the vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õa figure 3.5: a vertical column of air of density...

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Chapter 3 The ver,cal structure of the atmosphere

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Page 1: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

Chapter  3  

The  ver,cal  structure  of  the  atmosphere  

Page 2: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

What  is  Ch3  about?  •  Observed  ver3cal  distribu3on  of  temperature,  water  vapor,  

and  greenhouse  gases  in  the  atmosphere.  

•  Comparison  between  observed  temperature  and  radia3ve  equilibrium  profile.    

•  Implied  distribu3on  of  pressure  and  density,  assuming  the  atmosphere  to  be  in  hydrosta3c  balance,  and  comparison  with  observa3ons.    

•  Density  and  pressure  decay  with  height  by  a  factor  of  e    every  7–  8  km  (atmosphere  does  not  have  a  top)  

Page 3: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

O2  abs  UV  

O3  abs  UV  

O3  peak  conc  

 Molecules  (O2,  CO2),    dominant  IR  emiNer    

Page 4: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

OZONE  LAYER  IS  VERY  OPAQUE  TO  UV  

Page 5: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

DISTRIBUTION  OF  WATER  VAPOR  IS  IN  LARGE  PART  A  CONSEQUENCE  OF  THE  CLAUSIUS-­‐CLAPEYRON  

Page 6: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

TROPOSPHERIC  TEMPERATURE  CANNOT  BE  EXPLAINED  JUST  BY  RADIATION        TROPOSPHERE  WARMED  BY  CONVECTION  FROM  LOWER  SURFACE  

Page 7: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

THE  RELATIONSHIP  BETWEEN  PRESSURE  AND  DENSITY:    HYDROSTATIC  BALANCE  

What  is  the  implied  ver3cal  distribu3on  of  pressure  p    and  density  ρ  ?    If  the  atmosphere  were  at  rest,  or  sta3c,  then  pressure  at  any  level  would  depend  on  the  weight  of  the  fluid  above  that  level  -­‐  hydrosta3c  balance    

Page 8: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 9: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

 hydrosta3c  balance  

Page 10: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 11: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 12: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 13: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure

Ref  profile:  T0=237.08  K  H=6.80  km  

Page 14: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 15: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 16: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure
Page 17: The vercal (structure( of(the(atmosphere((p+òp)õA Figure 3.5: A vertical column of air of density p, horizontal cross-sectional area "4, height òz, and mass M pðAòz. The pressure