the viola (tours, berthold)

8/12/2019 The Viola (Tours, Berthold)

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G sharp MINOR.

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XXIV.-EXERCISES IN EXPRESSION STYLE c.EXERCISE IN TRIPLETS.

Triplet is the name given to a group of three notes which are performed in the time of two. The triplgenerally indicated y a small slur and the figure 3.

No. sr.

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37During the rest let the bow remain firmly on the string so that the semiquaver can be produced wit

th same amount of tone as the preceding quaver.

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Lento con espressione

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43

P RT III.XXV.-DIFFERENT WAYS OF BOWING.

THE LEGATO.Legato (bound together connected). The bow must pass evenly and smoothly from one string t

another with a free action of the wrist only, and the notes should be played equally, without beinhurried.

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45

XXVI.-THE l\1ARTELE HAMMERED).This bowing consists of sharp decided strokes with the upper part of the bow, and after every note th

ow must rest for an instant on the string.Molto moderato, ma ma.rcato.

No. 57

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XXIX.-THE TREMOLO.The tremolo is played about the middle of the bow the notes being repeated with great rapidity so

to produce a shivering effect. The arm must be kept steady and the wrist free. The notation for thtremolo is usually abbreviated thus:--H =4 =A ~instead of ) I I I ~ I ~ ~ Hor instead of

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5IXXX.-DOUBLE-STOPS.

The bow must remain with equal pressure on both strings, and the points of the fingers should bcarefully placed on the stopped notes, in order to avoid touchingthe next strings.

DOUBLE-STOPS WITH ONE OPEN STRING AND ONE NOTE STOPPEDAndante.

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52

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XXXI.-ARPEGG10.rpeggio is the term used for playing the notes of a chord one after another in rapid succession as

playing upon the harp. The middle of the bow is generally used and the stick must be placed in suchposition that all the hairs touch the strings. The body should remain perfectly quiet and the managemenof the bow must proceed only from the wrist and arm.

OVER THREE STRINGS.

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55ARPEGGIOS OVER FoUR STRINGS:

- - - ~ = = = = = = = = = = = = - -

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57XXXII.-PIZZICATO.

Instead of using the bow the string is pulled with the first finger of the right hand the thumb beinplaced against the fingerboard for support. Care must be taken not to touch the string with the finger nai

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Pizz. pizzicato.Arco or coll arco . again with the bow.

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58APPENDIX

XXXIII.--THE HIGHER POSITIONS.

IN all the foregoing Exercises the highest note used has beenThe Viola has however a compass of notes still higher than this E.

F--I=IG A---- -I =I II

In the higher positions it will be found necessary to indicate on whichstring the note has to be played. The following numbers will thereforebe used:-

I. A string.II. D "III. G "IV. c "

XXXIV.-THIRD POSITION.

1sT ExERCISE IN THE THIRD Pos iTION:- Jvf deratoUH l. TIT'ltA- I ,....., --... T r - - ...lJIOI A .T - IIll. 2 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 - -,...-,... - ... ...3 __.3 2 ---- ----... - - .... 1 ...- 4 3 1 4 3 4 1 2

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EXERCISE IN WHICH THE FIRST SECOND AND THIRD PosiTIONS ARE COMBINED

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EXERCISE IN WHICH THE FIRST AND THIRD POSITIONS ARE COMBINED:

No 68

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XXXV. FOURTH POSITION.The hand must now be raised a little more than before over the edge of the belly to enable the fingeto reach the fourth string.

Allegrorr

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63XXXVI. FIFTH POSITION.

EXERCISE IN THE FIFTH POSITION :po o 1naestoso. Lr1 _ ._ _,_f = ~ - ~ +- 1= ELQ I I I I l II2 4 2 4 3

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XXXVII. EXERCISES IN OCTAVES.The difficulty in playing Octave passages is to produce the octaves in tune ; as with each new stop th

position of the hand changes and on approaching the bridge the distance between the first and fourthfingers gets gradually less. These two fingers must be pressed firmly on the strings and moved togethefrom one octave to another without lifting them. A free action of the wrist is necessary to move the bowfrom one string to another.

Lento assai.

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A SHORT

VOCABU-LARYOF

TECHNICAL TERMS AND EXPRESSIONSThe following abbreviations are used: Fr. French), Ger. German), It Italian), Lat Latin).

A capriccio {It.) At will; according to individual fancy.Accelerando (It.) Gradually increasing the speed of the movement.Adagio (It.) Slower than Andante . A slow movement.Adagio assai)__ molto j It.) Very slow.Ad libitum (Lat.) At will; not in strict time.Affettuoso It.) Lovingly.Agitato It.) With agitation.Alla breve (It.) A direction that there should be two beatsin a bar, one to each minim; it is indicated by the

time-signature ormarcia It.) In the style of a march.polacca It.) In the style of a polonaise.tedesca It.) In the style of a German waltz.

Allegretto It.) Lively, but slower than Allegro.Allegro It.) Joyfully, quick, lively.Allegro con brio. (It.) Quick and brilliant.

con fuoco It.) Quick, with fire.con spirito (It.) Quick, with spirit.rna non troppo (It.) Lively, but not too fast.moderato. (It.) Moderately quick.molto It.) Very quick.vivace (It.) Quick and lively.

Allemande Fr.) A German dance movement in quadruple rhythm.Al segno It.) To the sign, SAndante (It.) A slow, peaceful, but not dragging movement.

cantabile (It.) Slow, in a singing style.grazioso It.) Slow and graceful.maestoso It.) Slow, with majesty.rna non troppo It.) Slow, but not too much so.

Andantino (It.) Somewhat quicker than Andante.Animato (It.) With animation.A piacere (It.) At pleasure.Appassionato It.) With passion and intense expression.Arco (It.) The bow; coll arco, with the bow.Arpeggio It.) The notes of a chord sounded consecutively, notsimultaneously. (See page 53-Assai It.) Very. (See Adagio assai.)A tempo (It.) In time. Generally used after Ritardando or

Accelerando.Attacca (It.) } Commence the succeeding movement at once,Attacca subito It.) without any pause.Bourree (Fr.) A French dance in common time, beginning at thefourth beat of the bar.Brillante (It., Fr.) In a brilliant manner.Brio, con It.) With spirit and vigour.

Cadenza (It.) A brilliant passage introduced towards the close a movement.

Calando It.) Gradually softer and s l o ~ e rCalmato It.) With a calm, tranquil expression.Cantabile (It.) In a singing style.Cantilena It.) A melody.Capriccio (It.) A composition irregular in form.Cavatina (It.) A melody in simple form.Chaconne Fr.) A slow dance movement in triple rhythmgenerally combined with variations.Chevalet (Fr.) The bridge.Coda It.) In the nature of a peroration.Colla parte It.) Following the principal part.Colophane Fr.) } .Colophonium (Lat.) Resm.Comodo (It.) Easy, without haste.Concertina It.) A short concerto.Concerto (It.) A composition in which a solo instrument takes

prominent part, generally with orchestral accompanimenCourante Fr.) An old dance movement in triple rhythm.Crescendo It.) Incre;:tsing the force of tone.Da capo It.) Repeat from the beginning.

al fine (It.) Repeat from the beginning to the sign Final segno It.) Repeat from the sign S

Decrescendo (It.) Decreasing in tone.Deciso (It.) With decision.Delicatezza, con (It.) With delicacy.Diminuendo It.) Diminishing in tone.Dolce It.) Softly, sweetly.Dolcezza, con (It.) With softness and sweetness.Dolore, con It.) In a plaintive, sorrowful style.Doloroso It.) Sadly.Double (Fr.) An old term for a variation.Duet. A composition for two voices or instruments.Eleganza, con (It.) With elegance of style.Elegie Fr.) A compositio n of a mournful character.Energico It.) With energy.Espressione, con (It. 1 Espressivo It.) J W1th expresswn.Facilite Fr.) An easy version of a difficult passage.Fermata (It.) A pause.Fermo (It.) With firmness.Fieramente It.) Boldly, fiercely.Finale It.) The last movement of a composition.Fine (It.) The end.


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Forza, con (It.) With force.Forzando, Sforzando (It.) {Abbreviation, sf or jz.) Stronglymarked or accented.Frosch Ger.) The nut of the bow; Am Frosch, near the nut.Fuoco, con It.) With fire and spirit.Furioso It) With fury.Gavotte Fr.) A dance movement in common time, beginning at

the half bar.Geige Ger.) A violin.Giga {It.) l A jig; a lively dance movement in compound dupleGigue Fr.)) rhythm.Grandiose i l l .) With grandeur.Grave It.) Slow and solemn.Grazioso (It.) With grace and elegance.Imitando (It.) Imitating. Imitando la voce, imitating the voicepart.)lmpetuoso It.) Impetuously.lndeciso It.) In an undecided manner.Lamentando It.) Mournfully, plaintively.Langsam Ger.) Slowly.Larghetto It.) At a slow pace, but not so slow as Largo.Largo (It.) Very slow, and broadly.Lebhaft Ger.) With vivacity.Legato It.) Connected; bound together. See page 43.)Leggieramento It.) Lightly, gracefully.Leggiero It.) Light, easy.Lentando It.) Becoming slower by degrees.Lento (It.) Slow.Lunga pausa It.) A long pause.Maestoso (It.) With majesty, dignity.Maggiore It.)} .M . F ) The maJor key.aJeUr r.Marcato (It.) Marked.Martele Fr.) Hammered See page 45.Meno (It.) Less; as, meno mosso, less quick.Mineur Fr.)} Th . ke mmor ey.Minore It.)Minuetto (It.) A graceful dance movement in triple rhythm. Seepage 52.)Moderato It.) At a moderate speed.Molto (It.) Much, very; as, malta allegro, very quick; maltasostenuto, much sustained.Morendo It.) Dying away, diminishing in speed and tone.Mosso It.) Moved; as, pili mosso, faster.Moto, con (It.) Rather fast and spirited.Passionate } . .P . (It.) In an 1mpass10ned manner.ass1one, conPastorale (It.) In a pastoral style.Pausa It.) A rest, a pause.Pausa generate It.) Also G.P. A pause for all the performers.Perdendosi It.) Decreasing in speed and tone.Pesante It.) Impressively, heavily.Piacevole It.) In a playful style.Pizzicato It.) See page 57.)Poco (It.) A little; poco animato, rather animated.Poco a poco It.) Little by little.Ponticello It.) Sul ponticello, near the bridge.Pousse Fr.) Up-bow.Preludio It.) } 1 d . d td . (L -t ) A pre u e, or mtro uc 10nPrelu mm aPrestissimo It.) Very fast.Presto It.) Fast.Prima vista (It.) At first sight .

68u a r t ~ t t Ger )} A f f t tQ ) composition or our voices or ms rumen s.uatuor Fr.

Quintett Ger.)} f fi tQ . ( ) A compos1t1on or ve vmces or ms ruments.umtuor Fr.Rallentando It.) Getting gradually slower.Rapidamente It.) With rapidity.Recitando (It.) In the manner of a Recitative.Religioso It.) In a religious devotional manner.Ripieno (It.) A part in an orchestral composition which is ooccasionally required for the purpose of adding to the fo

of a Tutti.Risoluto It.) With resolution.Ritardando} It.) Gradually diminishing the speed of a moRitenuto ment.Sarabanda It.) A slow and dignified old dance movement triple rhythm.Sautille Fr.) Springing bow. Sec page 46.)Scherzando }Scherzo It.) In a playful humorous manner.Schnell Ger.) Quick.Sec Fr.) Dry; indicates a short quick bow.Segue It.) Follows ; comes after.Semplice It.) In a simple unaffected manner.Sempre It.) Always.Senza (It.) Without; as, Senza Sordini, without mutes.Septetto (It.) } . . f t tA compos1t10n or seven vo1ces or ms rumen sSeptuor Fr.Sextett Ger.)} f t tSextuor Fr.) A composition or s1x voices or ms rumen s.Simile It.) In the same manner.Smorzando It.) Dying away.Solo It.) Alone.Sonore Fr.) Sonorous, with full and rich tone.Sordini, con It.) With mutes.Sostenuto (It.) Sustained.Staccato It.) Detached; taken off. See page 48.Stringendo It.) An acceleration of speed.

Tacet Lat.) Silence., Tastiera It.) Sulla tastiera-over the finger-board.Teneramente (It.) } T d I d I t ITenerezza, con (It.) en er y, e Ica e y.Tenuta or Ten. (It.) Sustained, held.Tire Fr.) Down-bow.Tranquillo It.) Tranquilly, calmly.Tremolo It.) A note bowed with great rapidity in orderproduce a quivering effect. See page 49)Trille Fr.) }Trillo It.) The Shake.Trio It.) A composition for three voices or instruments.Tutta forza, con It.) With the greatest force.Tutti It.) All. Every performer to take part.Una corda (It.) On one string.Variazioni It.) Variations.Vigoroso It.) Vigorously, boldly.Vivace It.) Lively, quickly.Vivo It.) Animated, brisk.Volti subito, or V.S. It.) Turn over the page quickly.Wolf. Some particular :note, of which the intonation is no

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No.f.-Bach. Twenty Pieces from Petits P r e l u d e ~ .Suites Anglaises. Partita Nos. I to 3. &c.No. 2 . B a c h ~ Twenty Pieces from Suites Anglaises,Sui tes Fran

the viola (tours, berthold)

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