the windows 2000 report card: what is it, why do i care, and what will it do for – or to – me?...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Windows 2000 Report Card: what is it, why do I care, and what will it do for – or to – me?
Presented by Mark Minasi
teacher, speaker, author, alpha geek, columnist
free newsletter at www.minasi.comContents copyright 2000 Mark Minasi
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Overviewwhat’s in this talk for me, fat man?
In just one and a quarter hour, friends – that’s right, just 75 short minutes – you too will be able to hold your own in a discussion on Windows 2000
You will be the envy of your friends as you effortlessly explain Active Directory, Change and Configuration Management, and Offline Files … before the geeks understand it!
But wait, there’s more…
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OverviewWindows 2000 Server goals
Make NT an “enterprise” OS Make NT more reliable Make support people’s lives easier Let us administer our servers from far away Stop using server names like \\myserver
(NetBIOS) and instead use names like myserver.acme.com (DNS)
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OverviewWindows 2000 Professional Goals
Eliminate most of the reasons to use Wintendo rather than NT on the desktop
Make Win2K laptop-friendly Add Plug and Play and good hardware
support World Domination
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OverviewWindows 2000 Definitions & Flavors
Windows 2000 NT 5.0 It is not Windows, it’s NT Windows 2000 Professional: desktop OS,
what we used to call “NT Workstation” W2K Server: like NT Server W2K Advanced Server: Like NT Server
Enterprise Edition, clustering etc W2k Data Center: for the big jobs
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OverviewWindows 2000’s dirty little secret
W2K is a cool product and can solve many of your existing network problems…
So long as you don’t mind replacing most of your hardware and software
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Windows 2000: Enterprise Issues
Riddle: “What would you call something that replaced SAM?”
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Enterprise IssuesEnterprises are big: problems & solutions
W2K domains can contain tens of millions Single domains can now easily span large
geographical areas, as Windows 2000 domains understand WANs and compress data 10:1 before transmitting
NT 4 names were limited; Windows 2000 uses DNS names
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Enterprise Issuesenterprises are big: problems
Really need native mode to do the cool stuff (all NT 4 DCs must be dead)
Groups can only handle 5000 members Fax, but no fax server Multimaster replication still needs some work
– Two admins can both modify a group membership and one admin’s work will be lost
– There are still single-point-of-failure servers, in particular the “PDC FSMO”
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Enterprise IssuesEnterprises need more types of admins
NT only supported two kinds of people:– Users– Gods (oops, I mean administrators)
But some jobs need a “sub”-admin OUs and delegation give us that
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Enterprise Issuesenterprise issues: problems
Things AD Won’t Let You Do:– Rename a domain– Move an OU from one domain to another– Move a domain from place in the forest to
another– Merge two existing domains, trees or forests– Rename a domain controller
But that’s okay; enterprises don’t do that
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Enterprise IssuesEnterprises need scalability
Network Load Balancing Module, clusters in Advanced Server and Datacenter help scale
Kerberos logon and the Global Catalog speed logons and let domains grow
Again, DNS naming allows more growth Bad news: powerful chips like Alpha helped
networks grow; no Alpha support in W2K
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Windows 2000:Reliability
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Reliabilitythe good news
Clusters help both scaling and reliability Recovery Console lets you boot to a DOS-like
prompt with lots o’tools (works on NTFS too) Driver verifier is amazing Fault Tolerant Distributed File System very nice
and easy to set up Windows File Protection protects System32 files
and requires an undocumented value (ffffff9d) to disable
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Reliabilitythe bad news
Windows 2000 (Pro in particular) seems prone to unexplained slowdowns and an inability to shut down sometimes
DirectX games seem more able to crash W2K than they could NT 4.0
Adding reliability to DHCP requires a clu$ter Looks like four-node clusters are out
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Windows 2000:Solving Support Problems
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Support Headachesproblems we want to stop worrying about
Rolling out new machines quickly System lockdown control without having to
travel to desktops Deploying applications from a central
location Convincing users to keep data on a central
server rather than on their local PCs Controlling user server disk usage
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Rolling Out New MachinesRIS, scripts, SysPrep and more
Remote Install Services– Ghost-like tool stores images on server and allows
simple one-floppy pull-down– But only stores W2K images and needs PCI NICs
(laptops need not apply)– Some fantastic undocumented stuff lets you do Server
rollouts, $OEM$ features, and customize setup screens– If done right, RIS is a wonderfully flexible tool
Scripted installs for W2K Pro are far easier Sysprep 1.1 lets you create generic images, burn
on CDs and roll them to any hardware
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System Lockdownnetwork admins need to control user desktops
Solution: Group Policies Benefits:
– Far more comprehensive than system policies– Can control what apps run on a machine, what
users can modify, lots of other stuff– Can be assigned to groups of users, groups of
machines, sites, organizational units, domains– Much harder to circumvent
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System Lockdown“curses, those users have foiled me again!”
Problems:– Only works on W2K workstations– Requires quite some planning, or it can
significantly slow down logons– Complexity leads to a need for a modeling tool to
compute the “Resultant Set of Policies” (RSOP)– Head of RDP program called policies “the most
complex W2K issue -- tougher than AD”
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Central Application Deployment“where did I put that CD, anyway?”
Solution: packages deployed to the Windows Installer Service via group policies
Benefits:– Apps save files in My Documents after “spouse
mode” install– Apps self-heal– No need to give Admin accounts to users
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Central Application Deployment“don’t tell me -- I need W2K desktops, right?”
