the washington presidency
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The Washington Presidency. 1789 Election Unanimous Candidate Would Rather Retire Civil Duty Image Not proper to “Run” for President. Ladies & Gentlemen, The President of the United States John Adams Vice-President “Your Highness the President of the United States” The Cabinet - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Washington Presidency 1789 Election
Unanimous Candidate Would Rather Retire
Civil Duty Image Not proper to “Run”
for President
Ladies & Gentlemen, The President of the United States John Adams
Vice-President “Your Highness the
President of the United States”
The Cabinet Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox
Secretary of War
The Washington Presidency Hamilton’s Fiscal Policy
Report on the Public Credit Gov’t assume all state debt-
past 15 years Validity to Government
Domestic & Foreign 1st National Bank of the
United States Strict v. Loose
Strict Constructionist Specific
Loose Constructionist Implied
Report on Manufactures Nurture “infant industries”
A Split in the Cabinet National Bank
Interpretation of Constitution Jefferson-Sec. Of State
Strict Constructionist
Hamilton-Sec. Of Treasury Loose
Constructionist
The Dinner Jefferson’s Account
Only record of event The players
Alexander Hamilton James Madison
The Issue Hamilton’s Fiscal Plan
Southern Opposition Assumption of state debts
The Compromise of 1790 Move Capital to Chesapeake
Region Madison supports
Fiscal Plan Pass Hamilton supports
July 9, 1790 Residence Bill
32-29
July 26, 1790 Assumption Bill
34-28
The Washington Presidency The Whiskey Rebellion
Summer 1794 Excise Tax
Luxury Tax Purpose of Taxes?
Western Pennsylvania Alexander Hamilton
Left NY to lead Militia Presidential
Aspirations Federal Authority
Commitment to Union Protection of Western
Boundary National Supremacy
The Washington Presidency Jay’s Treaties
The Treaty Itself British Withdrawal by 1796 Limited Trade with British East & West
Indies Most Favored Nation
Enjoy benefits equal to those the other accorded any state
Hamiltonian Victory American Neutrality
French Revolution
Pinckney’s Treaty The Treaty Itself
31st Parallel Shipping Rights on Mississippi
The Washington Presidency Washington’s Farewell Address
Union “Prop of your liberty”
Political Parties “baneful effects of the spirit of party”
Foreign Affairs “extending our commercial relations to
have with them as little political connection as possible”
Washington’s Legacy Daily routine established
Mr. President Two Terms Limit
Not law until 1951 Military Service
Symbol of leadership
The First American Party System Federalist Party
John Adams Strong Federal Government Friendship with Britain
Opposition to French Revolution
Members Merchants Property Owners Urban Workers
Democratic Republican Party Thomas Jefferson
Opposition to Federalists Limited Federal Power Sympathetic to French
Revolution Hostile to Britain
Members Southern Planters Northern Farmers
1796 Election
John Adams 71 Electoral Votes
Thomas Jefferson 68 Electoral Votes*No Vice Presidential Candidates
The Quasi-War Undeclared War
1798-1800 Fought almost entirely at sea
USA & France
Background American Revolution
Alliance & Connection France betrayed in their
Revolution
Began Seizing American Ships Mostly Caribbean
USS Constellation and the Insurgente
The Adams Presidency
USS Constellation
The Adams Presidency X, Y, Z Affair
Jay’s Treaty Undercut French Revolution
Freed Britain to support French Monarchy
French Response 300 American Vessels
Cargoes confiscated-$20 Million
An American Delegation Charles Pinckney John Marshall Elbridge Gerry
The Bribe Tribute to speak to Charles
Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
Adam’s Response Pinckney =X Marshall =Y Gerry =Z
“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
The Adams Presidency Alien & Sedition Acts
The Acts Naturalization Act
5 years to 14 years Citizenship
Alien Act & Alien Enemies Act Imprisonment & deportation of
Aliens in wartime Sedition Act
Writing, Publishing, or Speaking against the government Fines & Imprisonment
Reason Democratic Republicans Rise
Immigrants were increasingly aligning with Jefferson
The Virginia & Kentucky Resolves Penned by Madison &
Jefferson State v. Federal Authority
Nullify “unconstitutional” laws
Judicial Review not defined power Marbury v. Madison
The Adams Presidency The Revolution of 1800
The Scheme Run 2 candidates
Secure VP The Federalists
John Adams-65 Charles Pinckney-64
Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson-73
Aaron Burr-73 The House of Representatives
Settles Election disputes Alexander Hamilton
Detested Burr
Jefferson Burr
Ballots # 1-35
8 6
Ballot # 36 10 4
Republican Agrarianism Clearly Defined Political
Philosophy Three Presidents
Thomas Jefferson (1801-09) James Madison (1809-17) James Monroe (1817-25
True Republicanism Industrialization
Feared extremes in wealth Too European
Problem with Europe No room to grow
Rooted in Agrarian Society Nation of Small Farms
Subsistence Farmers Weather Cycles
Kept man close to God
The Virginia Dynasty
The Midnight Judges The Judiciary Act of 1801
President John Adams Political Ploy
Fill Government with Federalists Holding down the
Fort The Act Itself
16 New Judgeships 6 New Circuit Courts
The Midnight Judges Image of John Adams
signing appointments Midnight on last day in
office
Chief Justice John Marshall Former Sec. Of State
A Midnight Judge Failed responsibility
Sec. Of State to deliver Appointments James Madison
Jefferson’s Sec. Of State
Marbury v. Madison The Decision
Jefferson Victory Paper not needed
Jefferson Defeat Judicial Review a
Court Matter
The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon Bonaparte
Seized control of France Conquering Europe & world
Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815 Spanish Conquest
Napoleon closed Mississippi to USA
The Purchase James Monroe
New Orleans Original intent
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord All of Louisiana
$15 Million
A Personal Dilemma Strict Constructionist
Purchasing Power Not Mentioned
Manifest Destiny Lewis & Clarke Expedition
Zebulon Pike Sacagawea
Sacagawea
Sacagawea Shoshone woman who
accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition, acting as an interpreter and guide, in their exploration of the Western United States
Expedition Helped Lewis and Clark
wind a waterway to the Western United States
Death Died on September 20th, 1812 Died at only age 24
The Duel Aaron Burr
Still Vice President Jefferson Hated
1804 Election Jefferson Dropping Burr
Burr running for Governor of New York Alexander Hamilton
attacks Burr in papers
The Duel Burr Challenges
Takes place in New Jersey Heights of Weehawken
“This is a mortal wound, Doctor”-A. Hamilton
Pendleton & Van Ness Joint Statement
Code Duello Two Shots fired
The Aftermath Murder in the 1st degree
New York & New Jersey Acquitted
The Non-Importation & Embargo Act The Napoleonic Wars
British Blockade of Europe American Neutrality Rights
Ships searched & cargo seized Jefferson
Maintains Neutrality
“peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations”-1801 Inaugural Address 1803-1812
6,000 American citizens-forced imprisonment
The Non-Importation Act-1806 Boycott of British Goods
Worked in Revolution
The Embargo Act-1807 Anchored All American
Ships Forbade them from sailing
to any foreign port Cutting off ALL imports
& exports
An Economic Disaster Exports fell
$108 - 22 Million
(1808)
The Election of 1808 Democratic Republicans
James Madison Jefferson’s Protégé
The Federalists Charles Pinckney
The Results Pinckney -47 Madison-122
War of 1812 The Chesapeake-Leopard
Affair U.S.S. Chesapeake
Commodore James Barron Norfolk, Virginia
H.M.S. Leopard Salisbury Pryce Humphreys
The Incident Humphreys requested to
search The Chesapeake Barron Refused Humphreys opened fire
Killing 3 Injuring 18-including
Barron
The Non-Intercourse Act-1809 Embargo Act-1807
Destroying U.S. economy The Act Itself
Opens trade with all countries EXCEPT Britain France
Macon’s Bill #2-1810 Lifted Embargo on Britain & France
neutrality rights Reaction
Napoleon Approves Britain Ignores
War of 1812 Tecumseh’s War
Indian Intercourse Act-1790 Acquire Indian land by Treaty only
Conflicted with westward expansion
Settlers who were attacked protected by U.S.
Tecumseh’s Alliance (1809-1811) Effort to stop white infringement in
Northwest Believed Aided by Canada
Tenskwatawa-The Prophet Tecumseh’s Brother Preached return to tradition
Rejected White clothing, alcohol, & trading
Tecumseh
Tenskwatawa
William Henry HarrisonHero of Tippecanoe
War of 1812 War Hawks
Politicians who Want War Henry Clay (KY) John C. Calhoun (SC)
Led movement for War Madison
Forced to declare war Unaware that Trade Embargo
was working England about to adopt
more conciliatory policy The Vote for War
House-79 to 49 Senate-19 to 13
All Federalists voted AGAINST the war
The Hartford Convention Talk of secession
The United States of New England Aaron Burr
To be 1st president
The Star Spangled Banner Defense of Fort McHenry
1814-Francis Scott Key Battle of Baltimore
Set to tune of British drinking song John Stafford Anacreontic
Society
March 3, 1931 Made national anthem
Other Anthems My Country,’Tis of Thee Hail, Columbia
Copy of original manuscript
1 of 2 surviving Broadsides
War of 1812 The Treaty of Ghent
John Q. Adams Son of John Adams
Headed council
Status qou Ante Bellum Relations prior to
conflict Last armed conflict
with Britain
Signed Christmas Eve, 1814
The Battle of New Orleans http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/category/animation/watch/v1557916zyx7f8Kh#