the viking gasifier - drive on woodbiomass gasification group, dtu gas temperatures in char bed 500...
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![Page 1: The Viking Gasifier - Drive On WoodBiomass Gasification Group, DTU Gas temperatures in char bed 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 01-04-2003 00:00 04-04-2003 00:00 07-04-2003](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051909/5ffd80a9ac77eb5af027a955/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
The Viking Gasifier
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Outline
●Biomass Gasification Group at DTU
●Two stage gasification
●Viking gasifier● Technologies
● Hurdles on the way
●Results from April 2003●Conclusions
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Biomass Gasification Group
●Thermal conversion of biomass●15 years of experience●12 Employees●Externally financed
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Two-stage gasification✗ Separated pyrolysis
and gasification✗ Partial oxidation of
pyrolysis gases➔ No tar in gas
nor in waste➔ High efficiency
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Viking gasifier at DTU
Commisioned August 2002
Small scale (75 kWfuel)
Unattended operation
Engine woodgas operation for > 1100 hours
Waste: only ash, carbon dust and water
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Key data April 2003●Thermal input 68 kW●Fuel: wood chips●Moisture content 35-45 %●Gasifier efficiency 93%●Engine efficiency 32%●Electric efficiency 27%●Overall electric eff. 25%●Tar level <5mg/Nm3
●Dust level <5mg/Nm3
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Materials
●Partial oxidation zone: Brick lining ●Metal 700-1100C: MA-253 high temp. steel●Metal <700C: Stainless steel●Baghouse filter: Polyethylene
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Bag house filter system
✗ Particle removal justabove water dew point.
✗ Filter cleaning byN2 back flush.➔ Bulk particles and
condensate recovered separately.
➔ Pressure drop <100 mmWG➔ Low energy consumption
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Gas cleaning performance
✗1200 hours of reliable operation without permanent increase of the pressure drop
●Dust after filter <5 mg/Nm3
●Residual tar condenses on particles, removed with these
➔ Tar level in gas dropsfrom 25 to "no tar"(<5 mg/Nm3)
Police filter after 1200 hours
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Viking condensate quality
Amounts: 2-6 l/hNH3: 1 g/lNaphtalene: <20 μg/lOther PAH: <2 μg/lSmell: NH3
⇒ OK for standard biological surridge plant!
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Viking dust quality from bag house filter
Amounts: 100-600 mg/Nm3
=5-30 g/hAsh: Approx. 50%Tar: <5% mass
➔Low temperature reburningin boiler should be possible.
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Ash from gasifier
• Unconverted carbon in ash from gasifier: ≈ 30 %
• Total unconverted carbon:0.1 wt.% of fuel0.3 % of energy in fuel
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Intake manifold of the engine after 1100 hours on Wood Gas
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Experiences●No problems with brick lining ●Minor deposits of salts and carbonates in the hot gas system●No corrosion of hot metal parts●No deposits or corrosion in clean gas system and engine●Shutdown corrosion in the system with cold uncleaned gas
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Hurdles on the way
●Ash removal failed
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Hurdles on the way
●Ash removal failed-> Totally new design
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Hurdles on the way
●Ash removal failed-> Totally new design●Condensation in ash-> Heat tracing
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Hurdles on the way
●Ash removal failed-> Totally new design●Condensation in ash-> Heat tracing
●Ceramics failed/smelted-> New reactor top using
brick lining
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Hurdles on the way
●Ash removal failed-> Totally new design●Condensation in ash-> Heat tracing
●Ceramics failed/smelted-> New reactor using bricks
●Minor hurdles● Valves stuck during idle
periods● Fuel feed blockages● Engine ignition system
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Results during April 2003
Operation:• Gasifier
380 hours April(>1300 hours total)
• Engine346 hours(>1100 hours total)
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Average dry gas composition
H2 30.5 %
CO 19.6 %
CH4 1.2 %
CO2 15.4 %
N2 33.3 %
LHV 5.6 MJ/N m3
HHV 6.2 MJ/N m3
Gas flow(dry. 0°C)
37.1 m3/h
0
5
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25
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45
50
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Time
[Vol
%]
H2 CO CH4
CO2 O2 N2
Heating up Start up1 Start up2
Engine operation Shut down
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Gas temperatures in char bed
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
01-04-200300:00
04-04-200300:00
07-04-200300:00
10-04-200300:00
13-04-200300:00
16-04-200300:00
19-04-200300:00
Time
Tem
pera
ture
[o C] above char bed (T33)
Top of char bed (T36)above grate (T54)Heating upStart up1Start up2Engine operationShut down
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
01-04-200300:00
04-04-200300:00
07-04-200300:00
10-04-200300:00
13-04-200300:00
16-04-200300:00
19-04-200300:00Time
flow: prod. Gas LHV Powerprod. Engine
Heating up Start up1 Start up2
Engine operation Shut down
Gas flow, m3/h
Power, kW
LHV, MJ/Nm3
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Conclusions● Fully automatic unattended operation● 1300 hours of operation● 25 % efficiency from biomass to electricity to the grid.● No tar in the gas● Good engine performance - no deposits in engine● Condensate not a waste problem● Dust can be treated separately● Absence of tars ⇒ simple, cheap gas cleaning
system.
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Biomass Gasification Group, DTU www.bgg.mek.dtu.dk
Questions?