Problems:– Only works on W2K workstations– Installer-ready apps are rare so far– Admin packaging tools haven’t been as useful as
promised– Many benefits aren’t required, just suggested for
the Logo program; here’s a case where MS should be pushing a bit harder
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Fostering Central Data Storageimagine if Briefcase worked...
Solution: Offline Files (but W2K PCs only) Benefits:
– Caches oft-used network files locally– Apparently speeds network response time– Works when the net is down– Allows traveling users to bring a part of the net
with them– Synchronizes cache/network versions– My Documents an obvious candidate
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Controlling Server Space Usagedisk quotas come to W2K
Problem: limited server disk space Solution: disk space quotas come to W2K Benefits: very, ummm, simple to work with Problems:
– Very lame– Cannot apply quotas using groups, or to groups– Must apply amounts user-by-user
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Remote Control and Admin
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Remote Controlwhat’s new
Terminal server built into every Server Telnet server built into every 2000 Scripting can offer low-bandwidth remote
control tools W2K is markedly more scriptable -- can now
do admin scripting with VBScript, Javascript, Perl, WMI, Windows Scripting Host
Even W2K Pro: Manage Computer, NM 3.0
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Remote Controlwhat’s missing
Very little, actually! The worst of it is that the network admin
types will probably have to learn scripting skills!
It’d be nice if Terminal Services worked better on low-speed links without Citrix
Bottom line: START TO LEARN SCRIPTING, NOW
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Last question about Server before moving to Professional:
Will Server succeed in the market?
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Well, possibly yes...
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Beating Windows (and NT 4) On The Desktop
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In Case You’re Not Confused Yet
Windows 95 = DOS plus some 16 bit and some 32 bit application platform
Win NT 4.0 = completely different OS with a similar-looking user interface
Win 98 = Win 95 version 1.1, more DOS-plus Windows 2000 = NT 4.0 with plug and play, Active
Directory, CCM So what to call the NEXT DOS-plus type Windows? My guess: 2001 = really Windows, 2002 = NT, etc.
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What W2K Has That W98 Doesn’t Offline files Rollout and deployment tools (RIS, Group Policies,
Microsoft Installer) Remote “Manage Computer” interface Home directories work finally Enforced driver signatures Encrypting FS Has always had NTFS, Task Manager, more solid
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What W2K has that NT 4 didn’t
Plug and Play Encrypting File System Offline Folders Deployment tools APM support and ACPI support Home directories Great accessibility tools “Folder settings” seems to remember now Remote “Manage Computer”
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What W2K Has That You’ll Hate
Windows 2000 Professional is pretty resource-heavy– 96-128 MB RAM minimum– Expensive ($319, $219 W9x upgrade, $149 NT
upgrade)– Uses almost 500 MB of disk space
As always, not 100 percent legacy app compatible – Wintendo may win here
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Laptop Friendliness
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Laptop Friendliness
NT 4 lacked power management, hot plug and play, plug and play, USB, suspend/hibernate, encryption
W2K gets all of those things Problem: as it’s a bit heavy, may not be
appropriate for many laptops Problem: doesn’t always detect changes in
networking after suspend/hibernate
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Plug and Play, Hardware Support, USB
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Plug and Play
Benefits:– All rewritten, not the Windows 9x code– Seems to run fairly solidly
Problems:– Despite misleading claims, W2K drivers are not
Windows 98 drivers, so drivers are scarce
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Plug and PlayOddities and problems
Stuff that seems not to work usually:– IEEE 1394 boards– Most hardware MPEG decoders– Most USB modems– As always, check the HCL and don’t assume that
things will work, unfortunately Support does exist for a surprising array of
old stuff -- CD burners, TV tuner boards
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Summary Advice
Hey, Minasi, how about the short version?
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Before implementing, ask: will it pay off?
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998
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Final Grades:
Enterprise: B- Reliability: B- Support tools:B+ Remotability: A Kill NetBIOS: I Beat Wintendo: A- Laptop friendly: A- Plug and Play:B
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What do I DO????the problems
There’s no smooth path between an NT 4 domain and a W2K domain
Many of W2K’s benefits simply don’t work until you’ve migrated to Active Directory (“watch that first step, it’s a lulu…”)
But some benefits will work fine without AD, and there’s a learning curve to working with a W2K desktop, whether server or pro
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One ApproachNot Microsoft’s but a bit more gradual
Move your workstations to Professional– Learn the UI changes, get a feel for the level of
driver support you’ll find overall, check apps Then move the member servers to W2K
– IIS 5, web folders, offline files, better WINS Then migrate some DCs to AD
– But first sync and shut down an NT 4 BDC– When you trust it, start using the AD features
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“Do AD later? Isn’t 2000 Without AD A Dumb Idea?” DNS, WINS, DHCP is improved Routing: Internet Connection Sharing, NAT IIS: 2x faster, better restarts, multiple sites are easier,
has ASP 3.0 Plug and Play, power management Telnet, scripting, Terminal Services Some Dfs Encrypting file system, other NTFS 5.0 features Nope, it’s not a dumb idea at all; in fact, I strongly
recommend that you get DNS nailed before starting your AD implementation
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One Final Thought…
1998 1999
NT Server Market Share 38% , #1 38%, #1
Linux Market Share (Server market)
12%, #4 25%, #2
What will we be talking about here next year?
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Thank You!
I hope this was useful, thanks for joining me Email:[email protected] I invite you to sign up for my free newsletter
at www.minasi.com
Don’t miss the reception (free eats!) in the Vendor Hall downstairs -- it’s right now!
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