the vietnam war€¦ · french rule in vietnam late 1800s-wwii, france rules most of indochina...

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THE VIETNAM WAR Moving Toward Conflict

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Page 1: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

THE VIETNAM WARMoving Toward Conflict

Page 2: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM

Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina

1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo-Chinese communists

Vietminh– Vietnamese communists (North); sought independence for Vietnam

Sept. 1945, Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam an independent nation

Page 3: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

Vietnam’s Independence

What is the Vietminh’s main goal?

Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam as independent nation.

Page 4: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

FRANCE BATTLES THE VIETMINH

1945: French troops return to Southern Vietnam

1950: United States begins economic aid to France to stop communism.

Page 5: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

To prevent Southeast Asia from turning to communism

Why did the U.S. get involved in the struggle?

Page 6: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists
Page 7: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

THE VIETMINH DRIVE OUT THE FRENCH

Domino Theory: introduced by Eisenhower; if one country fell to communism, they all would

Geneva Accords: peace agreement that divided communist North and non-communist South (until unification elections)

Election to unify country called for in 1956

Dien Bein Phu: French outpost surrendered to Vietminh in NW Vietnam

Page 8: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists
Page 9: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists
Page 10: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

DIEM CANCELS ELECTIONS

Ho Chi Minh has brutal, repressive regime but is popular for land distribution

Ngo Dinh Diem: strong anti-communist South Vietnamese president; refused to take part in election

U.S. promises military aid for stable, reform government tin South

Diem corrupt, stiles opposition, restricts Buddhism

Vietcong: South Vietnamese communists

Ho Chi Minh Trail: network of paths that supplied arms to the Vietcong

Page 11: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

Ngo Dinh Diem (with U.S. support) cancelled them; feared Ho Chi Minh and the communists would win

Why were the elections in Vietnam cancelled?

Page 12: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

KENNEDY AND VIETNAM

Like Eisenhower, JFK backs Diem financially; sends military advisers

Diem’s popularity plummets from corruption, lack of land reform

Diem starts strategic hamlet program to fight Vietcong (villagers resent being moved from ancestral homes)

Diem presses attacks on Buddhism; monks burn themselves in protest

U.S. supported military coup topples government; Diem assassinated

Page 13: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

THE SOUTH GROWS MORE UNSTABLE

Succession of military leaders rule South Vietnam; country unstable

LBJ thinks U.S. can lose international prestige if communists win

Page 14: THE VIETNAM WAR€¦ · FRENCH RULE IN VIETNAM Late 1800s-WWII, France rules most of Indochina 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh– leader of Indo- Chinese communists

THE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION

Alleged attack in Gulf of Tonkin; LBJ asks for power to repel enemy

Tonkin Gulf Resolution: granted Johnson broad military powers in Vietnam (adopted by Congress)

1965: 8 Americans killed in an attack by Vietcong

Operation Rolling Thunder: sustained bombing campaign over North Vietnam after a Vietcong attack killing 8 Americans