the visual display of quantitative information · data:ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information
vs.
![Page 2: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Excellence!
Excellence in statistical graphics consists of complex ideas communicated with:
• clarity, • precision, • efficiency.
![Page 3: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Graphical displays should:
• Show the data• Make the viewer think about the substance (not the
methods/design/technology)• Avoid distorting the data• Present many numbers in a small space• Make large datasets coherent• Encourage the eye to compare different pieces of data• Reveal data structure at different levels• Serve a clear purpose: description, exploration,
tabulation, decoration
![Page 4: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
GOOD graphical displays:
![Page 5: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Deaths from cholera in central London, 1854
![Page 6: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
New York City weather
![Page 7: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Wheat prices and wages in the UK
![Page 8: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BAD graphical displays:
![Page 9: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3D = no extra information
Latest results from only 6 months
![Page 10: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Traffic deaths
![Page 13: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Traffic deaths
![Page 14: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Traffic deaths
![Page 16: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Theory of Data Graphics
![Page 17: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Data:Ink
data: ink ratio = data-inktotal ink used to print graphic
= proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant display of data-information
= 1 – proportion of graphic that can be erased without loss of data-information
![Page 18: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
v. low! data:ink 0.7
![Page 19: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chartjunk
![Page 21: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tufte (1983, p.118) says, "This may well be the worst graphic ever to find its way into print."
Substance? NO!
ONLY 5 NUMBERS!!
Colours.. YES3D effects... YESDisguised redundancy...YES:
mirror imagingcurved lines
![Page 24: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Tufte (1983, p.118) says, "This may well be the worst graphic ever to find its way into print."
![Page 25: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Data-ink maximization
![Page 26: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information · Data:Ink data: ink ratio = data-ink total ink used to print graphic = proportion of graphic’s ink devoted to the non-redundant](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022020412/5b15a43a7f8b9a45448d4031/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Apprehension: Ability to correctly perceive relations among variables. Does the graph maximize apprehension of the relations among variables?
Clarity: Ability to visually distinguish all the elements of a graph. Are the most important elements or relations visually most prominent?
Consistency: Ability to interpret a graph based on similarity to previous graphs. Are the elements, symbol shapes and colors consistent with their use in previous graphs?
Efficiency: Ability to portray a possibly complex relation in as simple a way as possible. Are the elements of the graph economically used? Is the graph easy to interpret?
Necessity: The need for the graph, and the graphical elements. Is the graph a more useful way to represent the data than alternatives (table, text)? Are all the graph elements necessary to convey the relations?
Truthfulness: Ability to determine the true value represented by any graphical element by its magnituderelative to the implicit or explicit scale. Are the graph elements accurately positioned and scaled?