSA" (non-killing, harmlessness). Full year, 10s. in British stamps or coins. THE AMERICAN VEGAN SOCIETY, Malaga, N.J. 08328, U.S.A.

THE PARAMARTHA COMMUNITY is establishing a book shop and centre for the advancement of the following and related ideals:— Vegetarianism, Veganism, Social Justice, Peace, Internationalism, Non-violence, Mutual Aid, Racial Harmony, Spiritual Understanding and Freedom. We invite you to send for more information to The Paramartha Community—c/o The Grange, Broadway West, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 3.

VEGFAM. Famine Relief—Without Animal Exploitation—by vegetable foods/irrigation for same. Donations to Hon. Secretary, VEGFAM, The Sanctuary, Lydford, Devon.

WORLD FORUM. The leading international Vegetarian quarterly. Edited by Mrs. Esm6 Wynne-Tyson. Advocates the vegetarian way of life for physical health and a true relationship between the human and creature kingdoms—without exploitation and cruelty. 2/-, plus 6d. post per copy. 10/- per year, post free.—H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22.

ESTABLISHMENTS CATERING FOR VEGANS MAJORCA.—For retired couple is offered comfortably furnished flat

in English widow's home with kind climate and beautiful views at reasonable rent for permanency. Further particulars with reply coupon please, from: RITCHIE, Salud, (1S3) Palma de Mallorca.

BOURNEMOUTH. Bed, breakfast a nd Food Reform. Mr. and Mrs. Mather, Bourne-mouth. Also self-catering flat near Health Food Store.

BROOK LINN.—Callander, Perthshire. Vegetarian and Vegan meals care-fully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable guest house. Near Trossachs and Western Highlands. Mrs. Muriel Choffin. Callander 103

EASTBOURNE. Very good self-catering facilities ; single and double. Every comfort and convenience. Pleasantly situated outskirts of town. Easy access shops and sea front. Parking space. Margaret Fisher, Edgehill Vegetarian Guest House, Mill Road. Telephone: 30627 and 21084. V.C.A. Member.

EDSTONE, WOOTTON WAWEN, WARWICKSHIRE (near Stratford-on-Avon). Modem Nature Cure Resort and Guest House with every comfort, and compost-grown produce. (Phone: Claverdon 327.)

LAKE DISTRICT. Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive guest house for invigorating, refreshing holidays.—Write Isabel James. Tel.: 334.

LARGE COMFORTABLE MODERNISED COUNTRY HOUSE. Own produce. Beautiful peaceful setting. Vegans and raw eaters welcome. Mr. and Mrs. H. Wood, Food Reform Guest House, Wye Valley, Medhope Grove, Tintern, Mon. (Ass. Vegan Society.)

" W O O D C O T E " , Lelant, St. Ives, Cornwall, is a high-class Vegetarian Food Reform Guest House in a warm and sheltered situation over-looking the Hayle Estuary. Composted vegetables; home-made whole-wheat bread; vegans catered for knowledgeably. Mr. and Mrs. Woolfrey. Tel . : Hayle 3147. Early bookings for Summer very advisable.

WOTTON-UNDER-EDGE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Coombe Lodge is a Manor House set in a two-acre garden on the southern slopes of the Cotswold Hills, overlooking Coombe Valley, where most fruit and vegetables are home-grown. Demonstrations given of Vegan Cookery. Apply Kathleen Keleny. Tel.: Wotton-under-Edge 3165.

Do you ever wonder " What is in i t?" when purchasing Soup, Soap or Margarine? Don't ' hope for the bes t ' in future, send for

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2/6d. post free, f rom: THE VEGAN SOCIETY, 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex

Printed by H. H. GREAVES LID., 106/110, Lordthip Lane, East Dolwich. London, S.E.22.