CHAPTER 10-3THE WAR OF 1812

THE PATH TO WARFrance & England at war 1803 – US trading

with bothFrance captured US ships headed for

EnglandEngland captured US ships headed for

FranceEnglish citizens not join Navy – so they

kidnapped US sailors – IMPRESSMENT – and forced to work on English ships

Between 1803 to 1812 – 6,000 Americans!

NO MORE TRADE“PEACEABLE COERCION” – Jefferson not

declare war – instead stop ALL foreign trade

EMBARGO ACT of 1807 – passed by Congress – harmed US more than France or Britain – lost markets for products – some violated embargo

Madison won next Presidential election – 1807 – and changed embargo to JUST France & England – OK to trade with everyone else

TECUMSEH & NATIVE AMERICAN UNITY

Since Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, NA continued to lose land to white settlers

TECUMSEH – Shawnee chief – vowed to stop this

Indiana governor, William Harrison, signed Treaty of Ft. Wayne with Miami, Delaware, Potawatomi tribes to sell 3 million acres

Tecumseh declared treaty void – sale could only go thru if ALL tribes agree, not just a few

1811 – Harrison’s forces defeated Shawnee at Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle of Tippecanoe1811 – Harrison’s forces defeated Shawnee at Battle of Tippecanoe

Tecumseh joined British in Canada

Americans ‘ anti-British sentiments increased

The WAR of 1812WAR HAWKS – some Americans in the WEST

support war against British – for naval actions against US and N.A. policies

Less eager for war – Americans in Northeast – trade relations with British

June 18, 1812 – President James Madison asked Congress to DECLARE WAR on Britain

War of 1812 – Phase 1British concentrating on its war with France

BUTBritish Blockade the American coast

Triumph – Lake Erie – Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry force British to surrender Sept. 1813

Triumph – Detroit – General Harrison – British already retreated but he pursued and defeated at Battle of the Thames Oct. 1813 – Chief Tecumseh lost life fighting for British

War of 1812 – Phase 2British defeated Napoleon and France – April

1814

British Burn Capitol & White House in Washington D.C. – August 1814

British attacked Fort McHenry in Baltimore & defeated

Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled Banner” – NOW our American National Anthem

War of 1812 – Phase 2 (continued)Battle of Lake Champlain – British defeated by

American ships – September 1814

Battle of New Orleans – Dec. 1814 to Jan. 1815Dozens of British ships approached with 7500 menAmerican General Andrew Jackson defended from

earth mound defenses – Defeated British

Treaty of Ghent – December 24, 1814 - signed in Ghent, Belgium – WAR OVER!

Treaty of GhentWar of 1812 – no clear winner

No territory changed handsTrade disputes left unresolved

IMPORTANT CONSEQUENCES FOR AMERICAPatriotism increased – Jackson & Perry are heroesNative Americans – resistance weakenedInterrupted trade forced Americans to make goods –

Growth of American ManufacturingNation’s Future Optimistic – can defend against

mightiest military power – British --America Will Survive!!