the view from south africa/colin wright, david walwyn
TRANSCRIPT
The view from South AfricaSA-EU Open Science Workshop
20171130
Professor Colin Wright
Professor David Walwyn
With thanks toSusan Veldsman (ASSAf)Lazarus Matizirofa (NRF)
hellip for inputs
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 1
Warming world
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 2
Our Worldhellip
bull Percentage of population undernourishedbull Hunger amp climate vulnerability index
8 ways climate change is impacting Africa1 Weather patterns2 Water Supply and Quality3 Agriculture and Food4 Human Health5 Shelter6 Vulnerable Population7 National Security8 Ecosystems
Reproducibility
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 3
Rapid change and innovation
order of our dayhellipbombarded
with foreign terms eg
bull Digital economy
bull Globalisation
bull Internet of Things
bull Big Data amp Cloud Computing
bull Smart Cities
bull Social media
bull Artificial Intelligence (AI)
bull Robotics
bull Smart mobile devices
bull 4th Industrial Revolution
bull DatahellipDaTahellipDATA
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 4
Industry 40 took centre
stage at the opening of the
9th AU Private Sector
Forum hellip forum held under
theme ldquoAccelerating
Africarsquos Industrialization
through Digitization and
Youth Techno-preneurshiprdquo
Imperatives
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 5
Research
InnovationEducation
To be genuinely competitive in the knowledge economy one must be competitive atbull producing knowledge through researchbull diffusing it through educationbull applying it through innovation
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 6
OECD Making Open Science a reality 2015
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
Warming world
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 2
Our Worldhellip
bull Percentage of population undernourishedbull Hunger amp climate vulnerability index
8 ways climate change is impacting Africa1 Weather patterns2 Water Supply and Quality3 Agriculture and Food4 Human Health5 Shelter6 Vulnerable Population7 National Security8 Ecosystems
Reproducibility
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 3
Rapid change and innovation
order of our dayhellipbombarded
with foreign terms eg
bull Digital economy
bull Globalisation
bull Internet of Things
bull Big Data amp Cloud Computing
bull Smart Cities
bull Social media
bull Artificial Intelligence (AI)
bull Robotics
bull Smart mobile devices
bull 4th Industrial Revolution
bull DatahellipDaTahellipDATA
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 4
Industry 40 took centre
stage at the opening of the
9th AU Private Sector
Forum hellip forum held under
theme ldquoAccelerating
Africarsquos Industrialization
through Digitization and
Youth Techno-preneurshiprdquo
Imperatives
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 5
Research
InnovationEducation
To be genuinely competitive in the knowledge economy one must be competitive atbull producing knowledge through researchbull diffusing it through educationbull applying it through innovation
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 6
OECD Making Open Science a reality 2015
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 3
Rapid change and innovation
order of our dayhellipbombarded
with foreign terms eg
bull Digital economy
bull Globalisation
bull Internet of Things
bull Big Data amp Cloud Computing
bull Smart Cities
bull Social media
bull Artificial Intelligence (AI)
bull Robotics
bull Smart mobile devices
bull 4th Industrial Revolution
bull DatahellipDaTahellipDATA
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 4
Industry 40 took centre
stage at the opening of the
9th AU Private Sector
Forum hellip forum held under
theme ldquoAccelerating
Africarsquos Industrialization
through Digitization and
Youth Techno-preneurshiprdquo
Imperatives
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 5
Research
InnovationEducation
To be genuinely competitive in the knowledge economy one must be competitive atbull producing knowledge through researchbull diffusing it through educationbull applying it through innovation
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 6
OECD Making Open Science a reality 2015
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 4
Industry 40 took centre
stage at the opening of the
9th AU Private Sector
Forum hellip forum held under
theme ldquoAccelerating
Africarsquos Industrialization
through Digitization and
Youth Techno-preneurshiprdquo
Imperatives
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 5
Research
InnovationEducation
To be genuinely competitive in the knowledge economy one must be competitive atbull producing knowledge through researchbull diffusing it through educationbull applying it through innovation
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 6
OECD Making Open Science a reality 2015
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 5
Research
InnovationEducation
To be genuinely competitive in the knowledge economy one must be competitive atbull producing knowledge through researchbull diffusing it through educationbull applying it through innovation
