the water planet
DESCRIPTION
oceans. lakes and rivers. atmospheric water. continental and sea ice. The water planet. Water. -. O. H. H. +. Water: we waste it, we pollute it, we take it for granted…. Virtually the most valuable commodity we have (except maybe O 2 ). You're about 70% Water!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The water planet
atmospheric water
continental and sea ice
oceanslakes and rivers
O
Water
HH+
-
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Water: we waste it, we pollute it, we take it for granted….
Virtually the most valuable commodity we have (except maybe O2)
Tree = 60% water jelly fish = 90% water
Where has your water come from???
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All of the Earth's waters are connected and cleaned by the HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
Water moves through the hydrologic cycle at various speeds.For example:
40,000 years to recycle oceanic water
2 weeks to recycle river water9 to 10 days to recycle atmospheric
water
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Energy for the hydrological cycle
• is from the sun (solar power)
• The atmosphere is a heat trap– H2O is a greenhouse gas
• Hydrologic cycle = main global energy redistribution system--thru both the oceans and the atmosphere
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Ocean currentsThe Atlantic Gulf stream carries energy at a vast rate from the gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean: all the coal mined in the world in one year could supply energy at this rate for only 12 hours!
(Franks 1984)
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The hydrological cycle
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Evaporation
• Injects water vapour into atmosphere• Uses 50% of energy at earths surface
(cools the earth’s surface)
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The Atmosphere
• only 0.001% of all water • links major water stores
– evaporation– condensation– precipitation
• cold air hold less water than hot air• as hot air rises and cools,
precipitation can form
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Effect of vegetation on rainfall
P — precipitation
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Effect of vegetation on rainfall
EI—evaporation of intercepted rain
ET—transpiration
Interception loss may be 20 – 40% of total rainfall for forests
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Hillslope runoff processes
infiltrationoverland flow
water table
shallow subsurface flowdeep drainage
baseflow
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The majority of accessible fresh water is groundwater, water beneath the Earth's surface.
About 10% of precipitation will infiltrate the soil and rock to become groundwater, forming a water table.
Water saturated permeable rock is an aquifer.
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Aquifers
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Rivers
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The Water Balance
May be applied to whole river basins or catchments
SQEP Δ=++
total evapotranspiration
catchment rainfall
river + groundwater discharge
change in soil, groundwater storage
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The water balanceQuantifying the hydrological cycle
saturated zone
unsaturated soil
Rainfall
P
Evaporation
EChange in storage
ΔSDischarg
eQ
= +15 mm
= -4 mm
= -6 mm
SQEP Δ=++
15 – 4 – 6 =+5 mm
= +5 mm
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0.03% of world’s water is readily available
Not evenly distributed
human water use has increased 4 times in the last 50 yrs!
increasing population and
increasing use per person
~70% used for Agriculture
waste water production=1870 km3 in1980
2300 km3 in 2000
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- The BIG water use
1950 -80 world irrigation area tripled
1990: 7% less irrigated area per person than 1980
inc. competition between rural and urban water use
21% of USA crop irrigated by draw-down of W.T
26% of world irrigated area suffers waterlogging and salinization
NOT SUSTAINABLE
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The Ogallala Aquifer
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Water use
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WATER SAVINGS GUIDEWATER SAVINGS GUIDE
Activity:Conservative use- saves water
Normal use -- wastes water
ShowerWetdown/rinse off: 4 gallons
Regular shower: 25 gallons
Brushing teeth Wet brush, brief rinse: 1/2 gal.
Tap running: 10 gallons
Toilets Minimize flushing, low-flush toilets
Old toilet, frequent flushing?!?!
Leaks Report ASAP A small drip: 25 gallons per day
Energy Turn off power Wasting energy wastes water
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