theme 5: air-sea interactions and exchanges
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THEME 5: Air-Sea Interactions and Exchanges. Understand and Describe the energy, moisture, and chemical exchanges between the atmosphere and the oceans and the consequent effects on the atmosphere and ocean structure, mixing and circulations. Current Research. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THEME 5: Air-Sea Interactions and Exchanges
• Understand and Describe the energy, moisture, and chemical exchanges between the atmosphere and the oceans and the consequent effects on the atmosphere and ocean structure, mixing and circulations.
Current Research
• Study of Air-Sea Transfer Velocities Utilizing Gaseous Tracers
– Project Personnel: Kevin Sullivan (UM/RMSAS); Mark Powell; Rik Wanninkhof (NOAA/AOML)
– Goals: Quantify the rates of air-sea CO2 transfer in the Southern Ocean
• Air-Sea Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Surface Physical Processes
– Project Personnel: Mark Donelan and Will Drennan (UM/RSMAS)– Goals: To improve our understanding of how various physical processes control CO2
transfer at the ocean surface.
• Variability of Boundary Layer Structures and Cloud Properties over the Eastern Pacific
– Project Personnel: Bruce A. Albrecht (UM/RSMAS); Patrick Minnis (NASA Langley)– Goals: Define and explain the variability in the characteristics of boundary layer
clouds in the southeast trades across the Cold Tongue ITCZ Complex (CTIC).
• Real-time Hurricane Wind Analysis Project (H*WIND, JHT)– Project Personnel: Nicholas Carrasco, Nirva Morisseau-Leroy, Jason Dunion, and
Sonia Otero (UM/RSMAS); Mark Powell (NOAA/AOML)– Goals: Software development & deployment of a real-time wind analysis application
for tropical cyclones
• Hurricane Heat Content Estimates For Intensity Forecasting Using SHIPS In Support of JHT
– Project Personnel: L. Shay, M. Mainelli (TPC), M. DeMaria(NOAA-NESDIS/CIRA)– Goal: Implement hurricane heat content estimates from satellite and in situ
measurements with seasonal climatologies into the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction System to improve intensity forecasts in the Atlantic Ocean Basin.
• A Study of Factors Controlling the Structure and Distribution of Precipitation in Hurricane
– Project Personnel: Robert Rogers (UM/RSMAS); Shuyi Chen; Hugh Willoughby (NOAA/AOML)
– Goals: Improved understanding of the effects of storm motion and vertical shear on the distribution of accumulated rainfall in tropical cyclones
Current Research
Gradient Flux Technique
MeasuredGradient (3-13m)
McGillis et al. (2001)
z
c
CO2 – w covariance from the bow of the Brown
Gas Ex-2001
Southern Ocean Dual Deliberate Tracer Study:First estimate of gas exchange in the southern OceanCommonly used parameterization model the decrease in 3He/SF6 well Considering the error bars no definitive relationship can be proposed from this study. The relationship developed for the North Atlantic Study, Gas Ex -98 is consistent with the results: k = 0.0283 u3 (Sc/660) -0.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
26 28 30 32 34 36
R observed
Rmodeled
0.31U2
Rmodeled
0.34U2
Rmodeled
0.0283U3
Rmodeled
0.0277U3
R =
ln(3 H
e/S
F 6)
Year Day
GasEx-2001
Best fit N.Atlantic& Southern Ocean
SST (left panels) and OHC (right panels) derived from radar altimeters for Pre-Lili (upper) and Post-Lili (lower)Relative to Storm Intensity.NOAA JHT Project
Tropical Cyclones and Ocean Heat Content
P S-OHC C-OHC SS T12 6.2 4.5 5.324 8.4 6.6 6.536 12.1 9.4 8.248 16.2 11.4 10.460 19.9 13.3 12.472 27.9 15.2 14.6
0
10
20
30
12 24 36 48 60 72Forecast Interval (hr)
Var
ian
ce E
xpla
ined
(%
)
PS-OHC
C-OHC
SST
Individual Correlation Results
(1997-2001 Sample)
H*WIND
Surface Wind:
• Land-based radar, surface data, GIS. Development of a real-time surface analysis system for use by forecasters, etc.
High Resolution Models of TC Rain
Cross-track shear Along-track shear
Rogers et al 2002
Hurricane Bonnie (1998)
Reflectivity Accumulated Rainfall
High-resolution Models of TC Rain
Rogers et al 2002
Right-left rain asymmetry when along-track shear, but not when shear is cross-track
Schematic relationship between environmental shear, storm motion, and total rainfall.
UM/RSMAS-NOAA/AOML Linkages
CIMAS enables close cooperation and interaction between UM/RSMAS and NOAA/ AOML air-sea interaction communities:
• National and International Projects (e.g., EPIC, CAMEX, CBLAST)
• Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing (CSTARS)
• NOPPs• Southeast Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing System (SEA-
COOS)• NOAA Hurricane Field Program• TPC/NHC• UM-RSMAS Academic Program
NOAA/NSF EPIC Warm Pool/ITCZ Regime:AXCP/AXCTD and GPS Sondes From P-3
Shay and Zhang
UM/RSMAS-NOAA/AOML Capabilities
• Human Resources– UM Faculty—Critical Mass in Air-Sea
Interaction– Collaborations among AOML and UM
Scientists– Adjunct UM Faculty from AOML and TPC/NHC– Students (Graduate and Undergraduates)– Research Associates
UM/RSMAS-NOAA/AOML Capabilities and Resources—Observational
• Satellite and Airborne Oceanography
• Airborne Data Sets (with NOAA WP-3D)
• Radars (0.9, 9, and 95 GHz)
• Shipborne (Walton Smith; Explorer of the Seas, Ron Brown)
• Wind-Wave Tank
• Buoys
SEA-COOS: HF Radar Test Bed
Future: WERA: FMCW system, 100km range, ~750 m resolution.
• Wellen Radar (red dots)• CODAR (gray area)• RCCL Explorer Ship
Tracks (solid blue)• NCORE ocean moorings
(black dots)
Current
M-AERI radiometric measurements of air
and sea temperatures.2001.
UM/RSMAS-NOAA/AOML Capabilities and Resources—Modeling
• Modeling– Atmospheric (MM5 -> WRF)– Ocean (MYCOM, HYCOM)– Waves/Spray– Coupled Models
Future Plans and VisionHurricane (FY-05 NOAA/OAR Long-term Initiative): • Air-Sea processes under high wind conditions• Representation of aerosol, moisture and microphysical
processes and impact on TC intensity and rain• Future aircraft and ship-based observation programs
(CAMEX-5, AMMA, HFP)
Lili (2002)Gilbert (1988)
Future Plans and Vision
• Climate Related Air-Sea Interaction:– ENSO– CTIC (Eastern Pacific), ITCZ (Atlantic)– Boundary Layer Clouds (VEPIC)– Western Hemisphere Warm Pool – Chemical Transports– Aerosols/Radiation and Climate