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VIEW23 PHOTOS OFINDIA

Introduction:: INDIA

SOUTHASIA:: INDIA

PAGELASTUPDATEDONAPRIL21,2015

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Background:TheIndus Valley c iv ilization,oneofthewor ld's oldes t,f lour isheddur ingthe3rdand2ndmillenniaB.C.andex tendedintonor thwes ternIndia.Aryantr ibes fromthenor thwes t inf iltratedtheIndiansubcontinentabout1500B.C.their mergerwiththeear lier Drav idianinhabitants c reatedthec lass icalIndianculture.TheMauryaEmpireofthe4thand3rdcentur iesB.C. whichreachedits zenithunder ASHOKA unitedmuchofSouthAs ia.TheGoldenAgeusheredinby theGuptadynas ty (4thto6thcentur ies A.D.) sawaf lower ingofIndiansc ience,ar t,andculture.Is lamspreadac ross thesubcontinentover aper iodof700years .Inthe10thand11thcentur ies ,Turks andAfghans invadedIndiaandes tablishedtheDelhiSultanate.Intheear ly 16thcentury ,theEmperor BABURes tablishedtheMughalDynas ty whichruledIndiaformorethanthreecentur ies .Europeanexplorers beganes tablishingfootholds inIndiadur ingthe16thcentury .By the19thcentury ,GreatBr itainhadbecomethedominantpolit icalpower onthesubcontinent.TheBr it ishIndianArmy playedav italroleinbothWor ldWars .Years ofnonv iolentres is tancetoBr it ishrule, ledby Mohandas GANDHIandJawahar lalNEHRU,eventually resultedinIndianindependence,whichwas grantedin1947.Largescalecommunalv iolencetook placebeforeandafter thesubcontinentpar t it ionintotwoseparates tates IndiaandPak is tan.Theneighbor ingnations havefoughtthreewars s inceindependence,thelas tofwhichwas in1971andresultedinEas tPak is tanbecomingtheseparatenationofBangladesh.India's nuc lear weapons tes ts in1998emboldenedPak is tantoconduc t its owntes ts thatsameyear .InNovember 2008,ter ror is ts or iginatingfromPak is tanconduc tedaser ies ofcoordinatedattacks inMumbai,India's f inanc ialcapital.Despitepress ingproblems suchas s ignif icantoverpopulation,env ironmentaldegradation,ex tens ivepover ty ,andwidespreadcor ruption,economic growthfollowingthelaunchofeconomic reforms in1991andamass iveyouthfulpopulationaredr iv ingIndia's emergenceas aregionalandglobalpower .

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Geography:: INDIA

PeopleandSociety:: INDIA

SouthernAs ia,border ingtheArabianSeaandtheBay ofBengal,betweenBurmaandPak is tanGeographiccoordinates:2000N,7700EMapreferences:As iaArea:total: 3,287,263sqkmland: 2,973,193sqkmwater: 314,070sqkmcountrycomparisontotheworld: 7Areacomparative:s lightly morethanone thirdthes izeoftheUS

Areacomparisonmap:Landboundaries:total: 13,888kmbordercountries(6): Bangladesh4,142km,Bhutan659km,Burma1,468km,China2,659km,Nepal1,770km,Pak is tan3,190kmCoastline:7,000kmMaritimeclaims:territorialsea: 12nmcontiguouszone: 24nmexclusiveeconomiczone: 200nmcontinentalshelf: 200nmor totheedgeofthecontinentalmarginClimate:var ies fromtropicalmonsooninsouthtotemperateinnor thTerrain:uplandplain(DeccanPlateau) insouth,f lattorollingplainalongtheGanges ,deser ts inwes t,Himalayas innor thElevationextremes:lowestpoint: IndianOcean0mhighestpoint: Kanchenjunga8,598mNaturalresources:coal( four th larges treserves inthewor ld) , ironore,manganese,mica,baux ite,rareear thelements ,t itaniumore,chromite,naturalgas ,diamonds ,petroleum,limes tone,arablelandLanduse:arableland: 52.54%permanentcrops: 4.31%other: 43.16%(2012es t.)Irrigatedland:663,340sqkm(2008)Totalrenewablewaterresources:1,911cukm(2011)Freshwaterwithdrawal(domestic/industrial/agricultural):total: 761cukm/y r (7%/2%/90%)percapita: 613cum/y r (2010)Naturalhazards:droughts f lashf loods ,as wellas widespreadanddes truc tivef loodingfrommonsoonalrains severethunders torms ear thquakesvolcanism: Bar renIs land(elev .354m) intheAndamanSeahas beenac tiveinrecentyearsEnvironmentcurrentissues:defores tationsoileros ionovergraz ingdeser tif icationair pollutionfromindus tr ialeff luents andvehic leemiss ions water pollutionfromrawsewageandrunoffofagr iculturalpes tic ides tapwater is notpotablethroughoutthecountry hugeandgrowingpopulationis overs trainingnaturalresourcesEnvironmentinternationalagreements:partyto: Antarc tic Env ironmentalProtocol,Antarc tic Mar ineLiv ingResources ,Antarc tic Treaty ,Biodivers ity ,ClimateChange,ClimateChangeKyotoProtocol,Deser tif ication,EndangeredSpec ies ,Env ironmentalModif ication,Hazardous Was tes ,LawoftheSea,OzoneLayer Protec tion,ShipPollution,TropicalT imber 83,TropicalT imber 94,Wetlands ,Whalingsigned,butnotratified: noneoftheselec tedagreementsGeographynote:dominates SouthAs iansubcontinentnear impor tantIndianOceantraderoutes Kanchenjunga,thirdtalles tmountaininthewor ld, lies ontheborder withNepal

