thematic workshop new/emerging technologies: uav
DESCRIPTION
Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV. Tony Fazio Federal Aviation Administration Yves Morier European Aviation Safety Agency. Contents of the presentation. Description of UAV system: Definitions UAV: a complete new Aviation Many initiatives worldwide Scenarios: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
The Europe-USInternational
Aviation Safety
Conference 2005
‘Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’
Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies:
UAV
Tony FazioFederal Aviation Administration
Yves MorierEuropean Aviation Safety Agency
22005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Contents of the presentation
Description of UAV system:o Definitionso UAV: a complete new Aviationo Many initiatives worldwide
Scenarios:o Use with operational restrictionso Use into normal airspace/airports
Consequenceso Aviation safety regulationo Relations between Authorities and Industryo International relations
Let’s launch the debate!
32005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Description of the UAV system
Definitionso UAV System
o A UAV System comprises individual UAV System elements consisting of the flight vehicle (UAV), the “Control Station” and any other UAV System Elements necessary to enable flight, such as a “Communication link” and “Launch and Recovery Element”. There may be multiple UAVs, Control Stations, or Launch and Recovery Elements within a UAV System.
o UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)o An aircraft which is designed to operate with no human
pilot onboard.
42005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Description of the UAV system:
UAV: a complete new Aviationo Technologies:
o Fixed-wing; rotorcraft, airshipso Unusual configurationso Propulsion system: piston engine, turbine
engine, electric propulsion.o Control systems: line of sight, autonomous
o Size:o From micro-UAV (100 grams) to High Altitude
Long Endurance UAV ( 10000 Kilograms)o Possible operations:
o From crop-spraying to ‘surrogate satellites’ through fire-fighting operations
o ‘long, dull and dangerous’ kind of use
52005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Description of the UAV system:
UAV: a complete new Aviationo Civil/military:
o Many UAV were developed with dual use in mindo UAV designers/manufacturers:
o Well established aircraft manufacturers but also small and medium enterprises!
o Many State of Design
62005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Examples of Current Vehicles
72005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:
o In the USA:
o Flights under Certificate of Authorizationo FAA Working Groupo Access 5: File a flight plan and fly by 2008o 3 Standardisation bodies: RTCA; SAE; ASTM o RTCA Special Committee 203o Application for Experimental Airworthiness
Certificate
82005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:
o In Europe: European levelo EUROCONTROL (Military UAV-OAT Task Force and
new task-force for integration of civil and military UAV in the airspace)
o EASA (A-NPA proposing a policy for TC basis)o JAA/EUROCONTROL (Concept of regulation)o EU Research programmes (e.g. USICO for
airworthiness and operations requirements; UAV-Net)
92005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:
o In Europe:o Member States:
o Sweden (Total system approach), o France (Military Authorities: certification code
based (USAR) on CS-23)o UK: CAP 722
o Standardisation bodies: EUROCAE is considering to set-up a working group.
o Not only institutions: Industry efforts (UVS- International Industry Consultative Body)
102005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:
o International:o NATO FINAS: two working groups to address UAV
airworthiness and certification.
112005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:
o Other countries:o Australia has adopted CASR (Civil Aviation Safety
Regulations) Part 101 Unmanned aircraft and rocket operations.
122005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Scenarios (I)
Use with operational restrictions:o Limited development of UAV:
o Operations in restricted airspace and over non-populated areas.
o Possible reasons:o Lack of appropriate regulationso Lack of public acceptanceo Insurance premiumso Increased security measures
132005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Scenarios (II)
Use into normal airspace/airports:o Full use of UAV systems potential not only limited to
‘aerial work’ but with the possibility of transporting cargo.
o Context is likely to be an Integrated Air Ground Space System (Networked system)
Some pointers:o The objective of ACCESS 5 is to allow the use of UAV
above Flight level 180 in 2008o Several studies (Korean UAV roadmap, EU research
programme USICO) envisage global market for High Altitude Long Endurance UAV after 2010
o ACARE research agenda envisage that in 2020 the technology for autonomous flight control systems for freighter operations will have reached a ‘medium’ level of maturity
142005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Scenarios (III)
Which scenario?o Scenario II is chosen as most likely
Why?o Reflect technological development
o Technology exists o Means that it will be used
Other views:o Are welcome on the most likely scenario.
152005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Consequences
Aviation Safety Regulationo Need for a total system approach to address
increasing complexity and number of interfaces:o Use of tailored manned aircraft codes
complemented by Special Conditions is a first step.
o Integration Air-groundo Multiple technologies; operationso Flexibility
o Need for a full risk assessment of UAV operations:o Public and political acceptanceo This should include security risks
o Need for cooperation between Authorities, International organisations, Industry, Research Institutes and Academia
162005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Consequences
Relations between Authorities and Industry:o Increased use of regulations based on essential
requirements and safety management systems:o See previous slideo In line with EU new and global approach
o Increased use of standardisation bodies to develop appropriate standards:o Has already started today (See ASTM, SAE, RTCA,
EUROCAE activities)
172005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Consequences
International relations:o Increased need for bilateral agreements:
o Many countries are likely to design and produce UAV
o Resolution of issues related to transfer of control during a flight:o Long range flights may lead to transfer from
control station to control stationo Chicago Convention:
o Article 8 of the Convention may need to be re-discussed
o Some ICAO annexes may need to be revised.o Other International Conventions such as Montreal
1999, Rome, Tokyo
182005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
Let’s launch the debate
UAV has a lot of potential for Civil useo Aerial work for sure but may be Commercial Air
Transportation…
Present situation could be compared to the one of Aviation in 1920-1930:o Military operations quite well establishedo Civil operations just startingo First long range flights performed
Oblige to think as an integrated Air-ground system :o New challenge to us all
192005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION.