the why and how of runway friction testing by delia harverson findlay irvine ltd. midlothian,...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Why and How of Runway Friction Testing
by
Delia HarversonFindlay Irvine Ltd.
Midlothian, Scotland
and
Thomas J. YagerNASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, VA, USA
Part 1: A Brief History
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What were the first Continuous reading Friction Measuring Equipments
[CFMEs]
??When were they introduced
??
runway friction testing:runway friction testing: historyhistoryrunway friction testing:runway friction testing: historyhistory
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The first CFME was the Skiddometer
designed in Sweden in the late 1950s
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the second CFME
designed by the UK Ministry of
Defence in the early 1960s
was the
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1962: a Canberra lands on a winter contaminated runway ...
Why were these early CFMEs Why were these early CFMEs developed?developed?
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… and comes safely to a stop
The first CFMEs were developed The first CFMEs were developed mainly for testing in winter mainly for testing in winter
conditionsconditions
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After the Skiddometer and the MuMeter came the Saab Friction Tester
which was also originally designed to measure in winter conditions
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Later CFMEs were designed as much for maintenance testing as for operational testing
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Is it as important to measure runway friction in summer as in winter??
YES!YES!
In rain, a runway with poor texture and rubber deposits can be just as slippery as a
runway contaminated with ice and snow
questionquestionquestionquestion
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An accident waiting to happen …An accident waiting to happen …
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Are there more overrun accidents on wet runways or on runways contaminated with
ice and snow?
There are substantially more overrun accidents on wet runways
Most of these accidents Most of these accidents need never have need never have
happenedhappened
another questionanother questionanother questionanother question
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Nothing will guarantee that an overrun accident won’t happen at your airport …
runway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testing
… but regular use of an approved, well maintained CFME will make it less likely
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Operational testing is carried out in natural conditions, in winter, in order to make immediate operational decisions.
Maintenance testing is carried out in carefully controlled conditions, which include an exact amount of water put down in front of the measuring wheel, in order to make engineering decisions.
operational & maintenanceoperational & maintenancetestingtesting
operational & maintenanceoperational & maintenancetestingtesting
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Should engineering decisions ever be made on the basis of operational testing?
No!No!Natural conditions are much too variable to provide a proper basis for engineering
decisions
operational & maintenanceoperational & maintenancetestingtesting
operational & maintenanceoperational & maintenancetestingtesting
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How do we ensure that maintenance friction testing is consistent …
… that the same results are obtained in Lima as in London Heathrow?
… in Santa Cruz as in Singapore?
runway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testing
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For this, the international community depends on
ICAOICAO
runway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testing
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Forget it!
runway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testingrunway friction testing
Before we get onto ICAO’s role, two quick words about the lunch-box test …