Nationality:noun: Indian(s )adjective: IndianEthnicgroups:IndoAryan72%,Drav idian25%,Mongoloidandother 3%(2000)Languages:Hindi41%,Bengali8.1%,Telugu7.2%,Marathi7%,Tamil5.9%,Urdu5%,Gujarati4.5%,Kannada3.7%,Malayalam3.2%,Or iya3.2%,Punjabi2.8%,Assamese1.3%,Maithili1.2%,other 5.9%note: Englishenjoys thes tatus ofsubs idiary off ic ial languagebut is themos t impor tant languagefor national,polit ical,andcommerc ialcommunicationHindi is themos twidely spokenlanguageandpr imary tongueof41%ofthepeoplethereare14other off ic ial languages :Bengali, Telugu,Marathi,Tamil,Urdu,Gujarati, Malayalam,Kannada,Or iya,Punjabi,Assamese,Kashmir i, Sindhi,andSansk r it Hindus tani is apopular var iantofHindi/Urduspokenwidely throughoutnor thernIndiabut is

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notanoff ic ial language(2001census )Religions:Hindu80.5%,Mus lim13.4%,Chr is t ian2.3%,Sikh1.9%,other 1.8%,unspec if ied0.1%(2001census )Population:1,236,344,631(July 2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 2Agestructure:014years: 28.5%(male187,016,401/female165,048,695)1524years: 18.1%(male118,696,540/female105,342,764)2554years: 40.6%(male258,202,535/female243,293,143)5564years: 7%(male43,625,668/female43,175,111)65yearsandover: 5.8%(male34,133,175/female37,810,599) (2014es t.)

populationpyramid:Dependencyratios:totaldependencyratio: 51.8%youthdependencyratio: 43.6%elderlydependencyratio: 8.1%potentialsupportratio: 12.3%(2014es t.)Medianage:total: 27yearsmale: 26.4yearsfemale: 27.7years (2014es t.)Populationgrowthrate:1.25%(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 94Birthrate:19.89bir ths /1,000population(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 86Deathrate:7.35deaths /1,000population(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 118Netmigrationrate:0.05migrant(s ) /1,000population(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 112Urbanization:urbanpopulation: 32.4%oftotalpopulation(2014)rateofurbanization: 2.38%annualrateofchange(201015es t.)Majorurbanareaspopulation:NEWDELHI(capital) 24.953millionMumbai20.741millionKolkata11.766millionBangalore9.718millionChennai9.62millionHyderabad8.67million(2014)Sexratio:atbirth: 1.12male(s ) /female014years: 1.13male(s ) /female1524years: 1.13male(s ) /female2554years: 1.06male(s ) /female5564years: 1.08male(s ) /female65yearsandover: 0.91male(s ) /femaletotalpopulation: 1.08male(s ) /female(2014es t.)Mother'smeanageatfirstbirth:19.9(2005/06es t.)Maternalmortalityrate:200deaths /100,000livebir ths (2010)countrycomparisontotheworld: 55Infantmortalityrate:total: 43.19deaths /1,000livebir thsmale: 41.9deaths /1,000livebir thsfemale: 44.63deaths /1,000livebir ths (2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 50Lifeexpectancyatbirth:totalpopulation: 67.8yearsmale: 66.68yearsfemale: 69.06years (2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 164Totalfertilityrate:2.51childrenborn/woman(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 81Contraceptiveprevalencerate:54.8%(2007/08)Healthexpenditures:4%ofGDP(2012)countrycomparisontotheworld: 159Physiciansdensity:0.7phys ic ians /1,000population(2012)Hospitalbeddensity:0.7beds /1,000population(2011)Drinkingwatersource:improved:urban:96.7%ofpopulationrural:90.7%ofpopulation



Government:: INDIA

total:92.6%ofpopulationunimproved:urban:3.3%ofpopulationrural:9.3%ofpopulationtotal:7.4%ofpopulation(2012es t.)Sanitationfacilityaccess:improved:urban:60.2%ofpopulationrural:24.7%ofpopulationtotal:36%ofpopulationunimproved:urban:39.8%ofpopulationrural:75.3%ofpopulationtotal:64%ofpopulation(2012es t.)HIV/AIDSadultprevalencerate:0.26%(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 86HIV/AIDSpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS:20.797million(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 1HIV/AIDSdeaths:127,200(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 3Majorinfectiousdiseases:degreeofrisk: very highfoodorwaterbornediseases: bac ter ialdiar rhea,hepatit is AandE,andtyphoidfevervectorbornediseases: denguefever ,Japaneseencephalit is ,andmalar iawatercontactdisease: leptospiros isanimalcontactdisease: rabiesnote: highly pathogenic H5N1av ianinfluenzahas beenidentif iedinthis country it poses anegligibler is k withex tremelyrarecases poss ibleamongUSc it izens whohavec losecontac twithbirds (2013)Obesityadultprevalencerate:1.9%(2008)countrycomparisontotheworld: 184Childrenundertheageof5yearsunderweight:43.5%(2006)countrycomparisontotheworld: 2Educationexpenditures:3.2%ofGDP(2011)countrycomparisontotheworld: 134Literacy:definition: age15andover canreadandwr itetotalpopulation: 74%male: 82.1%female: 65.5%(2011es t.)Schoollifeexpectancy(primarytotertiaryeducation):total: 12yearsmale: 12yearsfemale: 11years (2011)Childlaborchildrenages514:totalnumber: 26,965,074percentage: 12%(2006es t.)Unemployment,youthages1524:total: 10.7%male: 10.4%female: 11.6%(2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 97

Countryname:conventionallongform: Republic ofIndiaconventionalshortform: Indialocallongform: Republic ofIndia/BharatiyaGanarajyalocalshortform: India/BharatGovernmenttype:federalrepublicCapital:name: NewDelhigeographiccoordinates: 2836N,7712Etimedifference: UTC+5.5(10.5hours aheadofWashington,DC,dur ingStandardT ime)Administrativedivisions:29s tates and7unionter r itor ies *AndamanandNicobar Is lands *,AndhraPradesh,ArunachalPradesh,Assam,Bihar ,Chandigarh*,Chhatt isgarh,DadraandNagar Haveli*,DamanandDiu*,Delhi*,Goa,Gujarat,Haryana,HimachalPradesh,JammuandKashmir ,Jharkhand,Karnataka,Kerala,Lakshadweep*,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Manipur ,Meghalaya,Mizoram,Nagaland,Odisha,Puducher ry *,Punjab,Rajas than,Sikk im,TamilNadu,Telangana,Tr ipura,Uttar Pradesh,Uttarakhand,Wes tBengalnote: althoughits s tatus is thatofaunionter r itory ,theoff ic ialnameofDelhi is NationalCapitalTer r itory ofDelhiIndependence:15Augus t1947( fromtheUK)



Nationalholiday:Republic Day ,26January (1950)Constitution:prev ious 1935(preindependence) lates tdraftcompleted4November 1949,adopted26November 1949,effec tive26January 1950amendedmany t imes , las t in2013(2013)Legalsystem:commonlawsys tembasedontheEnglishmodelseparatepersonal lawcodes apply toMus lims ,Chr is t ians ,andHindus judic ialrev iewof legis lativeac tsInternationallaworganizationparticipation:accepts compulsory ICJ jur isdic tionwithreservations nonpar ty s tatetotheICCtSuffrage:18years ofageuniversalExecutivebranch:chiefofstate: Pres identPranabMUKHERJEE(s ince22July 2012) VicePres identMohammadHamidANSARI(s ince11Augus t2007)headofgovernment: Pr imeMinis ter NarendraMODI(s ince26May 2014)cabinet: UnionCounc ilofMinis ters appointedby thepres identontherecommendationofthepr imeminis terelections: pres identelec tedby anelec toralcollegecons is tingofelec tedmembers ofbothhouses ofPar liamentandthelegis latures ofthes tates for af iveyear term(notermlimits ) elec tionlas theldinJuly 2012(nex ttobeheldinJuly 2017) v icepres identelec tedby bothhouses ofPar liamentfor af iveyear termelec tionlas theldinAugus t2012(nex ttobeheldinAugus t2017) pr imeminis ter chosenby par liamentary members ofthemajor ity par ty followinglegis lativeelec tionselectionresults: PranabMUKHERJEEelec tedpres identpercentofvote PranabMUKHERJEE69.31%,PurnoSANGMA 30.69%Legislativebranch:description: bicameralPar liamentor Sansadcons is ts oftheCounc ilofStates or RajyaSabha(245seats 233members indirec tly elec tedby s tateandter r itor ialassemblies by propor tionalrepresentationvote,and12members appointedby thepres identmembers serve6year terms ) andthePeople's Assembly or Lok Sabha(545seats 543members direc tlyelec tedins ingleseatcons tituenc ies by s implemajor ity voteand2appointedby thepres identmembers serve5year terms )elections: People's Assembly las theldApr ilMay 2014in10phases (nex tmus tbeheldby May 2019)electionresults: People's Assembly percentofvoteby par ty NA,seats by par ty BJP282,INC44,AIADMK37,AITC34,BJD20,SS18,TDP16,TRS11,CPI(M) 9,YSRC9,LJP6,NCP6,SP5,AAP4,RJD4,SAD4, independents 3,other 31Judicialbranch:highestcourt(s): SupremeCour t( thechief jus ticeand25assoc iatejus tices ) note par liamentapprovedanaddit ional5judges in2008judgeselectionandtermofoffice: jus tices appointedby thepres identtoserveuntilage65subordinatecourts: HighCour ts Dis tr ic tCour ts Labour Cour tnote: inmid2011,Indias Cabinetapprovedthe"NationalMiss ionfor Jus ticeDelivery andLegalReform"toeliminatejudic ialcor ruptionandreducetheback logofcasesPoliticalpartiesandleaders:AamAadmiPar ty or AAP[Arv indKEJRIWAL]All IndiaAnnaDrav idaMunnetraKazhagamor AIADMK[J .JAYALALITHAA]All IndiaTr inamoolCongress or AITC[MamataBANERJEE]BahujanSamajPar ty or BSP[MAYAWATI]BharatiyaJanataPar ty or BJP[AmitSHAH]BijuJanataDalor BJD[NaveenPATNAIK]Communis tPar ty ofIndiaor CPI[SuravaramSudhakar REDDY,Sec retary General]Communis tPar ty ofIndiaMarx is tor CPI(M) [PrakashKARAT]Drav idaMunnetraKazhagamor DMK[M.KARUNANIDHI]IndianNationalCongress or INC[SoniaGANDHI]JanataDal(United) or JD(U) [SharadYADAV]Lok Janshak tiPar ty (LJP) [RamVilas PASWAN]Nationalis tCongress Par ty or NCP[SharadPAWAR]Rashtr iyaJanataDalor RJD[LaluPrasadYADAV]Rashtr iyaLok Dalor RLD[Ajit SINGH]SamajwadiPar ty or SP[MulayamSinghYADAV]ShiromaniAkaliDalor SAD[ParkashSinghBADAL]Shiv Senaor SS[Uddhav THACKERAY]TeleganaRashtraSamithi(TRS) [K.Chandrashekar RAO]TeluguDesamPar ty or TDP[ChandrababuNAIDU]YSRCongress (YSRC) [JaganmohanREDDY]note: Indiahas dozens ofnationalandregionalpolit icalpar t iesPoliticalpressuregroupsandleaders:AllPar ties Hur r iyatConferenceintheKashmir Valley (separatis tgroup)BajrangDal( religious organization)IndiaAgains tCor ruption[AnnaHAZARE]JamiatUlemaeHind[MahmoodMADANI]( religious organization)Rashtr iyaSwayamsevak Sangh[MohanBHAGWAT](nationalis torganization)VishwaHinduPar ishad[Ashok SINGHAL]( religious organization)other: hundreds ofsoc ialreform,anticor ruption,andenv ironmentalgroups ats tateandlocal levelnumerous religious ormilitant/chauv inis t ic organizations var ious separatis tgroups seek inggreater communaland/or regionalautonomyInternationalorganizationparticipation:ADB,AfDB(nonregionalmember ) ,Arc tic Counc il(observer ) ,ARF,ASEAN(dialoguepar tner ) ,BIMSTEC,BIS,BRICS,C,CD,CERN(observer ) ,CICA,CP,EAS,FAO,FATF,G15,G20,G24,G5,G77,IAEA,IBRD,ICAO,ICC(nationalcommittees ) ,ICRM,IDA,IFAD,IFC,IFRCS,IHO,ILO,IMF,IMO,IMSO,Interpol,IOC,IOM,IPU,ISO,ITSO,ITU,ITUC(NGOs) ,LAS(observer ) ,MIGA,MINURSO,MONUSCO,NAM,OAS(observer ) ,OECD,OPCW,Pac if ic Alliance(observer ) ,PCA,PIF(par tner ) ,SAARC,SACEP,SCO(observer ) ,UN,UNCTAD,UNDOF,UNESCO,UNHCR,UNIDO,UNIFIL,UNISFA,UNITAR,UNMISS,UNOCI,UNWTO,UPU,WCO,WFTU(NGOs) ,WHO,WIPO,WMO,WTODiplomaticrepresentationintheUS:chiefofmission: ambassador (vacant) Charged'Affaires Taranjit SinghSANDHU(s ince9February 2015)



