Theme 2Theme 2Vision and Goals of e-Vision and Goals of e-GovernmentGovernment

Presented by Prof. Jin-Wan Seo, Ph.D.Former Member of the Presidential e-Government

CommitteeMember of Steering Committee, Asia-Pacific e-Government

Advisory BoardUniversity of Incheon

South Korea

1. Vision of e-Government

1) The necessity of e-Government

Initiated by the collapse of the Soviet from the ideological issues of the Cold War. However, the advent of the WTO has led to an incredibly competitive era. et Union in the second half of the 1980’s, the world economy was released. In addition, the appearance of the 21st century’s knowledge and information society has stimulated advanced nations to make efforts to implement e-Governments in order to reinforce national competitiveness as a strategy necessary for their existence and prosperity.

Today, many developed and developing nations around the world are implementing e-Government services. The worldwide implementation of e-government is not merely copying the format of advanced countries. This is because politics and administrative systems do not exist beyond each country’s history and tradition, though business activities continue to develop in worldwide trends.

2) The vision and goals of e-Government in each country

Due to the advent of the knowledge and information society, nations around the world commonly recognize the necessity of the establishment of e-Government. And they are implementing e-government services in accordance with the conditions they currently face.

Government should provide more efficient and faster communication channels between people and government itself through a common communication infrastructure so that numerous administrative services, which are all connected through the networks, can be made accessible anytime and anywhere.

On top of this perception, the vision of e-Government that each nation proposes greatly focuses on the provision of administrative services. The blueprint most countries set up in the information society is to build a government that satisfies the demands of its people by providing individuals with easy, convenient access to information at an appropriate price.

Nation Vision and goals of e-Government

U.S.

• The government that provides the serves people require as its customers using IT technologies• The efficient government reengineered using information technologies

UK

• The government that expand its services, enhance the quality of services, and improve the efficiency of public administration by applying information technologies to a variety of public services for people and businesses• The modernized and efficient government that satisfies the demands of people and businesses through electronic processing of its work

Canada

• The government that provides the public services which are responsive and easily accessible • The government that provides universal services at an affordable price

Nation Vision and goals of e-Government

Australia

• The government that manages and utilizes information as the strategic resources of the nation. • The government that provides a variety of online information and services to the customers, anytime and anywhere

Singapore

• The most-informatized country in the 21st century

Malaysia

• Informatization through integration and cooperation for national prosperity • Government innovation by adopting multi-media and information technologies • The construction of a cooperative environment developing multi-media industries • The government that efficiently and competently provides services to people and that proactively responds to their requirements

3) The vision of new e-Government

Government should provide more efficient and faster communication channels between people and government itself through a common communication infrastructure so that numerous administrative services, which are all connected through the networks, can be made accessible anytime and anywhere.

On top of this perception, the vision of e-Government that each nation proposes greatly focuses on the provision of administrative services. The blueprint most countries set up in the information society is to build a government that satisfies the demands of its people by providing individuals with easy, convenient access to information at an appropriate price.

___________ service

The goal is to build a government that provides one/non-stop services to meet people’s needs and complaints anytime and anywhere.

In processing public affairs through one-time visits, when improving administrative processes inside the government based on information technologies, or in providing environments that make it possible for individuals to access governmental services through personal PCs and the Internet, a reduction in costs, usually caused by the issuance of public administrative documents or visits to government offices for numerous registration/consulting tasks, can be achieved and productivity in government and civil sectors can be increased at the same time.

Case: One & non stop service

Mrs. Lee living in city Y gives birth to a baby on a summer day. But she has a small problem. She needs to get a birth certificate for her child at the Public Health Department, but she dares not walk to the department in her poor health condition in this hot weather. Her husband goes to work before the department opens and leaves work after it is closed. However, this would not matter with e-Government measures in place. The computer system at the hospital is connected to the registration information server of the governmental agency so that at the moment a baby is born, registration is completed. In addition, the family gets apretty birthday card from the department the next day.

___________ & buildingless government

This both improves the efficiency and productivity of government and achieves a cost reduction by getting rid of the paperwork previously necessary in many governmental services.

The fundamental backbone of building e-Government is to have electronic documentation. Through this comes cost reduction and an administration productivity increase since it enables easy writing, storing, searching, and sharing compared to the use of traditional documents.

Along with configuring and building an information infrastructure, which enables access of documents via the Internet anytime and anywhere, there is no need to go to the office to do one’s job; rather, employees can work at home.

If a meeting is necessary, a video conference can be set up or an office can be rented. In turn, the saved office maintenance cost could be returned to workers as a bonus

Case: Paperless & buildingless government

On a snowy morning, Mr. Choi, who works at an industrial accident insurance agency, decides to work at home for the day. He can work at home after having a cup of coffee, then help his kids do their homework. Opening his notebook computer, he connects to the main server at the agency.

After reviewing the list of service beneficiaries maintained in the database, he checks the date and the degree of injury and accordingly appropriates the necessary insurance payment. He finally pays it out via PC banking.

___________ government

The goal is to build a government with competence in making policy decisions by gaining and integrating knowledge and information scattered inside the government throughout its networks, and breaking down barriers between departments.

A knowledge-based government is a key factor for a knowledge-based state and the installation of a knowledge management system and integrated environment for administrative information can unify all the information from each department and agency into a single information communications system and materialize the efficient recycling and systematization of information.

Case: Knowledge government

Mr. Kim, an administrative official at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, is busy with preparation for a Free Trade Agreement with country C. He is reviewing negotiation strategies, setting up responsive plans, and researching detailed negotiation techniques and preparing the materials for negotiation. However, He never for a moment thinks it is difficult. Regarding negotiation strategies with country C, he studied the negotiation results from country C’s negotiations with country J last year from the electronic library in the department and reviewed the report on country C’s major strategies during negotiations with other countries, prepared by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and stored in its database (DB). In respect to the detailed negotiation techniques, he utilizes the knowledge management system. Various statistics regarding negotiations can be gathered from the department’s information DB and the National Statistical Office. He also researched other related theories via the electronic library all the government ministries use. All the work can be achieved over the network and he does not need to work in his office all night. He can do his work at home.

___________ government

Government transparency can be promoted through the openness of the electronically stored, networked documents. And ensuring a clean, corruption-free government can be achieved through electronic monitoring and auditing.

The flow of capital can be made transparent through computerization of the budgetary finance process and the procurement/purchasing contracts of government can be conducted in e-trade. The integration of budgetary finance information and purchasing information through the networks can bring about all-the-time auditing, resulting in a reduction of injustice and corruption.

Case: Clean government

In a city, a local tax agency responsible for the local state taxation carries out its tasks through PCs. Through PCs, the basic tax data is scrutinized and individual taxation is imposed, and the statements are automatically printed and sent to the tax-payers. All these processes are automatized and maintained by a few personnel, so there is no chance for it to be interfered with by people and hence no chance for corruption. When there is any dispute on the imposed tax, it can be assessed how the tax was calculated and levied by accessing the server of the local taxation agency and any query or dispute of the taxes can be made by an email. The possibility of an inappropriate relationship between tax collectors and tax-payers is basically far smaller since all the processes of taxation are electrically conducted and checked.

– In May 2001, the UN recognized the importance of e-government and planned to generalize its use worldwide.

– http://open.seoul.go.kr/

Example ‘Open System’ of Korea

Peceipt Review Process Evaluation Notification

4) The e-Government development steps

In the following we shall address the developmental steps necessary to materialize the vision of e-Government.

According to research conducted by both the UN and ASPA based on about 190 UN member countries (Benchmarking e-Government, June 2002), e-Government development is classified into five steps: commencement, development, interaction, e-trade, and the integration process, depending on the level of administrative services provided on the Internet. In addition to this, in 2000, the Gartner Group, a worldwide information process/research organization, defined a four-phase model for e-Government development.

According to the Gartner model the first phase, presence, is the provision of the government’s general information and official documents through its homepage on the Internet. Following this are the interaction phase, which offers such functions as search, email and the downloading of documents and the transaction phase, which processes civil affairs and municipal service transfer. The final phase is the transformation phase, which provides municipal and/or governmental services through a single window, and is also able to overcome the barriers of numerous departments.

<Vision of e-Government>

Fax/MailTelephone

Internet

Mobile

PersonalVisitation

Govt. Representative

Government-wideCivil service center

RegionalCivil service center

DepartmentWeb site

Opinion/Policy

Information& Service

People/Enterprise

BatchProcessin

g

Knowledge

SharingIntegrated

AffairsHandling

Application of Fax, E-mail, Internet and mail

Provision of Various information

And Integrated service

DEPT 1

DEPT 2

DEPT 3

DEPT 4Interconnectivity

Between Department

Vision of e-Government

Back Office ( 조직내부 ) Front Office ( 조직외부 )

•___________ •___________

•___________

Vision of e-Government

20

Back Office: 조직내부

•___________

Vision of e-Government

E-management

E-commerce

E-democracy

E-services

Public Service

Case: Korean Government – Its Vision of e-Government

III. Vision of Electronic GovernmentIII. Vision of Electronic Government

EntrepreneurEntrepreneurss

CitizenCitizenss

Central Central GovGov’’tt Local Local

GovGov’’tt

Government Portal SiteGovernment Portal Site(www.egov.go.kr)(www.egov.go.kr)

Information Information SharingSharing

Electronic Electronic Document Document

Interchange Interchange SystemSystem

High SpeedHigh SpeedNetworksNetworks

Efficient, Transparent GovernmentEfficient, Transparent Government

Internet Access to Gov’t Services

2. Goals of e-Government

1) Primary developed nations’ background and goals for building e-Government

US

To improve national competitiveness through administrative innovation by utilizing informatization and information technologies To build a first class country in the new international order

Canada

To create new employment and to set up cultural identity by adopting information technologies To provide universal services at an appropriate price

UK

To improve the delivery and quality of services to the people To improve the efficiency of the government

To cultivate and develop knowledge industries with the goal of “building a knowledge creating nation,” which forms part of Japanese industrial policies, in response to the U.S.NII’s promotion for e-Government. To associate the recent informatization with e- Government by defining information infrastructure as new social overhead capital

Japan

To consider the governmental management of information as the strategic resource of the nation To develop high level policies, improve service quality through information management and utilization, and protect the interests of and increase the benefits to both administrative bodies and citizens

Australia

2) Backgrounds and goals of major developed countries for building e-Government

In the following sections, e-Government goals are classified into three areas: maximizing government’s internal performance, building customer-oriented service systems, and creating a transparent, responsible and reliable government. Each area’s e-government goals and the type of informatization that should be conducted is summarized.

The First StepThe First Step Provision of homepages of central government agencies and local governments/agencies for the dissemination of administrative information.

The Second StepThe Second Step Provision of opportunities for two-way internet communication such as Q&A sites for its agencies, surveys of public opinion for policies, and electronic bulletin boards.

The Fourth StepThe Fourth Step

Improvement of the value and detail of information and the efficiency of services provided on the Internet for convenient use from the perspective of users.

The Third StepThe Third Step

Provision of a portal of which users can freely use the information without being conscious of the government responsible of the information.

The Fifth StepThe Fifth Step Allowance for all procedures, such as registration and application, which are generated and conducted by individuals and businesses, to be carried out online.

The Sixth StepThe Sixth Step

Provision of personal services, customized to individual demand, such as notification of official procedures which are time sensitive depending on the individual, matriculation, the receipt of annuities and so on.

3) Maximization of internal performance of the government

① Improvement of ___________

Maximize Productivityin the Administration of the

GovernmentThe Informatization

Goals of Administrative work

Maximize Efficiencyin the Administration of the

Government

Administrative business processes

To achieve the goal of maximizing efficiency in the administration, informatization tasks need to be summarized by dividing the fundamental framework of the administrative work process into two areas; decision-making and communication channels.

Since the implementation of an online system for sharing information between organizations faces budgetary and technological constraints, it is desirable to gradually increase its range as required. Informatization can start from the services closed related to citizens’ daily lives or business environments such as civil affairs, health care, labor, the environment and extend gradually to other services.

Through the informatization of the entire processes of policy-making, execution, evaluation and feedback, a system that allows people to freely participate in these processes can be developed, improving the quality of policies and enforcing the implementation of policies.

Decision-Making Process

A major role for the informatization of the decision-making process can be seen in electronic decision-making (approval) systems and video conferencing.

The electronic approval system enables officers or workers to use their PCs to draft official documents electronically and send them to their superiors. Through the organization’s internal LAN, the decision-making process is carried out and finalized with the approval of the final decision maker.

These support systems will enhance the quality of decision-making in a country.

– The knowledge management system (KMS) – Video conferencing with Internet cameras – Video conferencing systems

Communication Channels

In the online environment where the distribution system is electronically processed and exercised, a large volume of official documents can be sent to organizations which possess the system, and there is no paper required in the decision-making process in all phases of processing, from generation to distribution and finally archiving and storage.

– If the two systems – EDDS and the relevant system supporting each organization’s common administrative work such as HR, payment, finance, budgetary accounting, procurement, and auditing – are interconnected, the seamless and paperless process of administration work can be actualized for the maximization of administrative efficiency.

G2G

The administrative information sharing system can be implemented as the core of e-Government in order to improve administrative efficiency, and goes hand in hand with informatization between administrative organizations (or government to government (G2G)).

e-Government infrastructure Firstly, e-Government infrastructure must be developed in order

to configure and operate the e-Government informatization systems necessary for improving administrative efficiency. This requires:- Information communications networks such as LAN and WAN - The provision of personal PCs and email accounts- An effective security set-up to prevent intrusions- Informatization training for government employees

Information communications networks such as LAN and WAN, which electronically distribute administrative information and official documents within and between organizations, should be constructed. To enable workplace tasks to be conducted electronically personal PCs and email accounts should be provided in an environment conducive to their easy and convenient use.

e-Government infrastructure

Extensive security measures should also be set up to prevent unwanted access from the outside and to ensure secure and stable operations. In line with these requirements, informatization training for government employees who operate the information systems of e-Government should be continuously provided.

② Expected effects of administration informatization Improvement in administrative efficiency

In the e-Governmental online environment, all work can be processed instantaneously and complicated projects involving multiple organizations can be fulfilled with a minimum workforce and in the shortest amount of time, leading to revolutionary improvements in administrative efficiency.

The online decision-making process

In the long run, the manpower will be reallocated resulting from the reduction of off-line workforces by adopting online decision-making process, though the decision-making may take place both online and off-line in parallel, for a short time.

Case: the online process requires decision-making

The electronic approval systems and the electronic document distribution systems are constructed and interconnected so that the agency’s purchasing order can be approved and at the same time the order can be automatically sent to the supply administration to fulfill the purchasing order. The supply administration, which gets the order, posts an open bid through the government’s EDDS to select the supplier of the materials, processes a series of steps such as selection of the supplier, material delivery and inspection, and payment, and communicates with the order-requesting agency electronically for the necessary items during the procedural execution. This brings about a paperless supply administration and a reduction inmanpower, time and cost, from the purchase decision to payment.

An example of system development by the Korean government - The administration information sharing system

- An exemplary case of building an administrative information sharing system by the Korean government is discussed below.

- In Korea, there is a program, called the Social Security System, to support citizens who do not have the capability to live on their own and are paid a basic living allowance by the government.

- After the administration information sharing system (productive welfare information system) was implemented, 15 documents necessary for the application procedure were reduced to one document, and the time spent to process applications was reduced from 21 days to 4 days. Also, the convenience of the application process was remarkably increased. This is a very good example of maximized administrative efficiency through the sharing of information among government agencies.

Approach for e-Administration

40

ChangeBoxes-and-

Lines

ChangeWork

System

ChangePatterns of

Understanding

ㅇ Efficiency ㅇ Efficiency ㅇ Customer Satisfaction

ㅇ Efficiencyㅇ Customer Satisfactionㅇ Employee Development

Performance

•___________ (Org. Cognition)

•___________ (Org. Processes)

조직구조의 문제

업무처리과정의 문제

행정문화의 문제

e-Administration

•___________ (Org. Units)

E-Administration

41

e-Service

e-Democracy

e-Administration

4) Implementation of customer-oriented service offering system and IT industry

① ___________ improvement for citizens e-Government aims to provide one/non-stop electronic services for 24

hours to people and enterprises through a single window of e-Government which eliminates the boundaries among government departments, between the central and the local governments, and between the public and the private organizations, enabling the customers not to be conscious of their administrative responsibilities. It also aims to establish the convenient living environment for citizens and the optimal business environment for enterprises by reducing personal visits to government offices.

In order to provide high quality customer-focused services

In order to provide high quality customer-oriented services, the informatization of the internal processes of governmentmust be preceded by an information-oriented back office. In this back office, an environment where the secure use of information can be guaranteed must be provided. In addition, in order to benefit every citizen with e-Government services, government should continuously provide the informatization trainings, while publicizing how to use such e-Government services. Through these, the information gap between regions, between classes, and between generations can be reduced.

In order to provide high quality customer-focused services

[Time frame for changes in government services]

Department

City/Province

City/County/

Ward

PersonalAffairs

Inspection

System

Network

Finance

Department

City/Province

City/County/

Ward

PersonalAffairs

Inspection

System

Network

Finance

Department

City/Province

City/County/

Ward

PersonalAffairs

Inspection

System

Network

Finance

PeculiarFunction

CommonAdminis-tration

CommonBasis

Service

Present

Personnal affairs system

5 years letter

Integrated ServiceWindow

Join use of informationSystem linkage & integration

Dept 1 Dept 2 Dept 3

City/province

City/County/ward

Finance system

Inspection system

Integrated computingEnvironment

E-government’sCommunication network

Case: Intelligent Island 2000, Singapore

Case: Intelligent Island 2000, Singapore

② e-Government and the IT Industry

As the world economy enters into an increasingly competitive era through the WTO, advanced countries have invested extensively in next-generation core technologies such as bio-technology, culture-technology, environment-technology, nano-technology, and satellite-technology to reinforce the national competitiveness necessary for their existence and prosperity.

Each nation therefore focuses on the development of its own IT industry as a strategic industry. Examples where we can clearly see the relationship between the development of the IT industry and implementation of E-government are shown below.

The growth and development of the IT industry is directly connected to preparing a more convenient living environment and more advantageous business conditions through the building of a customer-oriented e-Government service system that provides a high quality of service.

The implementation of e-Government is important not only because it is the foundation of industrial competitiveness, but also because it develops and promotes a close and mutual relationship among citizens, businesses and government. In addition, it is essential for creating a new engine to drive the economy. All these factors will allow each country to redefine its position within the world in the 21st century.

Vision of the U.S

For the growth of IT industry, the U.S. government would both encourage the reengineering of private enterprise activities through legislation and support the R&D sector. This forms the fundamental goal and principle of e-Government in the U.S. The American government established policies to foster the IT industry; first legislative and institutional aspects such as regulation mitigation and tax benefits were reengineered to build an environment of proactive activities for private businesses. Second, the American government supported basic research for IT industry growth. As a result, according to a report called “The Emerging Digital Economy II” presented by the U.S. Department of Commerce in 1999, about 30% of growth in the economy was spurred by growth in the IT industry and equipment expenditure increased by 60% due to IT-related investment.

5) Building a highly transparent, responsible and reliable government

– e-Government as the embodiment of transparent government through tight monitoring is based on the principle of citizens’ sovereignty over their nation.

– e-Government can secure the citizens’ right to know, safeguard their participation in government and ensure the transparency and responsibility of government operations by allowing the facilitation of laws that ensure publication and availability of governmental organizations’ information. Eventually, this will result in the realization of a trustworthy government.