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 6
OECD Making Open Science a reality 2015
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 6
OECD Making Open Science a reality 2015
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
ASSAf Draft Position Statement on Open Science in South AfricaFebruary 2017
ldquoOpen Science is the practice of science in such a way that
others can collaborate and contribute where research data lab
notes and other research processes are freely available under
terms that enable reuse redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methodsrdquo ndash FOSTER Project
funded by the European Commission
ldquoOpen Science moves beyond open access research articles
towards encompassing other research objects such as data
software codes protocols and workflows The intention is for
people to use re-use and distribute content without legal
technological or social restrictions In some cases Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research process from
agenda-setting to the dissemination of findingsrdquo ndash Open and
Collaborative Science in Development Network project funded
by IDRC
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 7
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
Open Research Lifecycle ndash lsquoopenrsquo sciencedoi 105281zenodo49960
Open Science in the
South African context
will include the natural
sciences alongside
humanities and social sciences
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 8
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 9
Figure 11 Open Science ldquoWheelrdquo
describing key Open Science
characteristics and indicators Created
by the Open Science Monitor
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 10
Figure 43 Engaging researchers at all levels supporting structure
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 11
Overview
The Open Access (OA) movement in Africa is slowly gaining
pace By 2015 over 500 OA journals published in North and sub-
Saharan Africa are indexed in the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) and in African Journals Online (AJOL)
Worldwide Africa
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 12
Open Data and Open Access
bull Big Data Extreme Data Long Dark Tail
bull Open except when over-riding considerations
prescribe otherwise
bull Privacy amp ethical issues
bull FAIR Principles Findable Accessible Interoperable
Reproducible
bull Trusted Research Data Repositories Infrastructures
bull Do existing policies hinder exploitationmdashnew policies
and funding opportunities needed
bull Blockages How to overcome them
bull Roles of libraries and librarians
bull Predator journals Open Review
bull Data needs to be curated for the long haul
bull Data Management Planshellip
Some SA actionsbull Berlin declaration (gt=11 Univs ASSAf LIASA)
Increase support for and
interoperability of OA repositories
Support new and innovative OA
publishing models that meet highest
possible scholarly standards and
Cooperate to ensure smooth transition
to stable and functioning open
scholarly publishing systembull CODATA (NRF)bull NRF Statement on Open Access to Research
Publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-Funded Research
bull Data Plans various Universities
bull ASSAf OPEN ACCESS SciELO SA--open-access
full-text searchable database of selected high-quality SA scholarly journals
bull Earth Observation Statement Nov 2015 at Ministersrsquo summit
bull Signed the 2016 G20 and other Open Data
declarations
bull SAEON and KP
SA Member of the G8+O5 Data Working Group of the GSO
on Global Research Infrastructures which drafted the G87
declaration on Open Data
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 13
Open Science Governance and regulations
bull Researchers need confidence before they share information openly reward for taking part
bull International experience stakeholders have a meaningful presence and role in governance
bull Regular independent objective reviews
bull Overarching principles to guide national system
bull Policies and actions should be realistic but simultaneously not idealistic
bull Except for personal and security data other data should be made available subject to ethical standards--
but where are the boundaries as countries enforce data protection policies
Funding
bull What funds are needed to advance Open Science Sustainability considerations
Full cost of repositories addressed in a recent OECD WG report
Secure long term preservation of datahellip
Set-up costs and annual operating costs
bull Who will cover cost Public funds private channels Should the user contribute
bull What is the incentive for private sector
bull Are there non-African agencies and foundations that can be approached
bull Which ministries should be involved and what is the role of the NRF
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 14
Skills and Training a) Data Scientists amp
Librarians
bull Large body of knowledge exists eg
EDISON CODATA WDS RDA
Map EDISON learnings onto ZA
needs and structures
Data Carpentry Workshops
bull Data Scientists host of categories
Specialists look after data