Economy:: INDIA

chancery: 2107Massachusetts AvenueNW,Washington,DC20008note Consular Winglocatedat2536MassachusettsAvenueNW,Washington,DC20008telephone: [1](202) 9397000FAX: [1](202) 4833972consulate(s)general: Atlanta,Chicago,Hous ton,NewYork ,SanFranc iscoDiplomaticrepresentationfromtheUS:chiefofmission: Ambassador RichardRahulVERMA(s ince16January 2015)embassy: Shantipath,Chanakyapur i,NewDelhi110021mailingaddress: useembassy s treetaddresstelephone: [91](11) 24198000FAX: [91](11) 24190017consulate(s)general: Chennai(Madras ) ,Hyderabad,Kolkata(Calcutta) ,Mumbai(Bombay )Flagdescription:threeequalhor izontalbands ofsaffron(subduedorange) ( top) ,white,andgreen,withabluechak ra(24spokedwheel) centeredinthewhitebandsaffronrepresents courage,sac r if ice,andthespir it ofrenunc iationwhites ignif iespur ity andtruthgreens tands for faithandfer t ility thebluechak rasymbolizes thewheelof life inmovementanddeathins tagnationnote: s imilar tothef lagofNiger ,whichhas asmallorangedisk centeredinthewhitebandNationalsymbol(s):theLionCapitalofAshoka,whichdepic ts four As iatic lions s tandingback toback mountedonac ircular abacus , is theoff ic ialemblemBengalt iger lotus f lower nationalcolors :saffron,white,greenNationalanthem:name: "JanaGanaMana"(ThouAr ttheRuler oftheMinds ofAllPeople)lyrics/music: RabindranathTAGOREnote: adopted1950RabindranathTAGORE,aNobel laureate,alsowroteBangladesh's nationalanthem

Economyoverview:Indiais developingintoanopenmarketeconomy ,yettraces of its pas tautark ic polic ies remain.Economicliberalizationmeasures , inc ludingindus tr ialderegulation,pr ivatizationofs tateownedenterpr ises ,andreducedcontrols onforeigntradeandinves tment,beganintheear ly 1990s andservedtoacceleratethecountry 's growth,whichaveragedunder 7%per year from1997to2011.India's diverseeconomy encompasses tradit ionalv illagefarming,modernagr iculture,handic rafts ,awiderangeofmodernindus tr ies ,andamult itudeofserv ices .Slightly less thanhalfofthework forceis inagr iculture,but,serv ices arethemajor sourceofeconomic growth,accountingfor near ly two thirds ofIndia's outputwithless thanone thirdof its labor force.Indiahas capitalizedonits largeeducatedEnglishspeak ingpopulationtobecomeamajor expor ter of informationtechnology serv ices ,bus iness outsourc ingserv ices ,andsoftwareworkers .India's economicgrowthbegans lowingin2011becauseofadec lineininves tment,causedby highinteres trates ,r is inginflation,andinves tor pess imismaboutthegovernment's commitmenttofur ther economic reforms andabouttheglobals ituation.Theoutlook for India's long termgrowthis moderately pos it iveduetoayoungpopulationandcor respondinglowdependencyratio,healthy sav ings andinves tmentrates ,andinc reas ingintegrationintotheglobaleconomy .However ,Indiahas manychallenges that it has yettofully address , inc ludingpover ty ,cor ruption,v iolenceanddisc r iminationagains twomenandgir ls ,anineff ic ientpower generationanddis tr ibutionsys tem,ineffec tiveenforcementof intellec tualproper ty r ights ,decades longc iv il lit igationdockets , inadequatetranspor tandagr icultural infras truc ture, limitednonagr iculturalemploymentoppor tunit ies ,highspendingandpoor ly targetedsubs idies , inadequateavailability ofquality bas ic andhighereducation,andaccommodatingrural tourbanmigration.Growthin2014fell toadecadelow,as India's economic leaderss truggledtoimprovethecountry 's widef is calandcur rentaccountdefic its .Ris ingmac roeconomic imbalances inIndiaandimprov ingeconomic condit ions inWes terncountr ies , ledinves tors toshiftcapitalaway fromIndia,promptingasharpdeprec iationoftherupee.However , inves tors 'perceptions ofIndiaimprovedinear ly 2014,duetoareduc tionofthecur rentaccountdefic itandexpec tations ofpos telec tioneconomic reform,result inginasurgeof inboundcapitalf lows ands tabilizationoftherupee.GDP(purchasingpowerparity):$7.277tr illion(2014es t.)$6.889tr illion(2013es t.)$6.56tr illion(2012es t.)note: dataarein2014USdollarscountrycomparisontotheworld: 4GDP(officialexchangerate):$2.048tr illion(2014es t.)GDPrealgrowthrate:5.6%(2014es t.)5%(2013es t.)4.7%(2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 43GDPpercapita(PPP):$5,800(2014es t.)$5,500(2013es t.)$5,300(2012es t.)note: dataarein2013USdollarscountrycomparisontotheworld: 160Grossnationalsaving:30.1%ofGDP(2014es t.)29.7%ofGDP(2013es t.)30%ofGDP(2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 29GDPcomposition,byenduse:householdconsumption: 57%governmentconsumption: 12%

