the war of 1812 jemmy madison’s war. focus question: in a short reply of one to three sentences,...
TRANSCRIPT
THE WAR OF 1812
Jemmy Madison’s War
Focus Question:
In a short reply of one to three sentences, respond to the following prompt:
When do you know it is time to stop following one course of action and start a new one?
Tensions mounted in the Atlantic World
Napoleonic Wars taxed the United States Both Britain and France involved the
nation Both seized American shipping Britain impressed American sailors
Little seemed to work
Failure of the Embargo
Jefferson’s policies reflected his worldview Felt that cutting away American food would force
changeFailed entirely
Britain and France did not depend on American food Devastated the American economy
Madison Administration
Attempted “peaceable coercion” of Britain and France Lifted embargo, but set up a Non-
Intercourse Act of 1809 Set embargo only on Britain and France
Hampered U.S. trade Sponsored American manufacturing
Rivalry turned to Britain
Orders in Council (1807) Set up blockades of France
Impressment of U.S. sailors Chesapeake Incident
Could U.S. maintain its sovereignty?
Indian Troubles
Tecumseh and the Prophet looked to form a Northwestern confederacy Shawnee leadership Composed of Great Lakes Natives
Defeated at Tippecanoe in 1811 Sparked greater Indian War in the
Great Lakes Some indication of British guns
among the Shawnee
Election of the War Hawks
Young generation of Congressional leaders Saw Britain as insulting the U.S. Looked to prove themselves Soon took leadership in Congress
War of 1812
Madison sought a declaration of war Reaction of British policies Saw a chance to unify the nation Saw a chance to capture Canada
Orders in Council repealed two days before war was declared
Mixed results
U.S. saw some early naval victoriesInvasion of Canada failed disastrously
U.S. unprepared for war Militia did not perform as expected
Demonstrated a failure of Jeffersonian policies
Widespread discontent Federalists opposed to the war Hartford Convention of 1814
War against Native Americans
U.S. forces performed well against Native Americans Defeated the Creek at Horseshoe Bend Native power broken in the Southwest Tecumseh killed at the Battle of the Thames
Great Lakes confederacy collapsed
Treaty of Ghent
Peace signed on December 24, 1814Essentially an armisticeStatus quo ante bellumSenate approved the treaty in February 1815
Battle of New Orleans
American victory on January 8, 1815U.S. troops under Andrew Jackson defeated
British regularsSignature victory for the U.S.Led many to believe we won the war
Results of the War of 1812
Sparked unity within the U.S.Federalist opposition led to the party’s
collapse“Second American Revolution”Led to a rapproachement with BritainFuture boundary disputes put to mediation
So, Who Won?