repositories
Data collector data user data
manager
bull Data Science skills development
programme at all levels--school curricula
bull Librarians amp Data Curators (DCC)
httpedison-projecteusitesedison-projecteufilesattached_filesnode-488edison-general-introduction-edsfpdf
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 15
Skills and Training b) Researchers
bull Embed OS in cradle to grave education
eg junior citizen scientists in the
school classroom
bull Upskill workforce via interventions
New entrants
Overawed mid-career researchers
bull Other skills legal public science
bull Not only Natural Scientists but also
Humanities and Social Sciences
Business leaders
DST initiated programmemdashNEPTTP
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 16
Citizen Science
bull Train citizens who are not researchers into using OS
in an effective constructive and democratic wayhellip
bull Major impact of Open Science data and publications
open to citizens around globe
bull Policies that could assist in bringing African cultures
nearer to each other
bull Harness Citizen Science to
Inspire the next generation of researchers
Gather information re exotic and threatened
species languages etc
bull SKA and other projects role wrt Citizen ScienceSAEO
bull South Africa SANBI httpbiodiversityadvisorsanbiorgparticipationcitizen-science
bull Cape Citizen Science httpcitscicoza
bull Naturersquos Valley httpwwwnaturesvalleytrustcozaprogrammesecological-researchcitizen-science-projects
bull CSIR httpswwwcsircozacsir-calls-public-participate-rapid-citizen-science-survey
bull SA Climate change httpsqzcom996437the-photos-from-a-citizen-science-project-capture-southern-africas-climate-change-future
bull SANBI Fish species httpwwwduccozaindexphpactivitiesduc-environmental-portfolioseakeys
bull Birdlife South Africa httpswwwbirdlifeorgzaget-involvedbird-monitoring
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 17
Open Infrastructure required by Open Science
bull Open sustainable Research Infrastructures bull Open sustainable Cyber e-Infrastructuresbull Role contribution of National Laboratories amp
Research Councils
bull Public and private infrastructure eg research data
infrastructures computational resources
broadband provision etc
bull Appropriately governed attract long term
investment and not one-off initiative
bull SADC STE Ministers adopt regional CI Strategy
framework
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 18
Open Innovation
bull OI encourages new innovations to develop
quickly in a fast moving market place
bull Pre-competitive PPP and OI
bull Tax incentives business practices etc to
encourage further investment
bull Encourage link between OS and OI in both
public and private sectors
bull Rethink aspects of IP rulesmdashin a world where
machines can invent things
bull Learn from organizations eg Philips Eindhoven
Open Campus Hitachi Samsung Tesla GM
and GSK Healthcare hellip GM 1911
bull NASA Genome Project impact on
innovationhellip
A perspective on open innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa and design requirements for an open innovation approach W Krause CSL Schutte
M Gastrow Open innovation in South Africa case studies in nanotechnology biotechnology and open source software development Journal
for New Generation Sciences 2011ldquo$145 billion invested by the US Government in the Human Genome Project has seen a 60-fold return in investmentrdquo
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 19
Open Innovation
bull Purposebull Partnerbull Platformbull Possibilitiesbull Planbull Pyramid
bull Problembull Prototypebull Pilotbull Productbull Product service systemsbull Process
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
South African IP LegislationMost relevant to the overall framework is the South African Patent Act 57 of 1978
Comprehensive list at httpwwwwipointwipolexenprofilejspcode=ZA
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 2013 (Act No 28 of 2013) (2013)
bull Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act 2008 (Act No 51 of 2008) (2008)
bull Patents Amendment Act 2005 (Act No 20 of 2005) (2005)
bull Patents Act 1978 (Act No 57 of 1978 as amended up to Patents Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Merchandise Marks Act 1941 (Act No 17 of 1941 as amended up to Merchandise Marks Amendment Act 2002) (2003)
bull Performersrsquo Protection Amendment Act 2002 (2002)
bull Copyright Act 1978 (Act No 98 of 1978 as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002) (2002)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997 (Act No 38 of 1997) (1997)
bull Designs Act 1993 (Act No 195 of 1993 as amended by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Act 1997) (1997)
bull Intellectual Property Laws Rationalisation Act 1996 (Act No 107 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breeders Rights Amendment Act 1996 (Act No 673 of 1996) (1996)
bull Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Act 1976 (Act No 15 of 1976 as last amended by Plant Breedersrsquo Rights Amendment Act 1996) (1996)
bull Trade Marks Act 1993 (Act No 194 of 1993) (1993)
bull Vlaglied Copyright Act 1974 (Act No 9 of 1974) (1974)
bull Performers Protection Act 1967 (Act No 11 of 1967) (1967)
bull Stem Van Suid-Afrika Copyright Act 1959 (1959)
Potential for Open Science and Open Innovation SA ContextProfessor David Walwyn University of Pretoria
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 20
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
Treaties
bull Patent Cooperation Treaty (March 16 1999)
(South Africa is a PCT signatory)bull Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (July 14 1997)
bull Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (March 23 1975)
bull Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (December 1 1947)
bull Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (October 3 1928)
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 21
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
The Role of PRHEI (Public Research amp HE Institutions) Strategy
bull Act does not prescribe details of what should be patented (and then published) what can be published without protection and how protection should be obtained (national vs international filing etc)
bull Interpretation and implementation of Act subject to institutional strategy and also the nature of the disclosure
IP and Public-Financed RampD
Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act Act 51 of 2008 (IPR-PFRD)
bull most significant recent development very important wrt the OS initiativebull places obligations on agencies which receive public funding for RampD
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 22
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
Interface between Protected and Open Science
bull There is no reason that the two frameworks should not operate alongside each other
bull Both approaches relate to the distribution and utilization of knowledge
bull Although public disclosure will lsquospoilrsquo IP (no longer lsquonovelrsquo) this is only the case if public disclosure PRECEDES patent application
bull PRHEIs already acknowledge both knowledge pathways
Goal is to maximize impact
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 23
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
Other relevant SA Legal Environment issuesbull Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (Act No 54 of 2003) Improves discoverability but does not guarantee access Could limit data
availability because of the legal obligations of lsquocustodianshiprsquo which may make institutions unwilling to publish all available data sets
bull South African Weather Service Amendment Bill
bull Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (Act No 2 of 2000)
bull Protection of Information Bill policy or regulation required to declassify and exempt the data
bull National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act 1996 (Act No 43 of 1996)
bull Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 912 2013)
bull National Archives Act Govt bodies transfer records of enduring value to archives after 30 yrs
bull Legal Deposit Act lsquoDocumentrsquo published in SA must be deposited in 5 legal deposit libraries can be in virtually any format
bull National Library Act enabling act amalgamating former SA amp State Libraries acquire material in terms of Legal Deposit Library Archives Acts
bull Institution Specific Legislation HSRC NRF CSIR etc
bull Acts Electronic Comms Financial Intelligence Promotion of Access to Info Protection of Info Bill
bull Operational regulatory framework funders institute policies amp operational guidelines inter-institute collaborative agreements commercial agreements
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 24
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 25
Metrics and incentives
bull Does the end product impact SA Society
bull Is education system better enabled to produce graduates who can contribute to the new order
bull Is collaboration nurtured
bull Assess contribution of an individual without it becoming a tick box exercise
How will promotions within universities be determined
Does NRF individual classification mitigate against this approach
New career paths
bull Improved research outputs Are research outputs yielding more innovation
bull Are requisite underpinning policies funding governance and management infrastructure in place to achieve the
abovemdashby State Funding Bodies Professional Bodies HEIs National Research Entities hellip
The Role of publishing in Open Collaborative Science (ASSAf)
bull Open and collaborative science policy framework offers potential for creating efficiencies in
research publication through cross-country collaboration and knowledge sharing
bull Expand variety of participants in research process (scholars citizens government) and increase
range impact and efficiency of research in addressing critical challenges
bull Rigorous open review system
This provides publication challenges in terms of participation and authorship raising questions
of accessibility and lsquotranslationrsquo of content for different audience levels and purposes
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza
11302017 Open Science Workshop 20171130 26
Colin Wright colinwrightwrightservercomDavid Walwyn dwalwynresevacoza