1:03



investmentinfixedcapital: 27.4%investmentininventories: 6.6%exportsofgoodsandservices: 26.1%importsofgoodsandservices: 29.1%(2014es t.)GDPcomposition,bysectoroforigin:agriculture: 17.9%industry: 24.2%services: 57.9%(2014es t.)Agricultureproducts:r ice,wheat,oilseed,cotton, jute,tea,sugarcane, lentils ,onions ,potatoes dairy produc ts ,sheep,goats ,poultry f ishIndustries:tex tiles ,chemicals ,foodprocess ing,s teel,transpor tationequipment,cement,mining,petroleum,machinery ,software,pharmaceuticalsIndustrialproductiongrowthrate:3.8%(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 76Laborforce:502.2million(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 2Laborforcebyoccupation:agriculture: 49%industry: 20%services: 31%(2012es t.)Unemploymentrate:8.6%(2014es t.)9.1%(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 97Populationbelowpovertyline:29.8%(2010es t.)Householdincomeorconsumptionbypercentageshare:lowest10%: 3.6%highest10%: 31.1%(2005)DistributionoffamilyincomeGiniindex:36.8(2004)37.8(1997)countrycomparisontotheworld: 79Budget:revenues: $185.7billionexpenditures: $288.8billion(2014es t.)Taxesandotherrevenues:9.1%ofGDP(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 208Budgetsurplus(+)ordeficit():5%ofGDP(2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 167Publicdebt:51.3%ofGDP(2014es t.)51.4%ofGDP(2013es t.)note: datacover centralgovernmentdebt,andexc ludedebt ins truments is sued(or owned) by governmententit ies otherthanthetreasury thedatainc ludetreasury debtheldby foreignentit ies thedataexc ludedebt is suedby subnationalentit ies ,as wellas intragovernmentaldebt intragovernmentaldebtcons is ts oftreasury bor rowings fromsurpluses inthesoc ialfunds ,suchas for retirement,medicalcare,andunemploymentdebt ins truments for thesoc ialfunds arenotsoldatpublic auc tionscountrycomparisontotheworld: 67Fiscalyear:1Apr il 31MarchInflationrate(consumerprices):8%(2014es t.)10%(2013es t.)Centralbankdiscountrate:7.75%(31December 2013)8%(31December 2010)note: this is theIndiancentralbank 's polic y rate therepurchaseratecountrycomparisontotheworld: 38Commercialbankprimelendingrate:10.3%(31December 2014es t.)10.33%(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 81Stockofnarrowmoney:$364billion(31December 2014es t.)$308.9billion(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 14Stockofbroadmoney:$1.664tr illion(31December 2014es t.)$1.419tr illion(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 11Stockofdomesticcredit:$1.654tr illion(31December 2014es t.)$1.414tr illion(31December 2013es t.)



Energy:: INDIA

countrycomparisontotheworld: 13Marketvalueofpubliclytradedshares:$1.263tr illion(31December 2012es t.)$1.015tr illion(31December 2011)$1.616tr illion(31December 2010es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 12Currentaccountbalance:$42.99billion(2014es t.)$49.23billion(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 188Exports:$342.5billion(2014es t.)$319.7billion(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 19Exportscommodities:petroleumproduc ts ,prec ious s tones ,machinery , ironands teel,chemicals ,vehic les ,apparelExportspartners:US12.4%,UAE10.2%,China4.7%,Singapore4.3%,HongKong4.1%(2013)Imports:$508.1billion(2014es t.)$482.3billion(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 10Importscommodities:c rudeoil, prec ious s tones ,machinery ,fer t ilizer , ironands teel,chemicalsImportspartners:China11%,SaudiArabia7.8%,UAE7.1%,Switzer land5.5%,US4.8%,Iraq4.3%(2013)Reservesofforeignexchangeandgold:$309.2billion(31December 2014es t.)$296.2billion(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 11Debtexternal:$425.3billion(31December 2014es t.)$386.7billion(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 27Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentathome:$261.7billion(31December 2014es t.)$226.7billion(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 23Stockofdirectforeigninvestmentabroad:$129.8billion(31December 2014es t.)$119.8billion(31December 2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 28Exchangerates:Indianrupees ( INR) per USdollar 60.3(2014es t.)58.598(2013es t.)53.44(2012es t.)46.671(2011es t.)45.726(2010es t.)

Electricityproduction:974.9billionkWh(2011es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 5Electricityconsumption:757.9billionkWh(2011es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 6Electricityexports:128millionkWh(2011es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 81Electricityimports:5.61billionkWh(2011es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 39Electricityinstalledgeneratingcapacity:223.3millionkW(31March2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 6Electricityfromfossilfuels:67.9%oftotal ins talledcapac ity (31March2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 115Electricityfromnuclearfuels:2.1%oftotal ins talledcapac ity (31March2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 27Electricityfromhydroelectricplants:17.7%oftotal ins talledcapac ity (31March2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 97Electricityfromotherrenewablesources:12.3%oftotal ins talledcapac ity (31March2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 27Crudeoilproduction:



Communications:: INDIA

759,300bbl/day (2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 25Crudeoilprovedreserves:5.591billionbbl(1January 2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 23Refinedpetroleumproductsproduction:4.433millionbbl/day (2013)countrycomparisontotheworld: 5Refinedpetroleumproductsconsumption:3.158millionbbl/day (2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 6Refinedpetroleumproductsexports:1.38millionbbl/day (2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 6Refinedpetroleumproductsimports:312,000bbl/day (2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 21Naturalgasproduction:36billioncum(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 25Naturalgasconsumption:53.98billioncum(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 14Naturalgasexports:0cum(2012es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 116Naturalgasimports:17.98billioncum(2013es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 18Naturalgasprovedreserves:1.427tr illioncum(1January 2014es t.)countrycomparisontotheworld: 23Carbondioxideemissionsfromconsumptionofenergy:1.831billionMt(2012es t.)

Telephonesmainlinesinuse:31.08million(2012)countrycomparisontotheworld: 10Telephonesmobilecellular:893.862million(2013)countrycomparisontotheworld: 2Telephonesystem:generalassessment: suppor tedby recentderegulationandliberalizationoftelecommunications laws andpolic ies ,Indiahas emergedas oneofthefas tes tgrowingtelecommarkets inthewor ldtotaltelephonesubsc r ibershipbaseexceeded900millionin2011,anoverall teledens ity ofroughly 75%,andsubsc r ibershipis cur rently growingmorethan20millionpermonthurbanteledens ity nowexceeds 100%andruralteledens ity is s teadily growingdomestic: mobilecellular serv iceintroducedin1994andorganizednationwideintofour metropolitanareas and19telecomc irc les eachwithmult iplepr ivateserv iceprov iders andoneor mores tateownedserv iceprov iders inrecentyearss ignif icanttrunk capac ity addedintheformoff iber optic cableandoneofthewor ld's larges tdomes tic satellitesys tems ,theIndianNationalSatellitesys tem( INSAT) ,with6satellites suppor ting33,000very smallaper tureterminals (VSAT)international: country code 91anumber ofmajor internationalsubmar inecablesys tems ,inc ludingSeaMeWe3withlandings ites atCochinandMumbai(Bombay ) ,SeaMeWe4withalandings iteatChennai,F iber Optic Link AroundtheG lobe(FLAG) withalandings iteatMumbai(Bombay ) ,SouthAfr ica Far Eas t(SAFE) withalandings iteatCochin,thei2icablenetwork link ingtoSingaporewithlandings ites atMumbai(Bombay ) andChennai(Madras ) ,andTataIndicomlink ingSingaporeandChennai(Madras ) ,prov ideas ignif icant inc reaseinthebandwidthavailablefor bothvoiceanddatatraff ic satelliteear ths tations 8Intelsat( IndianOcean) and1Inmarsat( IndianOceanregion) 9gateway exchanges operatingfromMumbai(Bombay ) ,NewDelhi,Kolkata(Calcutta) ,Chennai(Madras ) ,Jalandhar ,Kanpur ,Gandhinagar ,Hyderabad,andErnakulam(2011)Broadcastmedia:Doordarshan,India's public TVnetwork ,operates about20national,regional,andlocalserv ices alargeandinc reas ingnumber ofpr ivately ownedTVs tations aredis tr ibutedby cableandsatelliteserv iceprov iders by 2011,morethan100millionhomes hadaccess tocableandsatelliteTVoffer ingmorethan700TVchannels governmentcontrols AMradiowithAll IndiaRadiooperatingdomes tic andex ternalnetworks news broadcas ts v iaradioarelimitedtotheAll IndiaRadioNetwork s ince2000,pr ivately ownedFMs tations havebeenpermittedandtheir numbers haveinc reasedrapidly(2007)Radiobroadcaststations:AM149,FM171,shor twave54(2009)Televisionbroadcaststations:1,400(2009)Internetcountrycode:. inInternethosts:6.746million(2012)countrycomparisontotheworld: 17Internetusers:61.338million(2009)countrycomparisontotheworld: 6

Airports:



Transportation:: INDIA

Military:: INDIA

TransnationalIssues:: INDIA

346(2013)countrycomparisontotheworld: 21Airportswithpavedrunways:total: 253over3,047m: 222,438to3,047m: 591,524to2,437m: 76914to1,523m: 82under914m: 14(2013)Airportswithunpavedrunways:total: 93over3,047m: 12,438to3,047m: 31,524to2,437m: 6914to1,523m: 38under914m:45(2013)Heliports:45(2013)Pipelines:condensate/gas 9kmgas 13,581kmliquidpetroleumgas 2,054kmoil8,943kmoil/gas /water 20kmrefinedproduc ts 11,069km(2013)Railways:total: 64,600kmbroadgauge: 55,956km1.676mgaugenarrowgauge: 6,347km1.000mgauge2,297km0.762mgaugeand0.610mgauge(2012)countrycomparisontotheworld: 4Roadways:total: 4,689,842kmnote: inc ludes 79,116kmofnationalhighways andexpressways ,155,716kmofs tatehighways ,and4,455,010kmofother roads (2013)countrycomparisontotheworld: 2Waterways:14,500km(5,200kmonmajor r ivers and485kmoncanals suitablefor mechanizedvessels ) (2012)countrycomparisontotheworld: 9Merchantmarine:total: 340bytype: bulk car r ier 104,cargo78,chemicaltanker 22,container 14, liquefiedgas 11,passenger 4,passenger /cargo15,petroleumtanker 92foreignowned: 10(China1,HongKong2,Jersey 2,Malays ia1,UAE4)registeredinothercountries: 76(Cyprus 4,Dominica2,Liber ia8,Malta3,Marshall Is lands 10,Niger ia1,Panama24,SaintKitts andNev is 2,Singapore21,unknown1) (2010)countrycomparisontotheworld: 29Portsandterminals:majorseaport(s): Chennai,JawaharalNehruPor t,Kandla,Kolkata(Calcutta) ,Mumbai(Bombay ) ,Sikka,Vishakhapatnamcontainerport(s)(TEUs): Chennai(1,558,343) ,JawaharalNehruPor t(4,307,622)LNGterminal(s)(import): Dahej,Haz ira

Militarybranches:Army Navy ( inc ludes navalair arm) Air ForceCoas tGuard(2011)Militaryserviceageandobligation:1618years ofagefor voluntary military serv ice(Army 171/2,Air Force17,Navy 161/2) noconsc r iptionwomenmay joinas off icers ,butfor noncombatroles only (2012)Manpoweravailableformilitaryservice:malesage1649: 319,129,420femalesage1649: 296,071,637(2010es t.)Manpowerfitformilitaryservice:malesage1649: 249,531,562femalesage1649: 240,039,958(2010es t.)Manpowerreachingmilitarilysignificantageannually:male: 12,151,065female: 10,745,891(2010es t.)Militaryexpenditures:2.4%ofGDP(2013)2.5%ofGDP(2012)2.6%ofGDP(2011)2.7%ofGDP(2010)countrycomparisontotheworld: 31

Disputesinternational:s inceChinaandIndialaunchedasecur ity andforeignpolic y dialoguein2005,consolidateddiscuss ions relatedtothedisputeover mos toftheir rugged,militar izedboundary ,regionalnuc lear proliferation,Indianc laims thatChinatrans fer redmiss iles toPak is tan,andother matters continueKashmir remains thes iteofthewor ld's larges tandmos tmilitar izedter r itor ialdisputewithpor t ions under thedefac toadminis trationofChina(AksaiChin) ,India(JammuandKashmir ) ,and



Pak is tan(AzadKashmir andNor thernAreas ) IndiaandPak is tanresumedbilateraldialogueinFebruary 2011after atwoyear hiatus ,havemaintainedthe2003cease fireinKashmir ,andcontinuetohavedisputes over water shar ingoftheIndusRiver andits tr ibutar ies UNMilitary Observer GroupinIndiaandPak is tanhas maintainedasmallgroupofpeacekeeperss ince1949Indiadoes notrecognizePak is tan's cedinghis tor ic Kashmir lands toChinain1964todefusetens ions andpreparefor discuss ions onamar it imeboundary ,IndiaandPak is tanseek technicalresolutionofthedisputedboundary inSir Creek es tuary atthemouthoftheRannofKutchintheArabianSeaPak is tanimaps continuetoshowits Junagadhc laiminIndianGujaratStatePr imeMinis ter Singh's September 2011v is it toBangladeshresultedinthes igningofaProtocoltothe1974LandBoundary AgreementbetweenIndiaandBangladesh,whichhadcalledfor thesett lementoflongs tandingboundary disputes over undemarcatedareas andtheexchangeofter r itor ialenc laves ,butwhichhadneverbeenimplementedBangladeshrefer redits mar it imeboundary c laims withBurmaandIndiatotheInternationalTr ibunalontheLawoftheSeaJointBorder CommitteewithNepalcontinues toexaminecontes tedboundary sec tions , inc ludingthe400sqkmdisputeover thesourceoftheKalapaniRiver Indiamaintains as tr ic tborder regimetokeepoutMaois tinsurgents andcontrol illegalc ross border ac tiv it ies fromNepalRefugeesandinternallydisplacedpersons:refugees(countryoforigin): 109,015(T ibet/China) 65,373(Sr iLanka) 12,625(Burma) 10,438(Afghanis tan)(2014)IDPs: at leas t531,000(about250,000areKashmir iPandits fromJammuandKashmir ) (2014)Illicitdrugs:wor ld's larges tproducer of lic it opiumfor thepharmaceuticaltrade,butanundeterminedquantity ofopiumis diver tedtoillic it internationaldrugmarkets trans itpointfor illic it narcotic s producedinneighbor ingcountr ies andthroughoutSouthwes tAs ia illic it producer ofmethaqualonevulnerabletonarcotic s money launder ingthroughthehawalasys temlic itketamineandprecursor produc tion

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