Theodore RooseveltTheodore Rooseveltand the US Foreign Policyand the US Foreign Policy

1901-19091901-1909

RepublicanRepublican

Born 1858-Born 1858-

died 1919died 1919

From: New YorkFrom: New York

VP- Charles W. VP- Charles W. FairbanksFairbanks

PP: ProgressivismPP: Progressivism

(1) (1) Acquisition of the PresidencyAcquisition of the Presidency1. Roosevelt became president in 1901 after

McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czologosz

– McKinley was rushed to hospital, treated and moved to a private residence

– Seemed to be doing better but died after gangrene set in around the bullet wounds

Theodore Roosevelt was the only U.S. President sworn in without a Bible. Ansley Wilcox, who owned the Wilcox Mansion where Roosevelt was inaugurated, wrote: “According to my best recollection no Bible was used, but President Roosevelt was sworn in with uplifted hand.”

At age 42, Roosevelt became the 26th President of the United States and the youngest man to ever serve as President! (John F. Kennedy was the youngest man ever elected to that office at the age of 43).

By the end of the decade!!1900-1909• 76,000,000 Americans in 46 states   (by the end

of the decade.) • Policeman arrests woman for smoking in

public  • $46,000,000+ in the U.S. treasury  • 8,000 cars - 10 miles of paved roads  • 1900 - Auto deaths 96; lynchings 115  • San Francisco Earthquake took 700 lives and

cost over $4,000,000 in damage.  • Average worker made $12.98 per week for 59

hours  • Life expectancy: 47.3 female, 46.3 male - 33.0

African Americans 

Teddy Before the Presidency

• Assemblyman for NY State• Civil Service Commissioner under

Harrison• NYC Police Commissioner• Assistant Secretary of the Navy under

McKinley• Leader of the Rough Riders• Governor of NY• Vice-President under McKinley

TR and the Rough RidersTR and the Rough Riders

Outside of Politics

• Married his college sweetheart who died shortly after the birth of his first child.

• Became a conservationist making his home for several years in the Badlands of the Dakotas where he was a big hunter.

• Moved back east and married a childhood friend. They had 5 more children.

TR the CowboyTR the Cowboy

The T. Roosevelt KidsThe T. Roosevelt Kids

• At age 42, Roosevelt becomes the 26th President of the United States and is sworn into office at about 3:15 p.m. at the Ansley Wilcox Mansion, 641 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, the youngest man ever to become President (John F. Kennedy was the youngest man ever elected to that office at the age of 43).

The History Of The Teddy Bear

• In 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. As reported in the Washington Post, the presidential hunting party. trailed and lassoed a lean, black bear, then tied it to a tree. The president was summoned, but when he arrived on the scene he refused to shoot the tied and exhausted bear, considering it to be unsportsmanlike.

• The following day, November 16, Clifford Barryman, Washington Post editorial cartoonist, immortalized the incident as part of a front-page cartoon montage

• Written across the lower part of the cartoon were the words "Drawing the Line in Mississippi," which coupled the hunting incident to a political dispute.

The cartoon drew immediate attention. In Brooklyn, NY, shopkeeper Morris Mitchom displayed 2 toy bears in the window of his Stationary and novelty store. The bears had been made by his wife, Rose from plush stuffing and finished with black shoe button eyes. Mitchom recognized the immediate popularity of the new toy, requested and received permission from Roosevelt himself to call them

"Teddy's Bears."

Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltUS President US President

1901-19091901-1909

FOREIGN POLICYFOREIGN POLICY

• Roosevelt believed that nations, like individuals, should pursue the strenuous life and do their part to maintain peace and order, and he believed that “civilized” nations had a responsibility for stewardship of “barbarous” ones.

(16) The Panama Canal

A. Built over the Isthmus of Panama to provide

B.The US wanted a trade and military passageway from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.

C. Started in 1904, it took 10 years, 20,000 lives and $280 million to build.

Connects the AtlanticOcean to the Pacific Ocean!!

C. US proposed a 99-year lease for the 6-mile strip of land across the isthmus for $10 million and $250,000 a year.

D. The Colombian government- who controlled the area -refused to ratify the treaty- Roosevelt becomes angry.

E. Panamanian leaders who wanted the canal built revolted against Colombian government. A Panama Revolution led by Philippe Bunau-Varilla broke out against Columbia

Theodore Roosevelt behind a

big cannon stares down a small

sombrero’d Columbia.

(1903).

ii. Roosevelt sent a navy ship to assist in the revolt- not to fight the Columbians, just to sit there and intimidate them while Panama fought for their independence! (Like the USS Maine- that exploded in Cuba… remember?)

iii. The Colombian government is kicked out of Panama.

F. August 15, 1914 the SS Ancon completed the first passage through the Panama Canal.

Roosevelt helps with the canal- and shovels dirt on Columbia

The water level changed across the isthmus of Panama

There is a series of locks (bathtubs) that allow ships to move from higher to lower water level without a waterfall.

(9) The Roosevelt Corollary

A. Passed in 1904- it was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine- we (the US) will protectThe entire Western Hemisphere and especially the Caribbean

B. Issued to intercept European nations from using force to collect on loans given to the Dominican Republic.

(22) Big Stick Policy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”i. US pledged to use armed forces to prevent any European country from seizing Dominican territory.

ii. US took over all debts of the Dominican.iii. US troops were stationed in Dominican from 1916-1924.

The Big Stick PolicyTeddy Roosevelt was accused of “extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy” called JINGOISM.

It is also the gunboat diplomacy…

It is also a Roosevelt Corollary, addition to the Monroe Doctrine issue.

( 3) Platt Amendment (1901)

• The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty with any foreign power

• Because the US is the Protectorate of the Western Hemisphere, especially the Caribbean…

(20) Gentlemen’s Agreement- Gentlemen’s Agreement- The Russo- Japanese War

• TR attempted to resolve the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 by using arbitration.

• This was to keep a balance of power in East Asia and to protect the US power in the Pacific (ex. Philippines).

Japan fights against Russia with

support of UK and observed by US

Military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, this helped keep a BALANCE of POWER in the Eastern Hemisphere… this was good for everyone

“Let Us Have Peace”• An American

cartoon (“Let Us Have Peace”) hailing the peacemaking efforts of President Theodore Roosevelt, who mediated an end to the Russo-Japanese War, 1905.

(Gentlemen’s Agreement Cont…)

• Issued in 1907- restricted Japanese immigration to the US, because of the rising anti-Japanese sentiment in California.

• Japan accepted the US position in the Philippines.

• The US recognized Japan’s control of Korea.

T.R between Russia and Japan

Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his work in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Portsmouth ending the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. This made him the first American to win a Nobel Prize in any of the categories.

Nobel Peace Prize in 1906

(19) Open Door Policy (1904)- The Japanese and

U.S. governments pledged to maintain a policy of equality

in Manchuria/China. Ending the Boxer Rebellion

• In 1902, the United States government protested that Russian encroachment in Manchuria after the boxer rebellion was a violation of the Open Door Policy. When Japan replaced Russia in southern Manchuria after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

(18) The Great White Fleet

…as it came to be called, wasRoosevelt’s plan to show the world our Naval Power.•A 14 month long voyage from Dec16,1907 to Feb22,1909 and was a grand pageant of American sea power. •There were14,000 sailors. •They covered some 43,000 miles & made twenty port calls on six continents.

The route of the Great White Fleet