Thematic Areas

Agenda 2020Nanotechnology Work GroupDan Coughlin; Sappi Fine PaperTed Wegner; USDA Forest Products LabPhil Jones: Imerys

Moving Nanotechnology Forward in the Forest Products Sector-continued

• Key Linkages-AF&PA Agenda 2020(Industry)/ Universities with emphases on nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology/ National Nanotechnology Initiative

National Nanotechnology Initiative – National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN ActivitiesCBAN Activities

((Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology)Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology)

• CBAN Charter Approved by NNI & AF&PA Agenda 2020

• Federal Agencies co-signing– USDA Forest Service– USDA CSREES– NIST– EPA– OSTP/NSET

National Nanotechnology Initiative – National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN ActivitiesCBAN Activities

• CBAN Meeting February 21, 2007 – Six Nano-Focus Areas Discussed – Short term NIST-MEP activities & other

Agency activities discussed– Translation of Six Focus Area goals into

Underlying science Grand Challenges• Agenda 2020/Federal agency/University Wizards

workshop

Actions from CBAN Meeting• MEP- short term opportunities

– Ted Maher– Elliot Levine DOE/EERE/IPP– Rick Brenner USDA / ARS / OTT– World Nieh FS

• Wizard’s Workshop - Technology translation• Anne Chaka NIST• Ted Wegner FS• Dan Pitkin NIST• Clara Asmail NIST OTP• Rick Brenner USDA ARS OTT

• Specific Opportunities– Industrial Fluids Consortium Anne Chaka NIST– SBIR Offices

• Nora Savage EPA• Charles Cleland USDA CSREES SBIR• Elliott Levine DOE• Ed Rios - TMS/DOE-ITP• James Rudd NSF

• Land Grant Colleges through CSREES, ARS, BBCC– Honda Chen USDA– Ted Wegner FS

Task Group Program of Work: Task Group Program of Work: Roadmap extensionRoadmap extension

Six Nano-Focus Areas identifiedSix Nano-Focus Areas identified Focus Area 1: Improve strength weight performance

-40% fewer materials for same performance-60# performance with 45# CWF-Mechanical (bonding ) and optical performances

Focus Area 2: Forest Nanomaterials-Liberation and use of nano-cellulose-Other nanomaterials from bio-resource-Non covalent disassembly/reassembly nano-fractionalization and nano-catalysis for separations;-Entropic effects in the assembly and disassembly of nanomaterials in forestry

Focus Area 3 : Understanding the control of water-lignocellulose interaction for modification of properties-Water removal and in the end product

-Energy cost of water, fiber swell in the presence of water-Control and manipulation of hydrogen bonding (7 types)-Control of mechanosorptive behavior -Water repelling, barriers-Control of degradation-Control/modification of surface chemistry

Six Nano-Focus AreasSix Nano-Focus Areas

Focus Area 4: Inorganic-organic nanocomposites nanoscale surface modification

- Paper, MDF, OSB are all composite materials-Compatibilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials-Interactions at nano-scale

Focus Area 5:- Photonics and Electronic/Piezo properties-100 % Opacity

Focus Area 6: -Modifications for energy efficiency : Process related-Low temperature nano-catalysis with nanomaterials in pulping and other chemical reactions with wood and fiber-Nanoscale mixing of chemicals with fiber-Water removal in pressing and drying-Structural materials with lower corrosion rates-Nano pores in felts for water removal-Low corrosion materials

Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)

Driver: Agenda 2020 Breakthrough manufacturing technologyneeds –

1. ”Sheet property development using less energy andmaterials; Increased Filler: Sustainable Pigments”

2. A nano scale technology solution that providessufficient enhancement of fiber network strength toallow reduction of material use in paper and board byat least 40%,

Focus Area #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

YEAR

Basi

s W

t gs

mDematerializationUS #5 coated paper grades

Source RISI 2005

Source, Faust, Time Inc 2006

Time Magazine Paper Usage

47

48

49

50

51

52

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

YEAR

Basi

s W

eigh

t gs

m

Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics

Source: Belcher et al 1999

Source: Busch & John 2000

Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength

Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in PreciseWays

Source Sambles 2001

InverseOpal

At approx 30 nm thickness plates have close to theoretical strength

crystal defects have little effect

Source: Belcher et al 1999

Source Gao, Fratzl et al PNAS 2003

h*= 2Em

2th

h*= critical length scale

h is mineral plate thickness

h*= 30nm

From Griffith Crack theory

Source Aizenberg et al, Science 2005

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

Scanning tunneling microscopes allow surfaces to be imaged at the atomic-scaleSchematic of the

scanning tunneling microscope

Atomic resolution image of Si{111}7x7

Lateral Resolution

Unit cell marked – 0.535 nm

RR9007/1 Atomic Force Measurementof Kaolin Coated Papers

Digital Instruments ~ $150k Pacific Nanotechnology - $65k

Resolution limited to a few nm by vibration

SDS on PCCTopography0.19 um image0.18 nm pixels

Phase delaybetween drive andoscillation,damped by energy transfer,Van der Waals?

Molecular Manipulation

Measuring Strength of Molecules

Source McNeal & Nanko & 2003

Nano-Fibrils

Nano-Dimensions:Coating Clay

100 nm

After Hubbe 2006

After Hubbe 2006

After Hubbe 2006

After Hubbe 2006

E2 d23 E1(d3+d2

3) 12 12

Stiffness, S = +

d1

d1

dd2

E2

E1

E1

E is elastic modulus

E for regular coating 0.6 GN/m2

E for “Contour” coating 2 GN/ m2

High strength coatings have a dramatic effect on stiffness

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

0 20 40 60 80 100% kaolin

Te

ns

ile

str

en

gth

M P

aClay D

Clay E

Blends of clay with GCCBlends of clay with GCC

Fine platey kaolin(E)

Fine blocky kaolin(D)

• Significant strength benefit from fine platey clay, even at low levels of addition

= 4 pph latex

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.24

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Coat weight gm -2

Rig

idit

y, m

N.m

Clay A Clay C

Blocky clay (A)

Platey clay(C)

Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and platey claysplatey clays

• Enhanced stiffness from platey clay coating• Correlates with tensile results

Focus Area #5 Photonic and Electronic Effects

Optical Effects:

Photonics

Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics

Source: Belcher et al 1999

Source: Busch & John 2000

Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength

Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in PreciseWays

Source Sambles 2001

InverseOpal

Optical efficiency

– Beetle outperforms mineral coating layers at same coat weight

– Requires twice the thickness of PCC to match beetle's optical performance

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0 5 10 15 20 25

Coat thickness (micron)

Bri

gh

tne

ss (

D6

5)

UK clayGCCPCCBeetle

Electronic Effects:

Piezo……...