Slide 1

Slide 2

Themes of the 20th Century

Slide 3

Slide 4

1. New Technologies in Transportation and Communication

Slide 5

Slide 6

2. Tripling of the Non West Population

Slide 7

Slide 8

3. Decline of the West as a colonial power

Slide 9

Marxism Communism New Nationalism Fundamentalism

Slide 10

4. New Ideologies challenge traditional orders

Slide 11

Slide 12

5. Accelerated Changes for women in the western world

Slide 13

Slide 14

6. Decreases in birthrates in the Industrialized/ Western World

Slide 15

Germany Russia China Egypt India Vietnam Israel monarchy Dynasty Protectorate Colony Republic Communist Republic Socialist Republic Communist Republic CountryGovt. 1900Govt. 2000

Slide 16

7. Political and economic formation - nearly every country had a different form of government in 1900 than it does today

Slide 17

8. Changes in the power structure 1900 Landed Aristocracy 2000 Upper Middle Class

Slide 18

Causes of World War I The Great War

Slide 19

Slide 20

MAINMAIN A T I O N A L I S M L L I A N C E S M P E R A L I S M I L I T A R I S M

Slide 21

CauseDescriptionExamples Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Causes of World War I MAIN

Slide 22

Cause 1: Massive buildup of armies Obsession with security/product of nationalism Arms race Militarism

Slide 23

Examples of Brit. and Ger. build massive navies.

Slide 24

Cause 2: Europe was divided into 2 armed alliances Pledged absolute support Created a domino effect System of Alliances

Slide 25

Examples of Triple Entente Triple Alliance Britain Russia France Germany Austria Ottoman Serbia *Italy switches sides mid way through the war AlliesCentral Powers

Slide 26

Triple Alliance/Central Powers Triple Entente/Allies Neutrals Ottoman

Slide 27

Cause 3: Competition over acquiring colonies Imperialism Spain Portugal Italy Germany British Dutch Belgium France

Slide 28

Examples of Scramble for Africa Creating spheres of Influences in China

Slide 29

Cause 4: Countries placing their own interest above cooperation Nation-states develop fierce rivalries Nationalism

Slide 30

Examples of -Ger. matching Brit. Indust. output -Southeast Europe (Balkans) Three Empires claimed it Ethnic groups desired independence

Slide 31

Highlight in the flow chart what 4 countries/areas you could blame for the start of WW1Be ready with an answer for each. Identify the one most responsible by circling it What evidence from the chart suggests leaders of these countries anticipated the outbreak of war? Highlight that evidence

Slide 32

What is the crime of the ages? What do you think is the main point of the cartoon and how does it accurately convey how World War I began?

Slide 33

World War I Begins June 28, 1914, Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princep (member of the Black Hand society) assassinates Austrian Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia sends troops to assist Serbia Germany declares war on Russia & France England enters on side of Russia & France WW I is on!! Dont write next part See your timeline + reading

Slide 34

Sarajevo To execute its initial plan, Germany declares war on France. France reciprocates

Slide 35

Germany Russia France Austria- Hungary Britain Serbia Ottoman Empire What military dilemma do the Central Powers (red), especially Germany, face at the onset of war? Who should the Central Powers concentrate on first?

Slide 36

Opening Stages of World War I Schlieffen Plan German war plan Attack France 1 st then Russia German General Alfred Von Schlieffen German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II

Slide 37

Germany Austria- Hungary Russia Britain France Serbia Ottoman Empire Paris*

Slide 38

Rationale for Schlieffen Plan France was the greater threat Russia would be slower to mobilize (lack of RRs) Avoid 2 Front War Quickly end the war Hoping Britain remained neutral Fed romantic view: War over by Christmas

Slide 39

What happened? Results Belgium fighters slow Ger. advance Britain enters war Brit./ Fr. forces stop Ger. advance at Marne River

Slide 40

Bloody Stalemate Along the Western Front *Stalemate = little to no gain for either side = deadlock Conflict grinds to a halt Sept. 1914 Battle of the Marne Taxi Cab Battle Protect Paris; stop Schlieffen Plan Germans fail to advance; both sides dig in Russia attacks in east= 2-front war for Germany

Slide 41

Slide 42

War in the Trenches 500 miles of trench Gains are yards not miles Miserable conditions New tech = more death; machine gun, gas, tanks Feb.-July 1916: Battles of Verdun and Somme = high losses for little gain

Slide 43

What is Trench Warfare?

Slide 44

War on the Eastern Front CPs gain Advantage Ger. & Aust. push Russians back Russias War Efforts Weaken Not industrialized lacked necessities of war Only advantage = large pop. for army

Slide 45

Gallipoli Campaign against Ottomans 1915-16 Failed Brit. & Fr. attempt to take Istanbul Heavy Allied losses 1 st major Allied use of Aust. & New Zea. Troops ** Strengthened Turkish nationalist movement

Slide 46

Later Stages of WWI Russia - 1917 - Vladimir Lenin & Bolsheviks stage Communist Revolution End Romanov dynasty - Formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) - Ends the Tsar's War Vladimir Lenin Tsar Nicholas II

Slide 47

Brest-Litovsk Treaty = Soviet & Ger. agreement to end fighting. - Ger. gets western Russian lands

Slide 48

1918 Last year of War Last Year of War = Military race - Allies = get Americans across Atlantic & into the fight, vs. - Germany (CPs) = Transfer eastern troops to west to end war first

Slide 49

Final German Push - Germans attempt to break Allied lines - Failed; Allied counterattack defeats Germans

Slide 50

Allied Counterattack Ends War

Slide 51

Allies Win! - Paris Peace Conference Allies create treaties to deal with defeated CPs (1919-1920) - Conference divided between U.S. idealism (Pres. Wilsons 14 Points) & European revenge

Slide 52

- Austria-Hungary = 2 states - New nations formed - Ottoman Empire dismantled into Mandates - Mandate = territory whose control transferred from one country to another. - Established League of Nations goal = avoid future wars. - not military league - U.S. does not join. Results of Conference

Slide 53

Soviet Union 2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place? 3. What issues/conflicts are likely to emerge as a result of the new map created in 1919?

Slide 54

Soviet Union New Countries Formed After WW 1

Slide 55

Most Important Treaty of Versailles -Dealt with Germany - War Guilt Clause War was Ger. fault - Loss of territory + colonies - Reduce army & navy - Demilitarize the Rhineland - War payment 32 bill.! How might the Treaty of Versailles lead to WWII?

Slide 56

Treaty of Versailles

Slide 57

Watch Film: Be ready to answer the following: What was the Black Hand, led by Gravilio Princip, a terrorist organization or a group of freedom fighters?

Slide 58

Rasputin Peasant healer or cynical fake Rasputin One man ends an Empire?

Slide 59

Opening Stages of the War General Alfred Von Schlieffen Head of German High Command Developed scenarios Created a plan in 1908 Right flank attack of France

Slide 60

Slide 61

Slide 62

Slide 63