THE WAR AGAINST CANCER

Presented by Sayer Ji, founder of GreenMedInfo.com

THE WAR AGAINST CANCER:

ENDLESS BY DESIGN?

Presented by Sayer Ji, founder of GreenMedInfo.com

“Only the dead have seen the end of war.”

― Plato

“All war is a symptom of man's failure as a

thinking animal.”

― John Steinbeck

Declaring War Against Cancer

The signing of the National Cancer Act of 1971

by then U.S. President Richard Nixon is viewed as

the beginning of the war on cancer.

President Richard Nixon signs the

National Cancer Act, Dec. 23, 1971,

launching a $1.6 billion federal

crusade to conquer cancer. (AP)

Putting the War on Cancer Into Perspective

17 U.S. citizens worldwide killed as a result of incidents of terrorism: [in 2011]

Source: U.S. Dept. of State, 7.21.12

•1,569,670 estimated new cases

•571,950 estimated deaths [in 2011]

Source: ACS, Cancer

Facts & Figures

Causalities In The War On Cancer Causalities In The War On Terrorism

The War Against Cancer

“Atoms for Peace”

“Humanitarian” Applications of weapons of mass destruction

Radiotherapy

Chemotherapy

Metaphoric of Fear

Nitrogen Mustard

Nitrogen mustards have both medical and chemical weapon designations:

HN2 (Mechlorethamine, trade name Mustargen): Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine

HN3: Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (still used for military purposes)

Schecdule 1 substance, Chemical Weapons

Convention – production over 100 grams per year

must be declared to the Organization for the

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

Radiotherapy

There are over 30 radioisotopes used

in medicine, with common ones

including:

Fluorine-18, gallium-67,indium-111,

iodine-131, xenon-133,yttrium-90

"There is no safe dose of radiation“

~ Professor Edward P. Radford, Physician and

Epidemiologist

1.3 MILLION OVERDIAGNOSED AND OVERTREATED

FOR BREAST CANCER OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS.

*#1 Hidden Health Threat to Women Is Overdiagnosis

And Overtreatment, e.g. Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis, Menopause, Cholesterol Screening, etc.

Collateral Damage? Millions of Causalities in the War Against Cancer

The United States Preventive Services Task Force is an independent panel of experts in prevention and primary care appointed by the Department of Health and Human Services. In 2011 it recommended that men no longer receive PSA screenings for prostate cancer.

“Unfortunately, the evidence now shows that this test does not save men’s lives.” ~ Dr. Virginia Moyer, taskforce Chair

THE NEW BIOLOGY WILL ALLOW FOR THE

CONCEPT OF A NON-PROGRESSIVE, NON-

MALIGNANT CANCER

The Conventional Concept of Cancer is a “Meme” (thought-

form) with real malignancy.

Cancer Stem Cells • CSCs are considered responsible for cancer recurrence,metastasis and

treatment resistance.

• Found in diverse tumors, e.g. brain, breast, colon, ovary, pancreas, prostate , pancreas, melanoma, multiple myeloma

• Slow to divide • Minority subpopulation (1:100 – 1:1000) • Capable of self-renewal (theoretically infinite) • De-differentiated • Capable of giving rise to each, diverse cell phenotype in a tumor population • Explains why chemotherapy and radiation fail to prevent recurrence and

may increase malignancy • Capable of being induced via chemotherapy [Cell Cycle, 2012] • Capable of being induced via radiation, e.g. breast, glioma [Stem Cells,

2012, Nature, 2006]

CSC Hierachy

Image Source: EuroStemCell

The tumor may not be the “enemy.”

Radiotherapy Failure – Cancer Stem Cells

“Radiation treatment generates therapy-resistant cancer stem cells from less aggressive breast cancer cells.” ~ Cancer [ACS], June 2012

“Radiation-induced reprogramming of breast cells” ~ Stem Cells, May 2012

“Using non-BCSCs sorted from

patient samples, we found that

ionizing radiation reprogrammed

differentiated breast cancer cells

into induced BCSCs (iBCSCs).” ~

Stem Cells, May 2012

Cancer Tumors as Metazoa 1.0 –

tapping genes of ancient ancestors

The genes of cellular cooperation that evolved with multicellularity about a billion years ago are the same genes that

malfunction to cause cancer. We hypothesize that cancer is an atavistic condition that occurs when genetic or epigenetic

malfunction unlocks an ancient 'toolkit' of pre-existing adaptations, re-establishing the dominance of an earlier layer of genes

that controlled loose-knit colonies of only partially differentiated cells, similar to tumors. The existence of such a toolkit implies

that the progress of the neoplasm in the host organism differs distinctively from normal Darwinian evolution. Comparative

genomics and the phylogeny of basal metazoans, opisthokonta and basal multicellular eukaryotes should help identify the

relevant genes and yield the order in which they evolved. This order will be a rough guide to the reverse order in which cancer

develops, as mutations disrupt the genes of cellular cooperation. Our proposal is consistent with current understanding of cancer

and explains the paradoxical rapidity with which cancer acquires a suite of mutually-supportive complex abilities. Finally we

make several predictions and suggest ways to test this model. NCBI

Paul Davies

Physical Biology (2011)

Cellular Immortality

“Single cells have but one imperative – to replicate. They are, in effect, immortal. But when cells first formed co-operative assemblages, a new deal was struck. Most organisms outsourced their immortality to specialised germ cells (eg sperm and ova), and in return accepted death for themselves. Thus a typical tissue cell might reproduce a handful of times and then die.” ~ Paul Davies

“If you look deeply into the palm of your hand,

you will see your parents and all generations

of your ancestors. All of them are alive in this

moment. Each is present in your body.

You are the continuation of each of these people.”

Thich Nhat Hanh

Turritopsis nutricula “immortal jellyfish”

Turritopsis nutricula, the immortal jellyfish, is a

hydrozoa whose medusa, or jelly fish, form can

revert to the polyp stage after becoming sexually

mature. It is the only known case of ametazoan

capable of reverting completely to a sexually

immature, colonial stage after having reached sexual

maturity as a solitary stage

Tumor Microenvironment or “soil”

The microenvironment

may be decide what

turns on or off the

“stemness” phenotype

Known contributors to stemness:

• Ethanol/breast cells [Cell Cycle, 2012]

• Cigarette smoke [Cell Cycle, 2103]

• Hypoxia/Oxidative Stress [Stem Cells, 2008]

• Radiation therapy exposure [Stem Cells, 2012]

• Chemotherapy: Fluorouracil [Tumour Biology, 2013]

• Chemotherapy: Carboplatin [Cell Cycle, 2012]

• Primary Tumor Surgery [Frontiers of Bioescience, 2012]

Time Scale of Evolution

•First Eukaryotes evolved between 1.6-2.1 billion years ago.

•Rudimentary multicellular organisms evolved from unicellular eukaryotes at

least 1.7 billion years ago. [Metazoa 1.0]

•600 million years ago Earth experienced the Cambrian explosion (Big Bang of

Life), in part due to the Great Oxygenation Event. [Metazoa 2.0]

Oncogenes: Ancient Survival Genes

Unmasked?

Source: Science Daily, Feb. 15th, 2010

•MYC Oncogene found deregulated in

30% of human cancers

•Traced back 600 million years in

ancestral metazoan, Hydra, particularly

within their stem cells.

•"It is amazing that we have been able to find this oncogene in such a simple organism," says

Hydra expert Hobmayer from the Institute of Zoology.

•The stem cells in the fresh water polyp strongly indicate its regenerative ability -- the polyp

completely regenerates within five days and, thus, it could theoretically age ad infinitum.

Nocebo: Deadly Expectations

“Suicide and cardiovascular death after a cancer diagnosis.” N Engl J Med. 2012 April

Researchers looked at data on more than 6 million Swedes aged 30 and older between 1991-2006

using the country’s health registries in order to determine how the psychological toll of cancer diagnosis

impacts the risk for death. After analyzing over 500,000 people who were diagnosed with cancer

during that period, the risk of suicide was found to be 12 times higher and the risk of heart-related

death 6 times higher during the first week following diagnosis versus those who were cancer free.

Adrenaline Feeds Cancer Malignancy

In a 2012 article published in the journal Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics,

titled "Adrenaline induces chemoresistance in HT-29 colon

adenocarcinoma cells,” researchers found that the stress hormone

adrenaline induces multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells.

When adrenaline-induced P-glycoprotein levels increase within cancer cells,

they become more effective at excreting drugs that may do them harm, e.g. chemotherapy.

The Nutrigenomic Environment

•Co-evolution of plants (Ordovician

period, 450 mya) and animals (Cambrian)

•The preCambrian “Age of Chemistry,”

600 mya to 4,700 mya versus today’s

“Age of Chemistry.”

•"Ascorbic acid induces growth inhibition and redifferentiation of human gastric cancer cells

through the production of hydrogen peroxide. “ ~ Biomed Environ Sci. 2006

•Turmeric is capable of altering the expression of a wide range of genes simultaneously ~

GreenmedInfo

The molecular fabric of our body is woven from

the body of the Earth – via what we ingest, inhale

or apply topically.

Turmeric

PubMed.gov: 5,470 abstracts

GreenMedInfo.com: 1,585 abstracts

613 Diseases

175 Pharmacological Actions

Natural CSC-Targeting

Non-Toxic Natural Substances Which Target and Kill

CSCs

Natural compounds have been shown to exhibit three

properties which make them suitable alternatives to

conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy:

High margin of safety: Relative to chemotherapy agents

such as 5-fluorouracil natural compounds are two orders

of magnitude safer

Selective Cytotoxicity: The ability to target only those cells

that are cancerous and not healthy cells

CSCs Targeting: The ability to target the cancer stem cells

within a tumor population.

Natural CSC-Targeting

Research indicates that the following compounds (along

with common dietary sources) have the ability to target

CSCs:

Curcumin (Turmeric)

Resveratrol (Red Wine; Japanese Knotweed)

Quercetin (Onion)

Sulforaphane (Brocolli sprouts)

Parthenolide (Butterbur)

Andrographalide (Andrographis)

Genistein (Cultured Soy; Coffee)

Piperine (Black Pepper)

Additional research found on the GreenMedInfo.com

Multidrug Resistance page indicate over 50 compounds

inhibit multidrug resistance cancers in experimental

models.

You Can Regress Cancer with Food!

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prev., 2008 “Flaxseed supplementation (not dietary fat restriction) reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery.”

The study observed the

“Proliferation rates were

significantly lower (50% )

among men assigned to

the flaxseed arms. ”

You Can Regress Cancer With Food!

Journal of Clinical Cancer Research, 2005 “Dietary flaxseed has the potential to reduce tumor growth in patients with breast cancer.”

The study observed the “effects of dietary flaxseed on tumor biological markers and urinary lignan excretion in postmenopausal patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. …an increase in apoptosis (30.7%; P = 0.007) were observed in the flaxseed, but not in the placebo group.”

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