thematic workshop new/emerging technologies: uav

19
2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June The Europe-US International Aviation Safety Conference 2005 Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’ Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV Tony Fazio Federal Aviation Administration Yves Morier European Aviation Safety Agency

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Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV. Tony Fazio Federal Aviation Administration Yves Morier European Aviation Safety Agency. Contents of the presentation. Description of UAV system: Definitions UAV: a complete new Aviation Many initiatives worldwide Scenarios: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

The Europe-USInternational

Aviation Safety

Conference 2005

‘Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’

Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies:

UAV

Tony FazioFederal Aviation Administration

Yves MorierEuropean Aviation Safety Agency

Page 2: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

22005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Contents of the presentation

Description of UAV system:o Definitionso UAV: a complete new Aviationo Many initiatives worldwide

Scenarios:o Use with operational restrictionso Use into normal airspace/airports

Consequenceso Aviation safety regulationo Relations between Authorities and Industryo International relations

Let’s launch the debate!

Page 3: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

32005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Description of the UAV system

Definitionso UAV System

o A UAV System comprises individual UAV System elements consisting of the flight vehicle (UAV), the “Control Station” and any other UAV System Elements necessary to enable flight, such as a “Communication link” and “Launch and Recovery Element”. There may be multiple UAVs, Control Stations, or Launch and Recovery Elements within a UAV System.

o UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)o An aircraft which is designed to operate with no human

pilot onboard.

Page 4: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

42005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Description of the UAV system:

UAV: a complete new Aviationo Technologies:

o Fixed-wing; rotorcraft, airshipso Unusual configurationso Propulsion system: piston engine, turbine

engine, electric propulsion.o Control systems: line of sight, autonomous

o Size:o From micro-UAV (100 grams) to High Altitude

Long Endurance UAV ( 10000 Kilograms)o Possible operations:

o From crop-spraying to ‘surrogate satellites’ through fire-fighting operations

o ‘long, dull and dangerous’ kind of use

Page 5: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

52005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Description of the UAV system:

UAV: a complete new Aviationo Civil/military:

o Many UAV were developed with dual use in mindo UAV designers/manufacturers:

o Well established aircraft manufacturers but also small and medium enterprises!

o Many State of Design

Page 6: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

62005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Examples of Current Vehicles

Page 7: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

72005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:

o In the USA:

o Flights under Certificate of Authorizationo FAA Working Groupo Access 5: File a flight plan and fly by 2008o 3 Standardisation bodies: RTCA; SAE; ASTM o RTCA Special Committee 203o Application for Experimental Airworthiness

Certificate

Page 8: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

82005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:

o In Europe: European levelo EUROCONTROL (Military UAV-OAT Task Force and

new task-force for integration of civil and military UAV in the airspace)

o EASA (A-NPA proposing a policy for TC basis)o JAA/EUROCONTROL (Concept of regulation)o EU Research programmes (e.g. USICO for

airworthiness and operations requirements; UAV-Net)

Page 9: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

92005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:

o In Europe:o Member States:

o Sweden (Total system approach), o France (Military Authorities: certification code

based (USAR) on CS-23)o UK: CAP 722

o Standardisation bodies: EUROCAE is considering to set-up a working group.

o Not only institutions: Industry efforts (UVS- International Industry Consultative Body)

Page 10: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

102005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:

o International:o NATO FINAS: two working groups to address UAV

airworthiness and certification.

Page 11: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

112005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Many initiatives worldwide Some examples:

o Other countries:o Australia has adopted CASR (Civil Aviation Safety

Regulations) Part 101 Unmanned aircraft and rocket operations.

Page 12: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

122005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Scenarios (I)

Use with operational restrictions:o Limited development of UAV:

o Operations in restricted airspace and over non-populated areas.

o Possible reasons:o Lack of appropriate regulationso Lack of public acceptanceo Insurance premiumso Increased security measures

Page 13: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

132005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Scenarios (II)

Use into normal airspace/airports:o Full use of UAV systems potential not only limited to

‘aerial work’ but with the possibility of transporting cargo.

o Context is likely to be an Integrated Air Ground Space System (Networked system)

Some pointers:o The objective of ACCESS 5 is to allow the use of UAV

above Flight level 180 in 2008o Several studies (Korean UAV roadmap, EU research

programme USICO) envisage global market for High Altitude Long Endurance UAV after 2010

o ACARE research agenda envisage that in 2020 the technology for autonomous flight control systems for freighter operations will have reached a ‘medium’ level of maturity

Page 14: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

142005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Scenarios (III)

Which scenario?o Scenario II is chosen as most likely

Why?o Reflect technological development

o Technology exists o Means that it will be used

Other views:o Are welcome on the most likely scenario.

Page 15: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

152005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Consequences

Aviation Safety Regulationo Need for a total system approach to address

increasing complexity and number of interfaces:o Use of tailored manned aircraft codes

complemented by Special Conditions is a first step.

o Integration Air-groundo Multiple technologies; operationso Flexibility

o Need for a full risk assessment of UAV operations:o Public and political acceptanceo This should include security risks

o Need for cooperation between Authorities, International organisations, Industry, Research Institutes and Academia

Page 16: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

162005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Consequences

Relations between Authorities and Industry:o Increased use of regulations based on essential

requirements and safety management systems:o See previous slideo In line with EU new and global approach

o Increased use of standardisation bodies to develop appropriate standards:o Has already started today (See ASTM, SAE, RTCA,

EUROCAE activities)

Page 17: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

172005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Consequences

International relations:o Increased need for bilateral agreements:

o Many countries are likely to design and produce UAV

o Resolution of issues related to transfer of control during a flight:o Long range flights may lead to transfer from

control station to control stationo Chicago Convention:

o Article 8 of the Convention may need to be re-discussed

o Some ICAO annexes may need to be revised.o Other International Conventions such as Montreal

1999, Rome, Tokyo

Page 18: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

182005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

Let’s launch the debate

UAV has a lot of potential for Civil useo Aerial work for sure but may be Commercial Air

Transportation…

Present situation could be compared to the one of Aviation in 1920-1930:o Military operations quite well establishedo Civil operations just startingo First long range flights performed

Oblige to think as an integrated Air-ground system :o New challenge to us all

Page 19: Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

192005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION.