theme 4 assign 1
TRANSCRIPT
The French in North AmericaCanada and Iroquoia
1500-1600
Theme 4Hayley Phillips
History 140Dr. Arguello
The Fur Trade Canada and Iroquoia
Some of the more attractive furs consisted of beaver, fox, otter, lynx, and martin
The mariners purchased these furs from the eager Indians
Furs were an ideal colonial commodity
One that could pay more, just like gold or silver
Indians volunteered to perform hard work by hunting the animals and treating their fur
The Indians considered all objects, even stones, as possessed of some spiritual power
Canada Canada and Iroquoia
The French had shifted their focus northward to reclaim the St. Lawrence Valley, formally probed by Jacques Cartier, known as Canada
The French had a prime focus of the Fur Trade, they did not come to farm
The St. Lawrence was ideal for 5 reasons:
1. The Valley was safely distant from Spanish power
2. The northern location mean especially thick and valuable furs
3. the resident Montagnais and Algonkin were especially skilled hunters
4. The long St. Lawrence offered the deepest access westward into the continent of any river and flowed into the North Atlantic
5. At a place the French called Quebec, the river narrowed to provide both good harbor and high ground
The Five Nations Canada and Iroquoia
The women cultivated large fields of maize, beans, and squash
The Five Nation Iroquois could sustain long distance and large-scale raids against enemies
Success in war boosted powerful esteem for young men to prove themselves to outsiders
A captive man faced death by torture
The Iroquois held ceremonies to contest the skills of the torturers and the stoic endurance of the victim
A captive could be chosen for adoption and be lavished with care and affection
The Dutch Trade Canada and Iroquoia
In 1614 a Dutch company established a year round trading post on the upper Hudson near present day Albony
The Iroquois suddenly enjoyed immediate proximity on the Hudson to the Dutch
The Iroquois acquired growing quantities of European weaponry
The French came to depend upon Iroquois hostility as a barrier that kept northern Indians from traveling south to trade with the Dutch
French America1650-1750
As British colonies grew in numbers, power and ambition, the French increasingly looked to the Indians
The French could more readily recruit them because the French was less threatening to the Indians
New French worked well as militarized the colony for harassing and hindering the British expansion
Emigrants French America
The French learned they needed more colonists to defend Quebec from their English rivals
Fearful of losing the colony again, the French crown ordered the company of New France to recruit more inhabitants
By 1675, seventy seigneuries divided most of the land between Quebec and Montreal in the St. Lawrence Valley
Seigneuries were men of means who could obtain immense colonial estates and titles of nobility
OpportunityFrench America
Habitants took pride in their regular consumption of meat and white bread, which few French peasants could afford
The Canadian habitant enjoyed privileges of hunting and fishing
Although most habitants lived comfortably, few became wealthier than their neighbors
The colony’s limited economy and authoritarian government also discouraged entrepreneurial initiative and thrift in favor of leisure
Rebels and Allies French America
Selective settlement divided the vast colony into two landscapes; settlers and Indians
The French lumped together as the “Petites Nation”
These peoples had been depleted during the seventeenth century by exposure to the diseases and slave raids
When one Chitimacha killed a French Priest, the French enslaved all the women and children