TheThe

PeriodicPeriodic

TableTable

1

H1.008

3

Li6.941

11

Na22.99

19

K39.10

37

Rb85.47

55

Cs132.9

87

Fr(223)

ALKALIMETALS

Group IA Characteristics:• The most chemically reactive metals, with the exception of Hydrogen, losing their one valence electron to non-metals• Going down the group, the atomic radius and density of the elements increase

4

Be9012

12

Mg24.31

20

Ca40.08

38

Sr87.62

56

Ba137.3

88

Ra226

AlkalineEarth Metals

Group IIA Characteristics:

• These elements are also very reactive, losing their two valence electrons to non-metals

1

H

1.007

9

F

18.9984

17

Cl

35.453

35

Br

79.909

53

I

126.904

85

At

(210)

Group 7A Characteristics:

• These elements all form diatomic molecules.

• With the exception of At, they all react with metals to form salts containing ions with a 1- charge.

2

He

4.0026

10

Ne

20.179

18

Ar

39.498

36

Kr

83.80

54

Xe

131.30

86

Rn

(222)

Group 8A Characteristics:

•These elements exist under normal conditions as

single-atom gases

•Have little chemical reactivity

32

Ge

72.59

50

Sn

118.69

82

Pb

207.19

83

Bi

208.98

13

Al

26.9815

31

Ga

69.72

49

In

114.82

81

Tl

204.37

84

Po

(210)

51

Sb

121.75

MetalsMetals

Characteristics:• These have physical properties such as conduction of heat & electricity, malleability, ductility, and a lustrous appearance•They tend to loose elections to form positive ions.

7

N

14.0067

15

P

30.9738

33

As

74.9216

6

C

12.011

14

Si

28.086

5

B

10.811

Nonmetals8

O

15.999

16

S

32.064

34

Se

78.96

52

Te

127.6

Characteristics:• These are found in the upper right-hand corner of the table.• Lack the physical properties to deem them metals.•They tend to gain electrons in reactions with metals.

39

Y88.91

57

La138.9

89

Ac(227)

21

Sc44.96

73

Ta180.9105

Unp

41

Nb92.91

23

V50.94

72

Hf178.9104

Unq

40

Zr91.22

22

Ti47.88

42

Mo95.94

74

W183.9

24

Cr52.00

106

Unh

48

Cd112.4

30

Zn65.38

80

Hg200.6

47

Ag107.9

29

Cu63.55

79

Au197.0111

Uuu

46

Pd106.4

28

Ni58.69

78

Pt195.1110

Uun

45

Rh102.9

27

Co58.93

77

Ir192.2109

Une

44

Ru101.1

26

Fe55.85

76

Os190.2108

Uno

43

Tc(98)

25

Mn54.94

75

Re186.2107

Uns

Characteristics: They show great similarities within a given period and group

The last electrons are added to the d orbital

64

Gd

157.25

65

Tb

158.92

66

Dy

162.5

67

Ho

164.93

68

Er

167.26

69

Tm

168.93

58

Ce

140.12

59

Pr

140.9

60

Nd

144.2

61

Pm

(147)

62

Sm

150.35

63

Eu

151.96

70

Yb

173.04

71

Lu

174.97

Characteristics:• Electrons fill the 4f orbital

• These elements decrease in size, going from left to right

96

Cm

(247)

97

Bk

(247)

98

Cf

(252)

99

Es

(254)

100

Fm

(257)

101

Md

(257)

90

Th

232.03

91

Pa

(231)

92

U

238.0

93

Np

(237)

94

Pu

(234)

95

Am

(243)

102

No

(255)

103

Lr

(256)

Characteristics:• Members of the transitions

metals• Electrons fill the 5f orbital